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Despite technological progress in the maritime industry, navigators are still the final link of the decision-making chain and rely not only on equipment, but also on human senses. Visual observation of the vessel’s surroundings still plays a crucial role in navigation. Four different ships in service were visited to investigate the work of professional navigators and carry out a pilot experiment on real crews to test the methods for future full-scale research. The main objective was to better understand the influence of bridge design on lookout routines of navigators, while the additional goals were to check the presence of navigators in certain parts of the bridge and to determine if it is reasonable to forbid navigators to sit, as the practice is still used on some ships. Considering space limitations and differences in layouts of the wheelhouse, rarely mentioned in this kind of study, the movement of watch-keeping officers was analysed. In total, twenty observations were made to generate the heatmaps of presence during the routine duties. The results of the research indicate that many factors, including bridge design and layout of equipment, might affect lookout routines but it is possible to find similar patterns on the bridges of different shapes and arrangements. The pilot experiment confirms that it is reasonable to carry out a full-scale study, as there is still room for improvement in the area of ergonomic bridge design. Better understanding of modern lookout and movement routines might lead to the development of adequate ergonomic regulations and result in increased work comfort and the well-being of seafarers.
Słowa kluczowe
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
142--153
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 26 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Industrial Doctoral School, Poland, michal.stopa7@gmail.com
Bibliografia
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- 9. International Maritime Organization. International Convention for the Safety of Life At Sea (SOLAS), 1974, as amended. 1974.
- 10. International Maritime Organization. Guidelines on Ergonomic Criteria for Bridge Equipment and Layout. MSC/Circ.982. 2000.
- 11. International Maritime Organization. Guidance on fatigue. MSC.1/Circ.1598. 2019.
- 12. Britannia P&I Club. BSafe: Incident Case Study No.3: lone watchkeeping grounding at night. 2021.
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- 14. Stopa M. Approach to understanding navigators’ ergonomic needs based on the Kano model. Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, vol. 73(145), pp. 64-72, 2023. https://doi.org/10.17402/556.
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- 20. Aps R, Fetissov M, Goerlandt F, Kujala P, Piel A. Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis of Maritime Traffic Safety Management in the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea). Procedia Engineering, vol. 179, pp. 2-12, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.03.090.
- 21. Mokhtari S, Hosseini S, Danehkar A, Azad M, Kadlec J, Jolma A, Naimi B. Inferring spatial distribution of oil spill risks from proxies: Case study in the north of the Persian Gulf. Ocean & Coastal Management, vol. 116, pp. 504-511, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.08.017.
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- 24. Przywarty M. Factors influencing grounding probability in the Baltic Sea area - quantitative assessment. Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, vol. 45(117), pp. 196-201, 2016. https://doi.org/10.17402/106.
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- 26. United Kingdom Hydrographic Office [Online], 2024. Available at: https://www.admiralty.co.uk/sunsetting-paper-charts.
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Bibliografia
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