Granica diageneza/anchimetamorfizm w skałach najwyższego proterozoiku i kambru ze wschodniej części bloku małopolskiego wyznaczona na podstawie badań minerałów ilastych

Kowalska, S.

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Artykuł - szczegóły

Czasopismo

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Nafty i Gazu

2012 | nr 187 | 1-153

Tytuł artykułu

Granica diageneza/anchimetamorfizm w skałach najwyższego proterozoiku i kambru ze wschodniej części bloku małopolskiego wyznaczona na podstawie badań minerałów ilastych

Autorzy

Kowalska, S.

Warianty tytułu

Boundary between diagenesis/anchimetamorphism in the Upper Proterozoic and Cambrian rocks from the eastern part of the Małopolska massif established on the basis of examination of clay minerals

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

Przez wiele lat wysoki stopień przeobrażeń termicznych skał proterozoicznych i kambryjskich bloku małopolskiego, występujących w jego wschodniej części, był korelowany ze zróżnicowaniem ich wieku [168, 150, 219]. Skały wykazujące oznaki metamorfizmu bardzo niskiego stopnia (przede wszystkim silne zaangażowanie tektoniczne, skliważowanie) określano mianem łupków sfyllityzowanych i uważano za ediakarskie. Przeprowadzone badania materiału ilastego pozwoliły wykazać, że zmiana przeobrażeń od późnej diagenezy (od ponad 20% S w I/S) do anchimetamorfizmu (do < 10% S w I/S i KI < 0,30 Delta stopni 20) w obrębie kompleksu ediakarsko-kambryjskiego następuje stopniowo. Zakresy maksymalnych paleotemperatur jakim podlegały te skały zawierają się w szerokim przedziale, odpowiednio, od 150 stopni Celsjusza do niemal 300 stopni Celsjusza. Maksimum anchimetamorfizmu zlokalizowano w południowo-wschodniej części antyklinorium dolnego Sanu. Przeprowadzone badania materiału illitowego pozwoliły wyznaczyć przebieg strefy granicznej późna diageneza/ anchimetamorfizm. Pomimo generalnie ciągłego charakteru zaobserwowanych zmian diagenetycznych i anchimetamorficznych, analiza lateralna powyższych parametrów pozwoliła stwierdzić obecność stref natury tektonicznej, gdzie zmiany te następują skokowo. Wydzielono dwie główne strefy tego typu o znaczeniu regionalnym: strefę uskokową Trzciana-Mielec oraz strefę uskokową zrębu Ryszkowej Woli, która być może stanowi południową część linii TT lub przedłużenie rozłamu świętokrzyskiego. Generalnie najniższy stopień diagenezy stwierdzono w zachodniej części bloku małopolskiego i wielu próbkach z bloku górnośląskiego. Uzyskany dla bloku górnośląskiego duży rozrzut wartości parametrów diagnostycznych: %S w I/S i KI, w pojedynczych otworach, łączyć można z obecnością zjawisk metamorfizmu kontaktowego. Stopień zaawansowania diagenezy i metamorfizmu określano dwiema różnymi metodami rentgenowskimi, czyli w oparciu zawartości pakietów pęczniejących w illicie/smektycie (%S w I/S), wskaźnik krystaliczności illitu (indeks Küblera). Obecność strefy anchimetamorficznej została potwierdzona dodatkowo badaniami uzupełniającymi: analizą politypów illitu, składu chemicznego i politypowego chlorytów, jak również obserwacjami mikroskopowymi.

For many years, the high degree of thermal transformations of Proterozoic and Cambrian rocks occurring in the eastern part of the Małopolska massif was correlated with differences in their age [168, 150, 219]. The rocks demonstrating signs of the very low-grade metamorphism (most of all traces of strong tectonic activity, cleavage) were described as phyllitised shales and considered to be of the Ediacaran origin. Examination of the clay material proved that the changes from late diagenesis (from over 20% S in I/S) to anchimetamorphism (to < 10% S in I/S and KI < 0,30 Delta degree 20) within the Ediacaran-Cambrian complex proceeded gradually. That rocks was affected by the maximum paleotemperatures from the range of 150 degrees of Celsius to nearly 300 degrees of Celsius, respectively. The maximum anchimetamorphism was discovered in the south-eastern part of the lower San anticline. Examination of the illitic material allowed to determine the boundary between late diagenesis and anchimetamorphism. Despite generally continuous character of observed diagenetic and anchimetamorphic changes, the lateral analysis of described parameters allowed to discover areas of tectonic nature where these changes occurred abruptly. Two main such a places of the regional importance were assigned: the Trzciana-Mielec fault zone and the Ryszkowa Wola Horst, which might be the southern part of the TT line or extension of the Holy Cross Mountains dislocation. Generally, the lowest degree of diagenesis was found in the western part of the Małopolska massif and several samples from the Upper Silesian massif. Significant distribution of values of diagnostic parameters: % S in I/S and KI, obtained for the Upper Silesian massif in single boreholes can be associated with the presence of phenomena of contact metamorphism. The advance of diagenesis and metamorphism was determined using two different X-ray methods, i.e. on the basis of the content of swelling layers in illite-smectite (% S in I/S) and the illite crystallinity index (the Kübler index). The presence of the anchimetamorphic zone was additionally confirmed by complementary tests: analysis of illite polytypes, chemical composition and polytypes of chlorites, as well as microscopic observations.

Słowa kluczowe

diageneza anchimetamorfizm minerały ilaste

diagenesis anchimetamorphism clay minerals

Wydawca

Czasopismo

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Nafty i Gazu

Rocznik

2012

Tom

nr 187

Strony

1-153

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 229 poz., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Kowalska, S.

Instytut Nafty i Gazu, Kraków

Bibliografia

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