Resistance of selected culturable fishes to ecological conditions of differently loaded ponds under the fish-cum-poultry farming system

• Autorzy: Njoku D C
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Ponds integrated at the rate of 1000 broiler chicken per hectare, with monthly excreta load of 4000 kg ha-1 provided the optimal conditions for fish. At 1500 chicken per hectare only Oreochromis niloticus (L.) was significantly susceptible (P<0.05) to the habitat conditions (mortality rate 18%). At higher levels of poultry integration, the order of resistance to deteriorated conditions was Clarias>Heterotis>Heterobranchus>Channa>Gymnarchus>Oreochromis. The use of Channa (19% mortality), Gymnarchus (41% mortality), and Oreochromis (50% mortality) are considered counter-productive at the 2000 chicken per hectare.

PL

Najlepsze warunki dla ryb panowały w stawach z obsadą 1000 ptaków na hektar, obciążonych miesięczną dawką nawozu 4000 kg ha-1. Przy 1500 ptaków na hektar tylko Oreochromis niloticus (L.) okazał się wrażliwy (P<0.05) na warunki siedliska (śmiertelność 18%). Przy wyższym poziomie obciążenia uszeregowanie ryb według odporności na pogorszone warunki było następujące Clarias>Heterotis>Heterobranchus>Channa>Gymnarchus>Oreochromis. Obsada 2000 ptaków na hektar przynosiła ujemne efekty produkcyjne w przypadku Channa (śmiertelność 18%), Gymnarchus (41%) i Oreochromis (50%).

Słowa kluczowe

EN

pond; fish; ecological condition; livestock-cum-fish system; broiler; resistance; chicken; habitat condition; fish-cum-poultry farming system

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Hydrobiologica
• Rocznik: 1997
• Tom: 39
• Numer: 3-4
• Opis fizyczny: p.93-102,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Njoku D C

• Imo State University, P.M.B. 2000, Owerri, Nigeria

Bibliografia

• APHA 1975. Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water (14th edn). Washington, American Public Health Association.
• Boyd C.E. 1982. Water management for pond fish culture. In: Boyd C.E. (ed.) Development in aquaculture and fisheries science. Oxford, Elsevier Sci. Publ., 105-150.
• Buck D.H. 1977. The integration of aquaculture with agriculture and fisheries. Aquaculture, 2, 11-16.
• Bhattacharya A.N. and Taylor J.C. 1975. Recycling animal waste as a feedstuff. J. Animal Science, 41, 1438-1457.
• Chakroff M. 1976. Fresh water fish pond culture and management. New York, VITA Publ., Series manual No 36E, 169 pp.
• Chem Y. 1981. Chicken farming in integrated fish farming. Regional Aquaculture Lead Centre, China, Tech. Pap., vol. 2, 4-30.
• Colt J.E. and Armstrong D. 1981. Nitrogen toxicity to crustaceans, fish and molluscs. In: Allen L.J. and Kinney E.C. (eds) Proc. Bioengineering Symp. on Fish Culture, Maryland. Fish Culture Section of the American Fisheries Society, Publ. No 1, 34-45.
• Edwards P. 1982. Integrated fish farming in China. ICLARM Newsletter, 5 (3), 16-17.
• Huet M. 1970. Textbook of fish culture, breeding and cultivation. U.K. Fishing News (Books) Ltd Farnham, Surrey, 436 pp.
• Moav R., Wohlfarth G., Schroeder G.L., Hulata G. and Barash G. 1977. Intensive polyculture of fish in fresh water ponds. 1. Substitution of expensive feeds by liquid cow manure. Aquaculture, 10, 25-45.
• Nash E.C. and Brown M.C. 1980. A theoretical comparison of waste treatment processing ponds and fish product ponds receiving animal wastes. In: Rogers S.V. and Shehadeh Z.H. (eds) Integrated aquaculture farming system. Manila, ICLARM - SEARCH, 87-97.
• Njoku D.C. 1997. Effects of different manure levels on fish growth, mortality and yield in a horizontally-integrated fish-cum-poultry farming system in Nigeria. Aquaculture Res. 28, 651-660.
• Onuoha G.C., Chinda A., Oladosu G.A. and Ayinla O.A. 1991. Effects of organic fertilization on pond productivity and water quality of fish ponds at Aluu, Nigeria. Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, Lagos, Tech. Paper No 74, 12 pp.
• Oladosu G.A., Ayinla O.A., Onuoha G.A. and Needom J.C. 1990. Performance of Clarias gariepinus in a polyculture with Oreochromis niloticus under the integrated broiler chicken - fish farming system. Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, Lagos, Tech. Paper No 65, 21 pp.
• Parker E.C. and Davis K.P. 1981. Requirements of warm water fishes. In: Allen L.J. and Kinney E.C. (eds) Proc. Bioengineering Symp. on Fish Culture, Maryland. Fish Culture Section of the American Fisheries Society, Publ. No 1, 21-28.
• Prescott G.W. 1980. How to know the freshwater algae. Dubuque, W.M.C.Brown., 345 pp.
• Roberts R.J. 1978. Fish pathology. Bailliere Tindall Publ. Comp., 435 pp.
• Vollenweider R.A. 1974. A manual on methods for measuring primary production in aquatic environments. IBP Handbook No 12, Oxford, Blackwell Sci. Publ., 225 pp.
• Viveen W.J.A.R., Ritcher C.J.J., Van-Oordit P.G.W.J., Jensen J.A.I. and Husman E.A. 1984. Practical manual for the culture of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Wageningen, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Netherlands Department of Fish culture and Fisheries, 320 pp.
• Wonnacott J.H.S. and Wonnacott R.J. 1977. Introductory statistics. New York, John Wiley and Sons, 650 pp..