Fluctuating asymmetry and inbreeding in Scandinavian gray wolves (Canis lupus)

• Autorzy: Wiig O. , Bachmann L.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

We investigated fluctuating asymmetry in 13 traits of the skulls and jaws of historical and contemporary populations of Scandinavian gray wolves (Canis lupus). We hypothesized that there is a higher level of fluctuating asymmetry in the inbred contemporary population than in the historical population. Our analyses did not detect any difference in the level of fluctuating asymmetry as predicted. We propose different explanation for this lack of change in fluctuating asymmetry. It is assumed that a large number of studies have failed to find a positive correlation between the level of genetic stress and developmental instability and have therefore never been published, which hampers a good understanding of fluctuating asymmetry as an indicator of developmental instability. The current study is thus important in this context. The gray wolf population in Scandinavia is characterized by an extreme bottleneck followed by two and a half decades of strong inbreeding, but no associated change in fluctuating asymmetry is detected.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

fluctuating asymmetry; inbreeding; Scandinavia; gray wolf; Canis lupus; Carnivora; skull; asymmetry

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Theriologica
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: 59
• Numer: 3
• Opis fizyczny: p.399-405,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Wiig O.

• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, PO Box 1172, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway

autor

Bachmann L.

• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, PO Box 1172, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway

Bibliografia

• Bechshøft TØ, Wiig Ø, Sonne C, Rigét FF, Dietz R, Letcher RJ, Muir DCG (2008a) Temporal and spatial variation in metric asymmetry in skulls of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from East Greenland and Barents Sea. Ann Zool Fenn 45:15–31
• Bechshøft TØ, Rigét FF, Wiig Ø, Sonne C (2008b) Fluctuating asymmetry in metric traits: a practical example of calculating asymmetry, measurement error, and repeatability. Ann Zool Fenn 45:32–38
• Bensch S, Andrén H, Hansson B, Pedersen HC, Sand H, Sejberg D, Wabakken P, Åkeson M, Liberg O (2006) Selection for heterozygosity gives hope to a wild population of inbred wolves. PLoS ONE 1:e72 Central
• Clarke GM (1998) The genetic basis of developmental stability. V. Inter- and intra-individual character variation. Heredity 80:553–561
• Flagstad Ø, Walker CW, Vilà C, Sundqvis A-K, Fernholm B, Hufthammer AK, Wiig Ø, Koyola I, Ellegren H (2003) Two centuries of the Scandinavian wolf population: patterns of genetic variability and migration during an era of dramatic decline. Mol Ecol 12:869–880
• Gibson PS, Ballard WB, Nowak RM, Mech LD (2000) Accuracy and precision of estimating age of gray wolves by tooth wear. J Wildl Manag 64:752–758
• Hagenblad J, Olsson M, Parker HG, Ostrander EA, Ellegren H (2009) Population genomics of the inbred Scandinavian wolf. Mol Ecol 18:1341–1351 Central
• Hoelzel AR, Fleischer RC, Campagna C, Le Boeuf BJ, Alvord G (2002) Impact of a population bottleneck on symmetry and genetic diversity in the northern elephant seal. J Evol Biol 15:567–575
• Lacy RC, Alaks G (2013) Effects on inbreeding on skeletal size and fluctuating asymmetry of Peromyscus polionotus mice. Zoo Biol 32:125–133
• Landon DB, Waite CA, Peterson RO, Mech LD (1998) Evaluation of age determination techniques for gray wolves. J Wildl Manag 62:674–682
• Leamy LJ, Meagher S, Taylor S, Carrol P, Potts WK (2001) Size and fluctuating asymmetry of morphometric characters in mice: their associations with inbreeding and t-haplotype. Evolution 55:2333–2341
• Leung B, Forbes MR (1997) Modelling fluctuating asymmetry in relation to stress and fitness. Oikos 78:397–405
• Liberg O, Andrén H, Pedersen H-C, Sand H, Sejberg D, Wabakken P, Åkesson M, Bensch S (2005) Severe inbreeding depression in a wild wolf (Canis lupus) population. Biol Lett 1:17–20 Central
• Lovatt FM, Hoelzel AR (2011) The impact of population bottlenecks on fluctuating asymmetry and morphological variance in two separate populations of reindeer on the island of South Georgia. Biol J Linn Soc 102:798–811
• Mattisson J, Sand H, Wabakken P, Gervasi V, Liberg O, Linnell JDC, Rauset GR, Pedersen HC (2013) Home range size variation in a recovering wolf population: evaluating the effect of environmental, demographic, and social factors. Oecologia 173:813–825
• Nowak RM (2003) Wolf evolution and taxonomy. In: Mech LD, Boitani L (eds) Wolves. Behaviour, ecology, and conservation. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, pp 239–259
• Palmer AR (1994) Fluctuating asymmetry analyses: a primer. In: Markow TA (ed) Developmental instability: its origins and evolutionary implications. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 335–364
• Palmer AR, Strobeck C (1986) Fluctuating asymmetry—measurement, analysis, patterns. Ann Rev Ecol Syst 17:391–421
• Palmer AR, Strobeck C (2003a) Fluctuating asymmetry analyses revisited. In: Polak M (ed) Developmental instability. Causes and consequences. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 279–319
• Palmer AR, Strobeck C (2003b) Fluctuating asymmetry analysis: a step-by-step example. From: electronic Appendix V in: fluctuating asymmetry analyses revisited. In: Polak M (ed) Developmental instability. Causes and consequences. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 279–319
• Pertoldi C, Loeschcke V, Madsen AB, Randi E (1997) Developmental stability in the Eurasian otter (Luta lutra) in Denmark. Ann Zool Fenn 34:187–196
• Pertoldi C, Loeschcke V, Braun A, Madsen AB, Randi E (2000) Craniometrical variability and developmental stability. Two useful tools for assessing the population viability of Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) populations in Europe. Biol J Linn Soc 70:309–323
• Pertoldi C, Kristensen TN, Andersen DH, Loeschcke V (2006) Developmental instability as an estimator of genetic stress. Heredity 96:122–127
• Peters G (1993) Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 – Wolf. In Hanbuch der Säugetiere Europas. Band 5: Raubsãuger – Carnivora (Fissipedia) Teil I: Canidae, Ursidae, Procyonida, Mustelidae 1. AULA-Verlag, Wiesbaden, pp 47–106
• Pulliainen E (1985) The expansion mechanism of the wolf (Canis lupus) in Northern Europe. Rev Ecol 40:157–162
• Räikkönen J, Bignert A, Mortensen P, Fernholm B (2006) Congenital defects in a highly inbred wild wolf population (Canis lupus). Mamm Biol 71:65–73
• Vilà C, Sundqvist A-K, Flagstad Ø, Seddon J, Björnfeldt S, Kojola I, Casulli A, Sand H, Wabakken P, Ellegren H (2003) Rescue of a severely bottlenecked wolf (Canis lupus) population by a single immigrant. Proc R Soc Lond B 270:91–97
• Vøllestad LA, Hindar K, Mølle AP (1999) A meta-analysis of fluctuationg asymmetry in relation to heterozygosity. Heredity 83:206–218
• von den Driesch, A. 1976. A guide to the measurement of animal bones from archaeological sites. Harvard University, Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Peabody Museum Bulletin 1, pp148
• Wabakken P, Sand H, Liberg O, Bjärvall A (2001) The recovery, distribution and population dynamics of wolves on the Scandinavian peninsula, 1978-1998. Can J Zool 79:710–725
• Wabakken P, Aronson Å, Strømseth TH, Sand H, Maartmann E, Svensson L, Flagstad Ø, Hedmark E, Liberg O and Kojola I (2011) The wolf in Scandinavia: Status report of the 2009–2010 winter. Høgskolen i Hedmark Oppdragsrapport nr. 4–2010, 57 pp
• Wabakken P, Svensson L, Kojola I, Maartmann E, Strømseth TH, Flagstad Ø, Åkesson, M and Zetterberg A (2013) The wolf in Scandinavia: Final report from wolf monitoring in the 2012–2013 winter. Høgskolen i Hedmark Oppdragsrapport nr. 5–2013, 34 pp

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.1007/s13364-014-0174-0