Sztuczne włókna mineralne, z wyjątkiem ogniotrwałych włókien ceramicznych - włókna respirabilne. Dokumentacja proponowanych wartości dopuszczalnych wielkości narażenia zawodowego

Bruchajzer, Elżbieta; Szymańska, Jadwiga; Frydrych, Barbara

doi:10.54215/PiMOSP/1.120.2024

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Artykuł - szczegóły

Czasopismo

Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy

2024 | Nr 2 (120) | 5-75

Tytuł artykułu

Sztuczne włókna mineralne, z wyjątkiem ogniotrwałych włókien ceramicznych - włókna respirabilne. Dokumentacja proponowanych wartości dopuszczalnych wielkości narażenia zawodowego

Autorzy

Bruchajzer, Elżbieta , Szymańska, Jadwiga , Frydrych, Barbara

Wybrane pełne teksty z tego czasopisma

www.ciop.pl/pimosp_teksty

Warianty tytułu

Man-made mineral fibers, except refractory ceramic fibers - respirable fibers Documentation of proposed values of occupational exposure limits (OELs)

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

Sztuczne włókna mineralne (man-made mineral fibers - MMMF) charakteryzują się dobrymi właściwościami izolacyjnymi. Stosowane są jako zamienniki azbestu. Sztuczne włókna szkliste (man-made vitreous fibers - MMVF) to nieorganiczne materiały włókniste produkowane ze szkła, skał, minerałów, żużla i przetworzonych tlenków nieorganicznych. Narażenie zawodowe w Polsce na wartości powyżej 10% NDS dotyczy kilkuset osób. Żadna z nich nie była eksponowana na stężenia przekraczające wartość NDS, tj. 1 włókno/cm3. O toksyczności MMMF decyduje długość włókien, ich średnica i biotrwałość. Sztuczne włókna mineralne działają drażniąco na skórę, oczy i drogi oddechowe. Gromadzą się w płucach i powodują stany zapalne, zwłóknienia, zmiany proliferacyjne. Z badań epidemiologicznych wynika, że zależność występowania raka płuca od narażenia na MMMF nie jest jednak jednoznaczna. Zmianom takim może sprzyjać palenie tytoniu. U zwierząt narażanych inhalacyjnie zdolności organizmu do oczyszczania płuc są znaczne. Po wstrzyknięciu włókien do tchawicy lub jamy otrzewnej częstość występujących u zwierząt lokalnych międzybłoniaków zależała od podanej dawki. Nie ma podstaw do zmiany obowiązującej w Polsce wartości NDS dla respirabilnych sztucznych włókien mineralnych (z wyjątkiem ogniotrwałych włókien ceramicznych), która wynosi 1 włókno/cm3. Brakuje podstaw do wyznaczenia wartości NDSCh, NDSP i DSB. Z uwagi na trudne do interpretacji dane epidemiologiczne dotyczące ewentualnego działania rakotwórczego proponuje się dodać oznakowanie „Carc. 2” (substancja, którą rozpatruje się jako rakotwórczą dla człowieka) oraz „I” ze względu na działanie drażniące na skórę.

Man-made mineral fibers (MMMF) have good insulating properties. They are used as replacements for asbestos. Man-made vitreous fibers (MMVF) are inorganic fibrous materials produced from glass, rocks, minerals, slag and processed inorganic oxides. Occupational exposure in Poland to values above 10% of the MAC affects several hundred people. None of them have been exposed to concentrations above the MAC value of 1 fiber/cm3 . The toxicity of MMMF is determined by the length of the fibers, their diameter and biopersistence. Man-made mineral fibers are irritating to the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. They accumulate in the lungs, causing inflammation, fibrosis, and proliferative changes. Based on epidemiological studies, however, the relationship of lung cancer incidence to MMMF exposure is not clear. Such changes may be promoted by smoking. After animal inhalation exposure, the body’s ability to clear the lungs is considerable. After injection into the trachea or peritoneal cavity, the incidence of local mesothelioma in animals depended on the dose administered. There is no basis for changing the applicable Polish MAC value for respirable artificial mineral fibers (except refractory ceramic fibers), which is 1 fiber/cm3 . There is no basis for determining the values of the STEL, TLV-C and BEI. Due to epidemiological data on possible carcinogenicity that are difficult to interpret, it is proposed to add the label “Carc. 2” (a substance that is considered a human carcinogen) and “I” for skin irritation.

Słowa kluczowe

sztuczne włókna mineralne włókna respirabilne narażenie zawodowe toksyczność NDS nauki o zdrowiu inżynieria środowiska

man-made mineral fibers respirable fibres occupational exposure toxicity MAC health sciences environmental engineering

Wydawca

Czasopismo

Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy

Rocznik

2024

Tom

Nr 2 (120)

Strony

5-75

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 242 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Bruchajzer, Elżbieta

Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi, Katedra i Zakład Toksykologii, ul. J. Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Łódź, elzbieta.bruchajzer@umed.lodz.pl

autor

Szymańska, Jadwiga

Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland

autor

Frydrych, Barbara

Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland

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Bibliografia

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DOI

10.54215/PiMOSP/1.120.2024

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bwmeta1.element.baztech-2d155f23-91d4-42b3-b7d4-b3d29feabd73