First report of Eucoleus boehmi in red foxes (Vulpis vulpis) in Denmark, based on coprological examination

• Autorzy: Al-Sabi M.N.S. , Kapel C. M. O.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Red foxes can be infected with diverse range of parasite species that can be transmitted to humans and pet animals, and the differential diagnosis is essential for veterinary and zoonotic risk assessment. In the present study, faecal flotation and microscopy of parasite eggs was done on 31 foxes originating from two distant localities in Denmark, the city of Copenhagen in the north east part of the island Zealand and from the southern part of the peninsular Jutland. In total, eggs of Eucoleus boehmi were recovered from a surprisingly high number of foxes (n = 22 samples; 71%). The findings represent the first observations of E. boehmi in Denmark, which is likely an overlooked infection of the upper respiratory tract of red foxes, which can be also found in other canids. Several morphological features of the eggs of E. boehmi can be used to distinguish it from other the closely related trichuroid eggs. Detecting cardiopulmonary parasites by faecal examination can be indicative of the presence of cardiopulmonary parasites based on the more sensitive post mortem analysis.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Eucoleus boehmi; Eucoleus aerophilus; red fox; Vulpes vulpes; Denmark; Angiostrongylus vasorum; Crenosoma vulpis; egg morphology; diagnosis; fecal flotation

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Parasitologica
• Rocznik: 2013
• Tom: 58
• Numer: 4
• Opis fizyczny: p.570-576,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Al-Sabi M.N.S.

• Department of Plants and the Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark

autor

Kapel C. M. O.

• Department of Plants and the Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark

Bibliografia

• Al-Sabi M.N.S., Deplazes P., Webster P., Willesen J.L., Davidson R.K., Kapel C.M.O. 2010. PCR detection of Angiostrongylus vasorum in faecal samples of dogs and foxes. Parasitology Research, 107, 135–140. DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-1847-5.
• Borgsteede F.H. 1984. Helminth parasites of wild foxes (Vulpes vulpes L.) in The Netherlands. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde, 70, 281–285. DOI: 10.1007/BF00927813.
• Butterworth E.W., Beverley-Burton M. 1980. The taxonomy of Capillaria spp. (Nematoda: Trichuroidea) in carnivorous mammals from Ontario, Canada. Systematic Parasitology, 1, 211–236.
• Campbell B.G. 1991. Trichuris and other Trichinelloid nematodes of dogs and cats in the United States. Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practising Veterinarian — North American Edition, 13, 769–778.
• Campbell B.G., Little M.D. 1991. Identification of the eggs of a nematode (Eucoleus boehmi) from the nasal mucosa of North American dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 1, 1520–1523.
• Conboy G.A. 2009. Helminth parasites of the canine and feline respiratory tract. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 39, 1109–1126. DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2009.06.006.
• Davidson R.K., Gjerde B., Vikøren T., Lillehaug A., Handeland K.M. 2006. Prevalence of Trichinella larvae and extra-intestinal nematodes in Norwegian red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Veterinary Parasitology, 136, 307–316. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.11.015.
• Davidson R.K., Oines O., Madslien K., Mathis A. 2009. Echinococcus multilocularis adaptation of a worm egg isolation procedure coupled with a multiplex PCR assay to carry out large-scale screening of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Norway. Parasitology Research, 104, 509–514. DOI: 10.1007/s00436-008-1222-y.
• Di Cesare A., Castagna1 G., Meloni1 S., Otranto D., Traversa D. 2012. Mixed trichuroid infestation in a dog from Italy. Parasite and Vectors, 25,5:128. DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-5-128.
• Dryden M.W., Payne P.A., Ridley R., Smith V. 2005. Comparison of common fecal flotation techniques for the recovery of parasite eggs and oocystis. Veterinary Therapeutics, 6, 15–28.
• Eira C., Viganda J., Torres J., Miquel J. 2006. The helminth community of the red fox, Vulpes vulpes, in Dunas de Mira (Portugal) and its effect on host condition. Wildlife Biology in Practice, 2, 26–36. DOI: 10.2461/wbp.2006.2.5.
• Gortazar C., Villafuerte R., Lucientes J., FernBndez-de-Luco D. 1998. Habitat related differences in helminth parasites of red foxes in the Ebro Valley. Veterinary Parasitology, 80, 75–81. DOI: 10.1016/S0304-4017(98)00192-7.
• Jefferies R., Shaw S.E., Willesen J.L., Viney M.E., Morgan E.R. 2010. Elucidating the spread of the emerging canid nematode Angiostrongylus vasorum between Palaearctic and Nearctic ecozones. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 10, 561–568. DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2010.01.013.
• Lassing H., Prosl H., Hinterdorfer F. 1998. Parasites of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Styria. (in German). Wiener Tierärztlichen Monatsschrift, 85, 116–122.
• Magi M., Macchioni F., Dell’Omodarme M., Prati M.C., Calderini P., Gabrielli S., Iori A., Cancrini G. 2009. Endoparasites of red foxes (Vulpis vulpis) in Central Italy. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 45, 881–885.
• Magi M., Guardone L., Prati M.C., Torracca, B., Macchioni F. 2012. First report of Eucoleus boehmi (syn. Capillaria boehmi) in dogs in the north-western Italy, with scanning electron microscope of the eggs. Parasite, 19, 433–435.
• Manas S., Ferrer D., Castellà J., López-Martín J.M. 2005. Cardiopulmonary helminth parasites of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Catalonia, northeastern Spain. Veterinary Journal, 169, 118–120. DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2003.12.011.
• Moravec F. 2000. Review of capillariid and trichosomoidid nematodes from mammals in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae, 64, 271–304.
• Muchmore C.E. 1998. A study of the nematode Capillaria boehmi (Supperer, 1953): A parasite in the nasal passages of the dog. PhD. Dissertation, Oklahoma State University, USA.
• Nevarez A., Lopez A., Conboy G., Ireland W., Sims D. 2005. Distribution of Crenosoma vulpis and Eucoleus aerophilus in the lung of free-ranging red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 17, 486–489.
• Rajkovic-Janje R., Marinculic A., Bosnic S., Benic M., Vinkovic B., Mihaljevic Z. 2002. Prevalence and seasonal distribution of helminth parasites in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from the Zagreb County (Croatia). (in German). Zeitschrift für Jagdwissenschaft, 48, 151–160. DOI: 10.1007/BF02189989.
• Romashov B.V. 2000. Three capillariid species (Nematoda, Capillariidae) from carnivores (Carnivora) and discussion of system and evolution of the nematode family Capillariidae. 1. Redescription of Eucoleus aerophilus and E. boehmi (In Russian). Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal, 79, 1379–1391.
• Saeed I., Maddox-Hyttel C., Monrad J., Kapel C.M.O. 2006. Helminths of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Denmark. Veterinary Parasitology, 139, 168–179. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.02.015.
• Schnyder M., Maurelli M., Morgoglione M., Kohler L., Deplazes P., Torgerson P., Cringoli G., Rinaldi L. 2011. Comparison of faecal techniques including FLOTAC for copromicroscopic detection of first stage larvae of Angiostrongylus vasorum. Parasitology Research, 109, 63–69. DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-2221-3.
• Schoning P., Dryden M.W., Gabbert N.H. 1993. Identification of a nasal nematode (Eucoleus boehmi) in greyhounds. Veterinary Research Communications, 17, 277–281. DOI: 10.1007/BF01839218.
• Soulsby E.J.L. (Ed.). 1982. Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of domesticated animals. 7th edition. Bailliére Tindall, London, UK, 266, 268 and 324 pp.
• Sreter T., Szell Z., Marucci G., Pozio E., Varga I. 2003. Extraintestinal nematode infections of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Hungary. Veterinary Parasitology, 115, 329–334. DOI: 10.1016/S0304-4017(03)00217-6.
• Supperer R. 1953. Capillaria böhmi spec. nov., eine neue haarwurmart aus den stirnhöhlen des fuchses (in German). Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde, 16, 51–55. DOI: 10.1007/BF00 260409.
• Traversa D., Di Cesare A., Milillo P., Raffaella L., Otranto D. 2009. Infection by Eucoleus aerophilus in dogs and cats: Is another extra-intestinal parasitic nematode of pets emerging in Italy? Research in Veterinary Science, 87, 270–272. DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2009.02.006.
• Traversa D., Di Cesare A., Conboy G. 2010. Canine and feline cardiopulmonary parasitic nematodes in Europe: emerging and underestimated. Parasites and Vectors, 23,3:62. DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-3-62.
• Traversa D., Di Cesare A., Lia R.P., Castagna G., Meloni S., Heine J., Strube K., Milillo P., Otranto D., Meckes O., Schaper R. 2011. New insights into morphological and biological features of Capillaria aerophila (Trichocephalida, Trichuridae). Parasitology Research, 109, S97–S104. DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2406-4.
• Willesen J.L., Moller J., Koch J., Lundorff-Jensen A., Kristensen AM. T. 2004. Early diagnosis of Angiostrongylus vasorum (French heartworm) and Crenosoma vulpis (The fox lungworm) is possible by means of modified Baermann test. Original text (in Danish): Tidlig diagnostik af Angiostrongylus vasorum (fransk hjerteorm) og Crenosoma vulpis (rævens lungeorm) hos hunde er mulig ved hjalp af modificeret Baermann test. Dansk Veterinœrtidsskrift, 87, 21–25.