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Murashige & Skoog nutrient was supplemented with substances of molecular weight (MW) less than 5 kDa, which were separated from extract of winter wheat ears by means of Sephadex G-25 ultrafiltration. Isolated embryos of the same wheat cultivar (Grana) were vernalized in the nutrient for 0 and 7 days at 2 °C for 2 weeks and planted in a glass-house. After 150 days of growth (20/17 °C day/night) the development of the shoot apices was observed. It was found that substances of MW<5 kDa strongly stimulated the generative development of the plants, enabling the earing of 30 % of non-vernalized plants (control=0%) and 100 % plants vernalized for 7 days (control=29 %). The substances present in the extract of both spring (cv. Jara) and winter (cv. Grana) varieties were fractionated by means of Sephadex chromatography into 300 fractions of MW=1 to 5 kDa and each of them was added to the isolated embryos of cv. Grana. The embryos were vernalized at 2 °C for 7 days and then cultured as previously described. It was found that the differentiation of the shoot apices was stimulated by over 34 % by fractions of winter wheat extract and more than 50 % by fractions of the spring wheat extract. However, only a few of identical fractions of the extracts of both wheat varieties were able to induce the earing of the plants. These fractions were grouped in 4 continuous intervals of MW equal to about 4.5–4.9, 3.2–3.3, 2.1–2.6 and 1.00–1.03 kDa. Within the three intervals was identified a small group of identical fractions, which affected the growth of the seedlings in similar mode i.e. inhibiting or stimulating. Thus it can be assumed that these intervals contained identical or similar substances capable of stimulating strongly the earing of winter wheat.
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p.183-188,fig.
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- Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-016 Krakow, Slawkowska 17, Poland
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Bibliografia
- Atsushi T., Sumiko K., Nobuhiro H., Yhosoi K., Yoshihisa O., Norihiro S., Akira N. 1988. Flowering inducing activity of water extract of Lemna. Plant and Cell Physiol., 7: 1017–1021.
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- Biesaga-Kościelniak J., Marcińska I., Dubert F. 1994b. The effectiveness of flowering stimulation in winter wheat under the influence of extracts from plants at various developmental stages. Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci., 1: 67–71.
- Biesaga-Kościelniak J., Dubert F., Marcińska I., Kościelniak J. 1996a. Stimulation of generative development of winter wheat by the extracts from inflorescences of various crop plants. Acta Physiol. Plant., 3: 241–247.
- Biesaga-Kościelniak J., Dubert F., Marcińska I., Kościelniak J. 1996b. Selected physico-chemical properties of the flowering factor in extract from wheat ears. Acta Physiol. Plant., 3: 235–240.
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- Czailakhian M.K., Lozhnikova W.N. 1985. The florigen hypothesis and its substantiation by extracting substances which induce flowering in plants. Physiol. Rast., 32: 1172–1181.
- Kozaki A., Tabeka G., Tanaka O. 1991. A polypeptide that induces flowering in Lemna pauciocostata at a very low concentration. Plant Physiol., 95: 1288–1290.
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- Lincol R.G., Cunningham A., Hamner K.C. 1964. Evidence for florigenic acid. Nature, 202: 559–561.
- Purvis O.N., Gregory F.G. 1953. Accelerating effect of extract of vernalized embryos of winter rye on flower initiation of unvernalized embryos. Nature, 171: 687–692.
- Sumiko K., Akiko K., Atsushi T., 1989. Flower inducing of water extracts of various plant species, in particular Pharbitis nil. Plant Cell Physiol., 7: 1023–1028.
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Bibliografia
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