Toltrazuril treatment for acute clinical coccidiosis in hair goat kids: clinical, pathological, haematologic and biochemical findings

• Autorzy: Ocal N , Yagci B.B. , Duru S.Y. , Kul O.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

This study was conducted to evaluate effectiveness and safety of oral administration of toltrazuril at a dose of 25 mg/kg/day for two consecutive days. The present study was carried out in a goat flock, reared in Kirikkale province of Turkey. Faeces samples were collected from 26 goat kids (6,716 ± 1.11 weeks old) exhibiting the clinical sings of acute clinic coccidiosis including dysentery, tenesmus, inappetence, and weakness. The diseased kids were randomly allocated into two groups: group I (n = 16); toltrazuril treatment and group II (n = 10); no treatment. An additional group was included as a healthy control (group III; n = 10). Prior to toltrazuril treatment, the number of oocysts was 8350 ± 4009 and 6295 ± 1490 in groups I and II, respectively. Eimeria arloingi (67.8%), E. ninakohlyakimovae (21.7%), E. apsheronica (6.4%), E. alijevi (4.1%) were determined in faeces. After toltrazuril treatment in group I, the number of oocysts reduced significantly down to 0 to 250 oocysts per gram faeces (p < 0.001). In contrast, the number of oocysts in untreated group (group II) did not declined, but even increased slightly. At the end of the study, all goat kids treated with toltrazuril (group I) recovered from clinical signs of coccidiosis. At necropsy carried out on two kids, one died prior to the beginning of the study and the other one died from group II, typical nodular coccidia lesions were encountered in intestinal tract. In goat kids with coccidiosis, a mild hypochromic macrositer anaemia developed which was determined on the basis of normal RBC count, increased MCV, lower Hb and PCV near the lower limit of the reference value. In addition, monocytosis and lymphopenia are also associated with coccidiosis in goat kids. Based upon clinical findings and a significant decrease in the number of oocysts in faeces (p < 0.001), it is concluded that oral administration toltrazuril at a dose of 25 mg/kg/day for two consecutive days provides an effective treatment for acute clinical coccidiosis in goat kids. As ALT, AST, BUN, and serum creatinine levels remain within the reference limits after the treatment; toltrazuril at the scheduled dose does not result in acute liver and kidney damage.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

animal disease; coccidiosis; Turkish hair goat kid; treatment; toltrazuril; goat kid; Kirikkale province; Turkey; anticoccidial drug; hematological parameter; biochemical parameter; clinical finding

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Medycyna Weterynaryjna
• Rocznik: 2007
• Tom: 63
• Numer: 07
• Strony: 805-809
• Opis fizyczny: p.805-809,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Ocal N

• Kirikkale University, 71451 Campus, Kirikkale, Turkey

autor

Yagci B.B.

autor

Duru S.Y.

autor

Kul O.

Bibliografia

• 1.Alyousif M. S., Kasim A. A., al-Shawa Y. R.: Coccidia of the domestic goat (Capra hircus) in Saudi Arabia. Int. J. Parasitol. 1992, 22, 807-811.
• 2.Anon: EMEA, Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products, Toltrazuril (Extension to pigs), Summary Report (3). EMEA/MRL/743/00- Final, June 2000.
• 3.Anon: EMEA, Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use, Toltrazuril (Extension to cattle), Summary Report (4). EMEA/MRL/907/04- Final, June 2004.
• 4.Balicka-Ramisz A.: Studies on coccidiosis in goats in Poland. Vet. Parasitol. 1999, 81, 347-349.
• 5.Balicka-Ramisz A.: Studies on the influence of coccidiostats and selenium on the course of coccidiosis in lambs. Acta Parasitol. 2001, 46, 35-38.
• 6.Borgsteede F. H. M., Dercksen D. P.: Coccidial and helminth infections in goats kept indoors in the Netherlands. Vet Parasitol. 1996, 61, 321-326.
• 7.Chartier C., Yvore P., Pors I., Mancassola R.: Absence of protection against Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae after primo-infection with Eimeria ovinoidalis in new-born kids. Vet. Res. 1994, 25, 66-70.
• 8.Chhabara R. C., Pandey V. S.: Coccidia of goats in Zimbabwe. Vet. Parasitol. 1991, 39, 199-205.
• 9.Çimtay Ý., Sevgili M.: Koksidiyozisli kuzularda tedavi öncesi ve sonrasý bazý hematolojik ve biyokimyasal parametreler üzerine araþtýrmalar. YYÜ Vet. Fak. Derg. 2003, 14, 91-94.
• 10.Dacasto M., Cocuzza U.: Efficacy of chlortetracycline for controlling goat coccidiosis in Burundi. Rev. Elev. Med. VetPaysTrop., 1994, 47, 379-380.
• 11.Frandsen J. C., Blagburn B. L., Arther R. G.: Toltrazuril (Bay Vi 9142) as an anticoccidial in naturally infected goats. Prev. Vet. Med. 1992, 12, 101-110.
• 12.Fuente C. De la, Cuquerella M., Carrera L., Alunda J. M.: Effect of subclinical coccidiosis in kids on subsequent trichostrongylid infection after weaning. Vet. Parasitol. 1993, 45, 177-183.
• 13.Jalila A., Dorny P., Sani R., Salim N. B., Vercruysse J.: Coccidial infections of goats in Selangor, peninsular Malaysia. Vet. Parasitol. 1998, 74, 165-172.
• 14.Kanyari P. W. N.: Experimental infections with coccidiosis and serum antibody quantitation in two breeds of goats. Vet. Parasitol. 1988a, 28, 1-18.
• 15.Kanyari, P. W. N.: Coccidiosis in goats and aspects of epidemiology. Aust. Vet. J. 1988b, 65, 257-258.
• 16.Kociba G. J.: Macrocytosis, [in:] Bernard F. F., Joseph G. Z., Nemi C. J. (eds): Schalm's Veterinary Hematology. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2000, 196-199.
• 17.Kramer J. W.: Normal Hematology of Cattle, Sheep, and Goats, [in:] Bernard F. F., Joseph G. Z., Nemi C. J. (eds): Schalm's Veterinary Hematology. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2000, 1075-1079.
• 18.Mathis G. F., Froyman R., Kennedy T.: Coccidiosis control by administering toltrazuril in the drinking water for a 2-day period. Vet. Parasitol. 2004, 121, 1-9.
• 19.Mulder P. P. J., Balzer-Rutgers P., te Brinke E. M., Bolck Y. J. C., Berendsen B. J. A., Gercek H., Schat B., van Rhijn J. A.: Deposition and depletion of the coccidiostats toltrazuril and halofuginone in eggs. Analyt. Chim. Acta. 2005, 529, 331-337.
• 20.Penzhorn B. L., Swan G. E.: Coccidiosis, [in:] Howard J. L. (ed.): Current Veterinary Therapy 3, Food Animal Practice. W. B. Saunders Company, Mexico, 1993, 599-604.
• 21.Penzhorn B. L., Rognile M. C., Hall L. L., Knapp S. E.: Enteric coccidia of Cashmere goats in southwestern Montana, Vet. Parasitol. 1994, 55, 137-142.
• 22.Radostits O. M., Blood D. C., Gay C. C.: Coccidiosis, [in:] Veterinary Medicine. A Textbook of The Diseases of Cattle, Sheep, Pigs, Goats and Horses. W. B. Saunders Company Ltd, London, 1997, 1181-1191.
• 23.Rahman W. A.: Effect of subclinical Eimeria species infections in tropical goats subsequently challenged with caprine Haemonchus contortus. Vet. Rec. 1994, 134, 235-237.
• 24.Raynaud M. C., Chauve C. M., Gastellu J., Gounel J. M.: Administration of toltrazuril during experimental coccidiosis in mule ducks: comparison of the efficacy of a single administration at two different endogenous stages. Vet. Parasitol. 1999, 81, 265-274.
• 25.Stockham, S. L.: Hematologic Changes Due to Bacterial Infections, [in:] Bernard F. F., Joseph G. Z., Nemi C. J. (eds): Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2000, 38-43.
• 26.Taylor J. A.: Leukocyte Responsees in Ruminants, [in:] Bernard F. F., Joseph G. Z., Nemi C. J. (eds): Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2000, 391-401.
• 27.Taylor M. A., Catchpole J.: Review articale: coccidiosis of domestic ruminants. Appl. Parasitol. 1994, 35, 73-86.
• 28.Turk J. R., Casteel S. W.: Clinical Biochemistry in Toxicology, [in:] Kaneko J. J., Harvey J. W., Bruss M. L. (eds): Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals. Academic Press, California, 1997, 829-835.
• 29.Tvedten H., Weiss D. J.: Classification and Laboratory Evaluation of Anemia, [in:] Bernard F. F., Joseph G. Z., Nemi C. J. (eds): Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2000, 143-150