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2024 | Vol. 72, nr 5 | art. no. e150333
Tytuł artykułu

Dropping or marking: a review and evaluation of existing fluid-flow approximation models

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EN
Abstrakty
EN
Fluid-flow approximation is an approach to modelling and evaluating the performance of vast computer networks. Due to varying traffic and performance of transmission protocols reacting to traffic overloads, computer networks are in a permanent transient state. The fluid-flow method main advantage is its ability to analyse these transient states. The article reviews and organises several versions of this approach, indicating a few errors. The main reason for these errors is confusion or lack of distinction between the two versions of the Internet Protocol – when the queue of packets at a node is too long, they may be destroyed or only marked as redundant. The paper compares and evaluates these fluid-flow approximation models with mild and aggressive settings of RED parameters. The authors build a software system with hitherto unprecedented capabilities regarding the size of the networks to be analysed and with innovative way of organising the calculations. The paper shows how large differences imprecise assumptions can introduce in quantitative results.
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art. no. e150333
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 26 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
  • Department of Computer Networks and Systems, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland, monika.nycz@polsl.pl
autor
  • Department of Computer Networks and Systems, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
  • Institute of Theoretical and Applied Informatics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bałtycka 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Bibliografia
  • [1] L. Kleinrock, Queueing Systems Vol. 1: Theory. John Wiley & Sons, 1975.
  • [2] W.R. Stevens, “TCP Slow Start, Congestion Avoidance, Fast Retransmit, and Fast Recovery Algorithms,” RFC, Tech. Rep., 1997, RFC2001.
  • [3] B. Braden et al., “Recommendations on Queue Management and Congestion Avoidance in the Internet,” RFC, Tech. Rep., 1998, RFC2309.
  • [4] S. Floyd and V. Jacobson, “Random Early Detection Gateways for Congestion Avoidance,” IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw., vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 397–413, 1993, doi: 10.1109/90.251892.
  • [5] Congestion Avoidance Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS Release 15M&T. [Online]. Available: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/qos_conavd/configuration/15-mt/qos-conavd-15-mt-book/qos-conavd-oview.html (Accessed 10.01.2024).
  • [6] S. Floyd, K. Ramakrishnan, and D.L. Black, “The Addition of Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) to IP,” RFC Editor, Tech. Rep., 2001, RFC 3168.
  • [7] V. Misra, W.-B. Gong, and D. Towsley, “Fluid-Based Analysis of a Network of AQM Routers Supporting TCP Flows with an Application to RED,” in Proceedings of the Conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communication (SIGCOMM ’00), 2000, pp. 151–160, doi: 10.1145/347059.347421.
  • [8] D. Towsley, W. Gong, K. Hollot, Y. Liu, and V. Misra, “Fluid Methods for Modeling Large, Heterogeneous Networks,” University of Massachusetts, Tech. Rep., 2005, AFRL-IF-RS-TR-2005-282.
  • [9] Y. Liu, F. Lo Presti, V. Misra, D. Towsley, and Y. Gu, “Fluid Models and Solutions for Large-Scale IP Networks,” ACM SIG-METRICS Perform. Eval. Rev., vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 91––101, 2003, doi: 10.1145/885651.781039.
  • [10] C. Hollot, V. Misra, D. Towsley, and W. Gong, “Analysis and design of controllers for AQM routers supporting TCP flows,” IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, vol. 47, pp. 945–959, 2002, doi: 10.1109/TAC.2002.1008360.
  • [11] Y. Liu, F.L. Presti, V. Misra, D.F. Towsley, and Y. Gu, “Scalable Fluid Models and Simulations for Large-Scale IP Networks,” ACM Trans. Model. Comput. Simul., vol. 14, pp. 305–324, 2004, doi: 10.1145/1010621.1010625.
  • [12] Y. Gu, Y. Liu, and D. Towsley, “On integrating fluid models with packet simulation,” in IEEE INFOCOM 2004, vol. 4, 2004, pp. 2856–2866, doi: 10.1109/INFCOM.2004.1354702.
  • [13] M.A. Marsan, M. Garetto, P. Giaccone, E. Leonardi, E. Schiattarella, and A. Tarello, “Using Partial Differential Equations to Model TCP Mice and Elephants in Large IP Networks,” IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw., vol. 13, pp. 1289–1301, 2005, doi: 10.1109/TNET.2005.860102.
  • [14] J. Liu, “Parallel Simulation of Hybrid Network Traffic Models,” in 21st International Workshop on Principles of Advanced and Distributed Simulation (PADS’07), 2007, pp. 141–151, doi: 10.1109/PADS.2007.26.
  • [15] C. Hollot, Y. Liu, V. Misra, and D. Towsley, “Unresponsive flows and AQM performance,” in IEEE INFOCOM 2003. Twenty-second Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37428), vol. 1, 2003, pp. 85–95, doi: 10.1109/INFCOM.2003.1208661.
  • [16] M. Barbera, A. Lombardo, and G. Schembra, “A fluid-based model of time-limited TCP flows,” Comput. Netw., vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 275–288, 2004, doi: 10.1016/j.comnet.2003.09.002.
  • [17] F. Baccelli, D.R. McDonald, and J. Reynier, “A mean-field model for multiple TCP connections through a buffer implementing RED,” Perform. Eval., vol. 49, pp. 77–97, 2002, doi: 10.1016/S0166-5316(02)00136-0.
  • [18] A.M. Abdelmoniem and B. Bensaou, “Enhancing tcp via hysteresis switching: Theoretical analysis and empirical evaluation,” IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw., vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 2614–2623, 2023, doi: 10.1109/TNET.2023.3262564.
  • [19] D. Marek et al., “Approximation models for the evaluation of tcp/aqm networks,” Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci. Tech. Sci., vol. 70, no. 4, p. e141986, 2022, doi: 10.24425/bpasts.2022.141986.
  • [20] S. Poonyanirun and A. Kanchanaharuthai, “Congestion tracking control for wireless tcp/aqm network based on adaptive dynamic surface scheme,” Int. J. Innov. Comp. Inf. Control-IJICIC, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 1–14, 2024, doi: 10.24507/ijicic.20.01.1.
  • [21] Y. Li, S. Liu, J. Li, and W. Zheng, “Congestion tracking control of multi-bottleneck tcp networks with input-saturation and dead-zone,” AIMS Math., vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 10 935–10 954, 2024, doi: 10.3934/math.2024535.
  • [22] N.N.K. Yousra Abd Mohammed and Layla H. Abood, “Design and simulation an optimal enhanced pi controller for congestion avoidance in tcp/aqm system,” TELKOMNIKA Telecommun. Comput. Electron. Control, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 997–1004, 2023, doi: 10.12928/telkomnika.v21i5.24872.
  • [23] L.H. Abood and R. Haitham, “Design an optimal fractional order pi controller for congestion avoidance in internet routers,” Math. Modell. Eng. Problems, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 1321–1326, 2022, doi: 10.18280/mmep.090521.
  • [24] T. Czachórski, M. Nycz, T. Nycz, and F. Pekergin, “Analytical and numerical means to model transient states in computer networks,” in Computer Networks. CN 2013. Communications in Computer and Information Science, A. Kwiecień, P. Gaj, and P. Stera, Eds., vol. 370, 2013, pp. 426–435, doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-38865-1_43.
  • [25] B. Lyon, “Opte Project website,” http://www.opte.org/, [available: 10.01.2024].
  • [26] M. Nycz, T. Nycz, and T. Czachórski, “An Analysis of the Extracted Parts of Opte Internet Topology,” in Computer Networks. CN 2015. Communications in Computer and Information Science, P. Gaj, A. Kwiecień, and P. Stera, Eds., vol. 522, 2015, pp. 371–381, doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-19419-6_35.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
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