Development of forests in the former heathland landscape: changes in the habitat quality, structure of undergrowth, syntaxonomy of phytocoenoses and modern pollen deposition

• Autorzy: Deptula M. , Filbrandt-Czaja A. , Nienartowicz A. , Kaminski D. , Adamska E. , Piernik A. , Lewandowska-Czarnecka A.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

This study presents changes in the quality of habitats between 1926 and 2013 in permanent units of forest division restored in the 19th century as a result of afforestation carried out in the landscape dominated by heaths and xerothermic grasslands. The research was conducted in the Zaborski Landscape Park, located in the north-western part of the Tuchola Forest − one of the largest forest complexes in Poland. Changes in the habitat quality were determined based on data included in seven consecutive inventory books. Assessment according to the 5-point quality scale was performed on the basis of average height reached by a pine forest stand of a certain age occurring in particular forest subsections. It has been found that the quality of habitat increased over 87 years by two classes, on average from IV to II. The number of species, especially deciduous trees and shrubs listed in inventory books, was an additional parameter expressing the habitat quality. The extent of habitat changes was also determined based on the types of syntaxa, which are represented by relevés forming the time series and made more or less at the same sites by different authors in 1961, 2002 and 2013, i.e. over the period of 52 years. Temporal changes in the structure of phytocoenoses and their syntaxonomic affiliation were determined using the classification and ordination methods. It has been found that in the study area and within the studied time horizon, there was a recession of dry coniferous forest which developed towards mesic (fresh) pine forests. Whereas within the fresh coniferous forest, there were transitions from the poor cladonietosum variant to the mesotrophic typicum variant, or from the typicum variant towards the fertile variant with a large contribution of Fagus sylvatica in the main tree layer and undergrowth. A change in the forest type from a pine monoculture to mixed pine-beech forest was also reflected in the spectrum of modern pollen deposition collected after annual exposures of Tauber traps. In this case, the observations were performed by the same research team over 15 years.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Ecological Questions
• Rocznik: 2018
• Tom: 29
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: p.19-40,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Deptula M.

• Chair of Geobotany and Landscape Planning, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1 St., 87-100 Torun, Poland

autor

Filbrandt-Czaja A.

• Chair of Geobotany and Landscape Planning, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1 St., 87-100 Torun, Poland

autor

Nienartowicz A.

• Chair of Geobotany and Landscape Planning, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1 St., 87-100 Torun, Poland

autor

Kaminski D.

• Chair of Geobotany and Landscape Planning, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1 St., 87-100 Torun, Poland

autor

Adamska E.

• Chair of Geobotany and Landscape Planning, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1 St., 87-100 Torun, Poland

autor

Piernik A.

• Chair of Geobotany and Landscape Planning, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1 St., 87-100 Torun, Poland

autor

Lewandowska-Czarnecka A.

• Chair of Geobotany and Landscape Planning, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1 St., 87-100 Torun, Poland

Bibliografia

• Amici V., Rocchini D., Geri F., Bacaro G., Marcantonio M. & Chiarucci A., 2012, Effects on an afforestation process on plant species richness: A retrogressive analysis. Ecological Complexity 9: 55−62.
• Berendse F., 1990, Organic mater accumulation and nitrogen mineralization during secondary succession in heathland ecosystems. Journal of Ecology 78: 413−427.
• Berglund B.E. & Ralska-Jasiewiczowa M., 1986, Pollen analysis and pollen diagrams, [in:] B.E. Berglund (ed.), Handbook of Holocene Palaeoecology and Palaeohydrology. John Willey & Sons, Chichester: 455−484.
• Bernadzki B., Bolibok L., Brzeziecki B., Zajączkowski L. & Zybura H., 1997, Compositional dynamics of natural stands in the Białowieża National Park over the period 1936-1993. Parki Narodowe i Rezerwaty Przyrody 16: 3−25.
• Björkman L., 1996, The Late Holocene history of beech Fagus sylvatica and Norway spruce Picea abies at stand-scale in southern Sweden. Lundqua Thesis 39. Lund University. Department of Quaternary Geolog., Lund.
• Bradshaw R.H.W., Kito N. & Giesecke T., 2010, Factors influencing the Holocene history of Fagus. Forest Ecology and Management 259(11): 2204–2212.
• Braun-Blanquet J., 1964, Pflanzensoziologie. Grundzüge der Vegetationskunde. Wien: Springer. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8110-2).
• Brzeziecki B., 1999, Increase of forest sites generosity – formal or real? Sylwan 11: 99–107.
• Filbrandt-Czaja A., Deptuła M. & Nienartowicz A., 2012, Influence of land cover and structure of tree stands on pollen deposition in Zaborski Landscape Park. Ecological Questions 16: 41–49.
• Flinn K.M. & Vellend M., 2005, Recovery of forest plant communities in post-agricultural landscapes. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 3: 243–250.
• Hajder K., 2005, Quality classification of pine as an indicator of habitat diversity in forest ecosystems of the Rytel Forest Division. Master Thesis. Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Biology and Earth Sciences, Department of Soil Science. Toruń.
• Hicks S., Ammann B., Latałowa M., Pardoe H. & Tinsley H., 1996, European Pollen Monitoring Programme: project Description and Guidelines. Oulu University Press, Oulu, Finland.
• Hicks S. & Hyvärinen V.P., 1986, Sampling modern pollen deposition by means of Tauber traps: some considerations. Pollen et Spores 28: 219–242.
• Huntley B. & Birks H.J.B., 1983, An Atlas of past and present pollen maps for Europe: 0-13000 years ago. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• Jackson S.T., 1990, Pollen Source area and representation in small lakes of the Northeastern United States. Review Palaeobotany and Palynology 63: 53–76.
• Janssen J.G.M., 1975, A smple clustering procedure for preliminary classification of very large sets of phytosociological relevés. Vegetatio 30: 67-71.
• Koerner W., Dupouey J.L., Dambrine E. & Benoit N., 1997, Influence of past land use on the vegetation and soils of present days forest in the Vosges mountains, France. Journal of Ecology 85: 351–358.
• Kowalski M., 1992, Ecological succession in Polish Forests. Folia Forestalia Polonica, Series A – Forestry 34: 5–18.
• Kozikowski A., 1911, History of forests in Royal Prussia in the light of truth. Sylwan 29(8): 337–350.
• Latałowa M., Ralska-Jasiewiczowa M., Miotk-Szpiganowicz G., Zachowicz J. & Nalepka D., 2004, Fagus sylvatica – Beech, [in:] M. Ralska-Jasiewiczowa, M. Latałowa, K. Wasylikowa, K. Tobolski, E. Madejska, H.E. Wright, Jr, Ch. Turner (eds), Late Glacial and Holocene history of vegetation in Poland based on isopollen maps. W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków: 95–104.
• Lauschner Ch. & Rode M.W., 1999, The role of plant resources in forest succession: changes in radiation, water and nutrient fluxes, and plant productivity over a 300-yr-long chronosequence in NW-Germany. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 2(1): 103–147.
• Manning P., Putwain P.D. & Webb N.R., 2004, Identifying and modeling the determinants of woody plant invasion of lowland heath. Journal of Ecology 92: 968–881.
• Matuszkiewicz J.M., 2007, Changes in dry and typical pine forests in the West part of Bory Tucholskie, [in:] J.M. Matuszkiewicz (ed.), Geobotanical identification of the development tendencies in forest associations in the regions of Poland. Polish Academy of Sciences, Stanisław Leszczyński Institute of Geography and Spatial Organizations, Warszawa: 96–116.
• Matuszkiewicz W., 2008, Przewodnik do oznaczania zbiorowisk roślinnych Polski [A guide for identification of plant communities in Poland]. PWN, Warszawa.
• Olaczek R., 1990, Response of acidophilous beech forest to clear cutting, [in:] A. Szujecki (ed.), Functioning of forest ecosystems under conditions of various kinds of anthropopressure. Wydawnictwo SGGW-AR, Warszawa: 15–16.
• Pidek I.A., Filbrandt-Czaja A., Noryskiewicz A.M., Noryskiewicz B. & Räsänen S., 2009, New methods applied to interpretations of pollen data in the Holocene – selected examples from the last decade. Ecological Questions 11: 49–64.
• Poska A. & Pidek I.A., 2010, Pollen dispersal and deposition characteristics of Abies alba, Fagus sylvatica and Pinus sylvestris, Roztocze region (SE Poland). Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 19: 91–101.
• Puchalski T. & Prusinkiewicz Z., 1975, Ekologiczne podstawy siedliskoznawstwa leśnego [Ecological basis for forest habitat classification]. Państwowe Wydawnictwo Rolnicze i Leśne, Warszawa.
• Rode M.W., 1999a, Influence of forest growth on former heathland on nutrient input and its consequences for nutrition and management of heath and forest. Forest Ecology and Management 114: 31–43.
• Rode M.W., 1999b, The interaction between organic layer and forest growth and forest development on former heathland. Forest Ecology and Management 114: 117–127.
• Ślaski K., 1951, The range of Pomeranian forests in the last Millennium. Przegląd Zachodni VII (1-4): 207–263.
• Sokołowski A.W., 1965, Forest associations of the Laska Forestry District in Bory Tucholskie (Tuchola Forest). Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica XI (1): 97–119.
• Sokołowski A.W., 1991, Changes in species composition of a mixed Scots Pine-Norway spruce forest at the Augustów Forest during the period 1964–1987. Folia Forestalia Polonica, Series A – Forestry 33: 5–23.
• Sokołowski A.W., 1993, Changes in species composition of forest plant communities induced by industrial emission in NE Poland. Poradnik. Prace Muz. Szafera 7/8: 27–39.
• Sugita S., 1994, Pollen representation of vegetation in quaternary sediments: theory and method in patchy vegetation. Journal of Ecology 82: 881–897.
• Sugita S., 1998, Modelling pollen representation of vegetation. Palaeoclimate Research 27: 1–16.
• Sugita S., Gaillard M.J. & Broström A., 1999, Landscape openness and pollen records: a simulation approach. Holocen 9: 409–421.
• Szymkiewicz B., 1949, Extention des tables de production de Schwappach pour le pin d’une classe, soit de la classe Ia. Sylwan XCIII(3-4): 76-93.
• Szymkiewicz B., 1971, Tables of biomass and the growth of forest stands. Państwowe Wydawnictwo Rolnicze i Leśne, Warszawa.
• Tauber H., 1974, A static non-overload pollen collector. New Phytologist 73: 359–369.
• ter Braak C.J.F. & Šmilauer P., 2012, Canoco reference manual and user’s guide: software for ordination, version 5.0. Biometris, Wageningen.
• Tuszyński M. & Gorzelak A., 1998, An Attempt of Evaluating the Impact of Understorey on Soil, Microclimate, and Vegetation in Pine Stands on Poor Sandy Forest Soils. Sylwan CXLII(8): 15-26.
• van der Maarel E., 1979, Transformation of cover-abundance values in phytosociology and its effects on community similarity. Vegetatio 39: 97–114.
• von Oheimb G., Härdtle W., Naumann P.S., Westphal Ch., Assmann T., & Meyer H., 2008, Long-term effects of historical heathland farming on soil properties of forest ecosystems. Forest Ecology and Management 255: 1984–1993.
• Wallace H.L., Good J.E.G. & Williams T.G., 1992, The effects of afforestation on upland plant communities: an application of the National Vegetation Classification. Journal of Applied Ecology 29: 180–194.
• Wielopolski A., 1959, Economy of West Pomerania in 1800-1918. Societas Scientiarum Stetinensis, Faculty of Social Sciences, Vol. II, Szczecin.
• Wilkoń-Michalska J., Nienartowicz A., Kunz M. & Deptuła M., 1999, Old land-use maps as a basis for interpreting of the contemporary structure of forest communities in Zabory Landscape Park. Phytocoenosis 11: 139–154.
• Woods K.D. & Davis M.B., 1989, Palaeoecology of range limits: beech in Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Ecology 70: 681–696.
• Zaborski B., 1935, The region of Kashubia in the late 18th and early 19th century on the Schrötter-Engelhardt map from 1796-1802. Report on the work and meetings of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences 40: 239–262.
• Zerbe S. & Brande A., 2003, Woodland degradation and regeneration in Central Europe during the last 1,000 years – a case study in NE Germany. Phytocoenologia 33(4): 683-700.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.12775/EQ.2018.016