Efficiency of drinking water treatment processes. removal of phytoplankton with special consideration for cyanobacteria and improving physical and chemical parameters

• Autorzy: Piontek M. , Czyzewska W.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The goal of our research was to show efficiency of the micro-sieves during the water treatment process in the water treatment plant (WTP) in Zawada near the city of Zielona Góra, Poland. This paper presents changes in water quality after particle-filtration (filtration above 10 μm).The samples were collected in the Zawada WTP from January to December. The reduction of the amount of phytoplankton, including cyanobacteria, caused by micro-sieves varied throughout 2009 and was between 21.2 and 93.3%. The maximum concentration of cyanobacteria in raw water was observed May 6 and amounted to about 400,000 org. (organisms)/ L and microcystins (MCs) content in raw water was below 0.2 μg/L and were absent in potable water. That day we observed a reduction of cyanobacteria after particle-filtration amounted to 83% and reduction of phytoplankton 84%. The particle-filtration process reduced organoleptic water parameters: color, turbidity, and total suspended solids. As a result of the decrease of suspend content, decreases of iron, manganese, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were observed.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
• Rocznik: 2012
• Tom: 21
• Numer: 6
• Opis fizyczny: p.1797-1805,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Piontek M.

• Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Zielona Gora, Prof. Szafrana 15, 65-516 Zielona Gora, Poland

autor

Czyzewska W.

• Water and Wastewater Plant in Zielona Gora, Poland Sp. z o.o., Zjednoczenia 120A, 65-120 Zielona Gora, Poland

Bibliografia

• 1. EPA Drinking Water Treatment. Safe Drinking Water Act 1974-2004. Protect our health from source to tap. 1-3. 2009. EPA 816-F-04-034.
• 2. JURCZAK T. Application of cyanotoxins monitorin g in water treatment and dam reservoirs. In: 9th National Conference, 7th International Conference: Water demand, quality and protection. Vol. 2nd. Poznań- Zakopane, Poland. pp. 139-153, 2006 [In Polish]
• 3. RAPALA J., SIVONEN K., LYRA CH., NIEMELA S.I. Variation of microcystins, cyanobacterial hepatotoxins in Anabaena spp. as a function of growth stimuli. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63, 2206, 1997.
• 4. PIONTEK M. PIONTEK R. Hazards to humans and animals caused by the presence of Cyanobacteria in aquatic ecosystems. Natura. 8, 79, 2003 [In Polish].
• 5. CARMICHAEL W., AZEVEDO S., AN J., MOLICA R., JOCHIMSEM E., LAU S., RINEHART K., SHAW G., EAGLESHAM G. Human fatalities from Cyanobacteria: chemical and biological evidence for cyanotoxins. Environ. Heath Perspect. 109, 663, 2001.
• 6. WAYA S., NAPATTARONG S., WEERACHAI P. Microcystin-LR content in Microcystis aeruginosa Kutz collected from Sri Sakhett, Thailand. Chaing Mai J. Sci. 33, (2), 231, 2006.
• 7. ROMANOWSKA-DUDA Z., MANKIEWICZ J., TARCZYNSKA M., WALTER Z., ZALEWSKI M. The effect of toxic cyanobacteria (blue green algae) on water plants and animal cells. Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 11, (5), 561, 2002.
• 8. GROCHOWIECKA W., ŚWIDERSKA-BRÓŹ M., WOLSKA M. The effectiveness of the microdraw process in removing phytoplankton microorganisms and selected contaminants from surface water. Ochrona Środowiska. 31, 25, 2009 [In Polish].
• 9. JODŁOWSKI A. Phytoplankton removing in surface water treatment processes. Ochrona Środowiska 3, (44), 15, 1991 [In Polish].
• 10. JACHIMKO B. Use of surface in Polish waterworks. Water supply of citties and villages. Poznań 1, 177, 1998 [In Polish].
• 11. SCHMECHTIG-GAUDEN E., DEJEWSKA B., BUCZKOWSKI R. Pilot studies on the effectiveness of removal of algae on the water intake in Lubicz near Toruń. Ochrona Środowiska. 4, (24), 33, 2002 [In Polish].
• 12. TARCZYŃSKA M. Toxicity of cyanobacterial blooms and the efficiency of water treatment processes in the elimination of cyanobacterial toxins. Conference: Eutrophication and the opportunity to improve the quality of drinking water Łódź. Tresta. Nagórzyce, 2000 [In Polish]
• 13. JODŁOWSKI A. Ozone and chlorine effect on the microcystin in the aquatic environment. Ochrona Środowiska. 3, (25), 49, 2003 [In Polish]
• 14. QIAO R.P., MA Y.M., QI X.H., LI N., JIN X.C., WANG Q.S., ZHUANG Y.Y. Degradation of microcystin-RR by combination of UV/H2O2 technique. Chinese Chemical Letters. 16, (9), 1271, 2005.
• 15. SHEHATA .S.A, ALI G.H., WAHBA S.Z. Distribution pattern of Nile water algae with reference to its treatability in drinking water. J. Appl. Sci. Res. 4, (6), 720, 2008.
• 16. MANAGE P.M., EDWARDS CH., LAWTON L.A. Biodegradation of microcystin-LR by natural bacterial populations in: Interdisciplinary Studies on Environmental Chemistry- Environmental Research in Asia ed.: Obayashi Y., Isobe T., Subramanian A., Suzuki S. and Tanabe S. Terrapub, pp. 277-285, 2009.
• 17. MANAGE P., EDWARDS C., LAWTON L.A. Bacterial degradation of microcystin. In Interdisciplinary Studies on Environmental Chemistry – Biological Responses to Contaminants, ed.: Hamamura N., Suzuki S., Mendo S., Barroso C.M., Iwata H. and Tanabe S. Terrapub, pp. 97-104, 2010.
• 18. Heidrich Z. Application of micro-sieves and slow filters to treat surface water. 2nd Scientific and Technical Conference: Recognition of surface water for water supply of cities and settlements. Zielona Góra. pp. 96-117, 1988 [In Polish].
• 19. JILEK B. Phytoplankton and zooplankton removing on the micro-sieves Conference: Water supply of cities and villages. Poznań. pp. 779-788, 1994 [In Polish].
• 20. SALEHI F., WINTGENS T., MELIN T. Ultrafiltration with pre-coagulation Survey on operational strategies. 7th ed. Techneau, pp. 1-65, 2007.
• 21. Ministry of Heath. Chapter 12 Treatment proceses, pretreatment w: Draft Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality Management for New Zealand 2nd ed; Wellington: Ministry of Health. New Zealand, 2005.
• 22. STANISŁAWIAK R. Water supply system in the city of Zielona Góra. Conference: Training workshops for operators of water treatment. 10-12.09.2008 Boszkowo. 19-29, 2008 [In Polish].
• 23. PN EN ISO 7887:2002 Water quality. Examination and determination of color. [In Polish].
• 24. PN EN 27888:1999. Water quality. Determination of electrical conductivity. [In Polish].
• 25. PN EN ISO 10304-1:2009 Water quality. Determination of dissolved anions by ion chromatography – Part 1: Determination of bromide, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and sulfate. [In Polish].
• 26. PN EN 25814:1999. Water quality. Determination of dissolved oxygen – Method of electrochemical sensor [In Polish].
• 27. PN-90/C 04540.01 The study of pH, acidity and alkalinity. Determination of pH of water and wastewater for proper conductivity 10 μS/cm and above using electrometric method [In Polish].
• 28. PN-85/C -04578.02 The study oxygen demand and organic carbon content. Determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD) by potassium permanganate (KMnO4) method. [In Polish].
• 29. PN-92/C-04590.-3 Studies of the manganese content. Determination of manganese by formaldoxime method. [In Polish].
• 30. PN ISO 6332:2001. Water quality. Determination of iron - spectrometric method with 1,10-phenanthroline. [In Polish].
• 31. PN EN 872:2007. Water quality. Determination of suspended solids - Method by filtration through glass fiber filters. [In Polish].
• 32. USEPA Nitrogen. Ammonia. Nessler method. No. 8038.
• 33. HUTOROWICZ A. Methods of sampling and quantitative and qualitative analysis of phytoplankton in lakes. WIOŚ Olsztyn. Olsztyn, 2004 [In Polish].
• 34. JURCZAK T. TARCZYNSKA M. IZYDORCZYK K., MANKIEWICZ J., ZALEWSKI M., MERILUOTO J. Elimination of microcystins by water treatment processes examples from Sulejow Reservoir, Poland. Water Res. 39, 2394, 2005.
• 35. KOZAK A. Seasonal changes occuring over four years in a Reservoir’s phytoplankton composition. Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 14, (4), 4451, 2005.
• 36. BŁASZCZYK A. TORUŃSKA A. KOBOS J., BROWARCZYK-MATUSIAK G., MAZUR-MARZEC H. Ecology of toxic cyanobacteria. Kosmos. 59, (1-2), 173, 2010 [In Polish].
• 37. KOWAL A., ŚWIDERSKA-BRÓŻ M. Water purification. PWN:Warszawa-Wrocław, pp. 553-571, 1996 [In Polish].
• 38. KABZIŃSKI A., JUSZCZAK R., MIEKOŚ E., TARCZYŃSKA M., SIVONEN K., RAPALA J. The first report about the presence of cyanobacterial toxins in Polish lakes. Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 9, (3), 171, 2000.
• 39. WESTRICK J.A. Cyanobacterial toxin removal in drinking water treatment processes and recreational waters chapter13 in: Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms. State of the science and research needs. ed.: Kenneth Hudnell H, Springer, pp. 275-290, 2008.
• 40. SCHEIFHACKEN N., HORN H., PAUL L. Comparing in situ particle monitoring to microscopic counts of plankton in a drinking water reservoir. Water Res. 44, (11), 3496, 2010.
• 41. PETER-VARBANETS M., ZURBRÜGG C., SWARTZ C., PRONK W. Decentralized systems for potable water and the potential of membrane technology. Water Res. 43, (2), 245, 2009.