Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
The aim of this study was to develop a method for efficiently extracting eight N-nitrosamines (NAs) from chlorinated drinking water using a solid-phase extraction sorbent. This was achieved by completely drying the sorbent using dry air after passing the water through it and before eluting NAs from it. A 500 mL water sample containing NAs was passed through 2.0 g of Carboxen 572. The sorbent was dried by applying a vacuum (-34 kPa) to the sorbent cartridge for 1 h with a silica gel trap connected to the other end of the cartridge. The NAs were then eluted by passing 15 mL of dichloromethane through the cartridge. The dansyl derivatives of the NAs were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection using a Microsorb-MV Si column and a mixture of water (40%) and acetonitrile (60%) as stationary and mobile phases, respectively. The coefficients of determination (R2) for five-point linear calibration curves (2-80 ng/L) were 0.9968-0.9997. The relative standard deviations of repeated measurements were mostly less than 5.1%, but were higher for two NAs. The recoveries of all of the NAs when spiked samples were analyzed were > 95.1%, and the estimated method detection limits were 0.5-1.4 ng/L. The method showed much better performance than when the moisture trap was not applied to the cartridge, particularly when the laboratory air had a high level of humidity.
Słowa kluczowe
Wydawca
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Numer
Opis fizyczny
p.2689-2693,fig.,ref
Twórcy
autor
- Department of Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
autor
- Department of Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
autor
- Department of Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
Bibliografia
- 1. MAGEE P.N., Barnes J.M. The production of malignant primary hepatic tumours in the rat by feeding dimethylnitrosamine. Br. J. Cancer 10, 114, 1956.
- 2. CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CEPA). NDMA and Other Nitrosamines -Drinking Water Issues, Sacramento, 2013.
- 3. HEALTH CANADA. Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality: Guideline Technical Document: N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), Ottawa, 2011.
- 4. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO). Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, 3rd Edition Including 1st and 2nd Addenda: N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), Geneva, 2008.
- 5. UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (US EPA). Second Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, Screening Survey (List 2 Contaminants), Washington, D.C., 2015.
- 6. MITCH W.A., SEDLAK D.L. Formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) from dimethylamine during chlorination. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36, 588, 2002.
- 7. SCHREIBER I.M., MITCH W.A. Nitrosamine formation pathway revisited: the importance of chloramine speciation and dissolved oxygen. Environ. Sci. Technol. 40, 6007, 2006.
- 8. KADMI Y., FAVIER L., WOLBERT D. N-Nitrosamines, emerging disinfection by-products of health concern: an overview of occurrence, mechanisms of formation, control and analysis in water. Water Sci. Technol.: Water Supply 15, 11, 2015.
- 9. UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (US EPA). Method 521: determination of nitrosamines in drinking water by solid-phase extraction and capillary column gas chromatography with large volume injection and chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Cincinnati, 2004.
- 10. CHENG R.C., HWANG C.J., ANDREWS-TATE C., GUO Y., CARR S., SUFFET I.H. Alternative methods for the analysis of NDMA and other nitrosamines in water. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 98, 82, 2006.
- 11. HAN K.-C., KIM H. Optimization of analytical conditions for the determination of nitrosamines in chlorinated tap water by high performance liquid chromatography. Anal. Sci. Technol. 23, 551, 2010.
- 12. RIPOLLÉS C., PITARCH E., SANCHO J.V., LÓPEZ F.J., HERNÁNDEZ F. Determination of eight nitrosamines in water at the ng L−1 levels by liquid chromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta 702, 62, 2011.
- 13. MCDONALD J.A., HARDEN N.B., NGHIEM L.D., KHAN S.J. Analysis of N-nitrosamines in water by isotope dilution gas chromatography-electron ionisation tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 99, 146, 20
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikatory
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.agro-fddfd0c9-fa99-485e-91ab-7d5338c572bf