Broiler production from the perspective of emergy analysis - environmental impact scenarios

• Autorzy: Kuczuk, Anna , Pospolita, Janusz

Warianty tytułu

PL

Produkcja brojlerów z perspektywy analizy emergetycznej – scenariusze oddziaływania na środowisko

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Poultry meat consumption is a significant element in Poland's overall food consumption. Economic considerations mean that both nationally and globally, conventional intensive rearing dominates. Nevertheless, environmental and health aspects or the will to treat animals humanely make pro-environmental rearing systems increasingly common. The purpose of this article is an environmental analysis of an example farm engaged in intensive rearing of slaughtered poultry (so-called baseline production). For the analysed production, the following scenarios of changes were proposed: (a) conventional rearing based on the use of own fodder, and (b) organic rearing using free range and own organic fodder. An emergy approach was applied in this analysis. Comparison of different production systems using emergy analysis made it possible to show the scale of environmental resource commitment for baseline and scenario-based productions, and to determine the amount of renewable and non-renewable emergy consumed per unit of production. Through the use of selected emergy indicators, e.g.: Environmental Loading Ratio (ELR), Emergy Yield Ratio (EYR), the environmental impact for each case was determined. For the ecological system scenario, the need to change production parameters (stocking rate, maximum poultry house area, free range) was taken into account. The results of the emergy-based indicators showed that the baseline production places the greatest burden on the environment and is the least sustainable. The organic system is the opposite; however, due to production limitations and the lower production efficiency achieved, it may not be economically viable to orient a farm exclusively to the organic system. In an environmental assessment, the information obtained can provide valuable guidance to agricultural producers. They can help make informed decisions on natural resource management to achieve environmental security. The results are also important for political decision-makers in creating policies for more sustainable agricultural production. The results obtained are discussed, pointing out the importance of the analysis used mainly from an environmental point of view.

PL

Spożycie mięsa drobiowego stanowi istotny element ogólnego spożycia żywności w Polsce. Względy ekonomiczne powodują, że zarówno w kraju, jak i na świecie dominuje konwencjonalny chów intensywny. Niemniej jednak środowiskowe i zdrowotne aspekty oraz chęć humanitarnego traktowania zwierząt sprawiają, że proekologiczne systemy chowu stają się coraz powszechniejsze. Celem artykułu jest analiza środowiskowa przykładowego gospodarstwa prowadzącego intensywny chów drobiu rzeźnego (tzw. produkcja bazowa). Dla tej produkcji zaproponowano scenariusze zmian: (a) chów konwencjonalny oparty o wykorzystanie pasz własnych oraz (b) chów ekologiczny z wykorzystaniem dostępu do wolnego wybiegu i własnej paszy organicznej. W analizie zastosowano podejście emergetyczne. Porównanie różnych systemów produkcyjnych za pomocą analizy emergetycznej umożliwiło pokazanie skali zaangażowania zasobów środowiska w produkcji bazowej i scenariuszach oraz określenie ilości emergii odnawialnej i nieodnawialnej zużywanej na jednostkę produkcji. Poprzez wykorzystanie wybranych wskaźników emergetycznych, np.: Environmental Loading Ratio (ELR), Emergy Yield Ratio (EYR), określono wpływ na środowisko dla każdego scenariusza produkcji. W scenariuszu systemu ekologicznego wzięto pod uwagę konieczność zmiany parametrów produkcji (obsada, maksymalna powierzchnia kurnika, wybieg). Wyniki wskaźników pokazują, że produkcja bazowa stanowi największe obciążenie dla środowiska i jest najmniej zrównoważona. System ekologiczny – odwrotnie, jednakże ze względu na ograniczenia produkcyjne i niższą osiągniętą efektywność produkcji, zorientowanie gospodarstwa wyłącznie na system ekologiczny może nie być ekonomicznie opłacalne. Uzyskane informacje mogą stanowić cenne wskazówki dla producentów rolnych. Mogą pomóc w podejmowaniu świadomych decyzji dotyczących zarządzania zasobami naturalnymi, aby osią-gać bezpieczeństwo środowiskowe. Wyniki analizy są również ważne dla decydentów politycznych przy tworzeniu polityk na rzecz bardziej zrównoważonej produkcji rolnej. Otrzymane wyniki omówiono, wskazując na wagę analizy stosowanej głównie z punktu widzenia ochrony środowiska.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

produkcja brojlerów; rolnictwo konwencjonalne; rolnictwo ekologiczne; analiza emergetyczna; wpływ na środowisko

EN

broiler production; conventional farming; organic farming; emergy analysis; environmental impact

• Czasopismo: Economics and Environment
• Rocznik: 2024
• Tom: No. 1
• Strony: art. no. 751
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 76 poz., fot., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Kuczuk, Anna

• Opole University of Technology, Poland, Prószkowska Street 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland,

autor

Pospolita, Janusz

• Opole University of Technology, Poland, Prószkowska Street 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland

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Identyfikatory

DOI

10.34659/eis.2024.88.1.751