Parameter optimization for the measurement of VOCs by canister system

• Autorzy: Kumar A , Viden I.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

With growing concern for quality of the environment, demand for reliable and sensitive monitoring techniques for organic compounds in the atmosphere has increased recently. Canister sampling and analysis is becoming a widely accepted choice for the measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Before carrying out any measurement it is necessary to optimize parameters in order to get reproducible results. In view of this, a canister sampling technique was optimized for efficient measurement of various VOCs, including sulfur and chlorinated compounds. For all studied compounds the optimum trap desorption tem­perature was found to be 225°C, while for CCl4 the optimum temperature was lower and this compound shows a decrease in response with the increase in trap desorption temperature. Other chloro compounds like chloroform and 1, 2-dichloroethane showed the same behavior as other organic compounds. Furthermore, cold trap desorption temperature and cryo injection time and moisture control system (MCS) were also optimized.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
• Rocznik: 2007
• Tom: 16
• Numer: 6
• Strony: 841-846
• Opis fizyczny: p.841-846,fig.,ref

Twórcy

autor

Kumar A

• Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic

autor

Viden I.

Bibliografia

• 1. YAMAMOTO N., OKAYASU H., MURAYAMA S., MORI S., HUNAHASHI K., SUZUKI K. Measurement of volatile organic compounds in the urban atmosphere of Yokohama, Japan by an automated gas chromatographic system. Atmos. Environ. 34, 4441, 2000.
• 2. DERWENT R.G., JENKIN M.E., SAUNDERS S.M., PILL­ING M.J., SIMMONDS P.G., PASSANT N.R., DOLLARD G.J., DUMITREAN P., KENT A. Photochemical ozone for­mation in north west Europe and its control. Atmos. Envi­ron. 37, 1983, 2003.
• 3. KUMAR A., TYAGI S.K. Benzene and toluene profiles in ambient air of Delhi as determined by active sampling and GC analysis. J. Sci. Ind. Res. India. 65, 252, 2006.
• 4. World Health Organization (WHO). Air Quality Guidelines for Europe. WHO Regional Publications, European Series No. 23, Copenhagen. 1987.
• 5. HUISMAN M., KOOPMAN E.C., FIDLER V., ALGRA M.H., PAAUW C.G., TUINSTRA L. G. M. TH., KUPERUS N.W., SAUER P.J.J., TOUWEN B.C.L., BOERSMA E.R. Perinatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins and its effects on neonatal neurological development. Early Hum. Dev. 41, 111, 1995.
• 6. TSAI W.T. A review of environmental hazards and adsorp­tion recovery of cleaning solvent hydro chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). J. Loss Prev. Process Ind. 15, 147, 2002.
• 7. BEARD J. DDT and human health. Sci. Total Environ. 355, 78, 2005.
• 8. JIMÉNEZ B., ESTRELLA R.R., MERINO R., GÓMEZ G., RIVERA L., GONZALEZ M.J., ABAD E., RIVERA J. Re­sults and evaluation of the first study of organochlorine con­taminants (PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs and DDTs), heavy metals and metalloids in birds from Baja California, Mexico. Envi­ron. Pollut. 133, 139, 2005.
• 9. KURYLO M.J. The chemistry of stratospheric ozone: its response to natural and anthropogenic influences. Int. J. Re- frig. 13, 62, 1990.
• 10. SORKINA R.D.W. Impact of ozone layer depletion II: changes in photo dissociation rates and tropospheric compo­sition. Atmos. Environ. 35, 1615, 2001.
• 11. GUERRA J.C., RODRRIGUEZ S., ARENCIBIA M.T., GAR­CIA M.D. Study on the formation and transport of ozone in re­lation to the air quality management and vegetation protection in Tenerif (Canary Islands). Chemosphere. 56, 1157, 2004.
• 12. CHANG S., BULLER E.M., KIMURA Y.K., YARWOOD G., NEECE J., RUSSELL M., TANAKA P., ALLEN D. Sensitivity of urban ozone formation to chlorine emission estimates. Atmos. Environ. 36, 4991, 2002.
• 13. WALLACE L. A. Volatile organic chemicals. In: Samet J, Spengler J (eds) Indoor Air Pollution: A Health Perspective Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1991.
• 14. WALLACE L.A. Assessing human exposure to volatile or­ganic compounds. In: Spengler JD, Samet JM, McCarthy JF (eds) Indoor air quality handbook. Mcgraw-Hill Publication, USA, pp. 33.1-33.24, 2001.
• 15. US Environmental Protection Agency, EPA (Compendium Method TO-14A). Determination of Volatile Organic Com­pounds (VOCs) in Ambient Air Using Specially prepared Canisters with Subsequent Analysis by Gas Chromatogra- phy, EPA 625/R-96/010b, Office of Research and Develop­ment, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, 1999.
• 16. KELLY T.J., HOLDREN M.W. Applicability of canisters for sample storage in the determination of hazardous air pol­lutants. Atmos. Environ. 29 (19), 2595, 1995.
• 17. ZIELINSKA B., FAUJITA E. Environmental Sampling for Trace Analysis. In: Markert, B. (Eds), Organic Gas Sampling, Federal Republic of Germany, pp. 163-184,1994.
• 18. CAMEL V., CAUDE M. Review: Trace enrichment meth­ods for the determination of organic pollutants in ambient air. J. Chromatogr. A. 710, 3, 1995.
• 19. HEO G.S., LEE J.H., KIM, D.W., LEE, D.W. Comparison of analytical methods for ozone precursors using adsorption tube and canister. Microchem J. 70, 275, 2001.
• 20. COUTANT R.W. Theoretical evaluation of stability of vola­tile organic chemicals and polar volatile organic chemicals in canisters, Final Report, U.S. EPA, Contract No. 68-DO- 0007, Battelle, Columbus, Ohio, 1993.
• 21. OCHIAI N., TSUJI A., NAKAMURA N., DAISHIMA S., CARDIN D.B. Stabilities of 58 volatile organic compounds in fused-silica-lined and SUMMA polished canisters under various humidified conditions. J. Environ. Monit. 4, 879, 2002.
• 22. BATTERMAN S.T., ZHANG G.Z., BAUMANN M. Analy­sis and stability of aldehydes and terpenes in electropolished canisters. Atmos. Environ. 32 (10), 1647, 1998.
• 23. PATE B., JAYANTY R.K.M., PETERSON M.R., EVANS G.F. Temporal stability of polar organic compounds in stain­less steel canisters. J. Air waste Manage. Assoc. 42 (4), 460, 1992.
• 24. WU C.H., FENG C.T., LO Y.S., LIN T.Y., LO J.G. Deter­mination of volatile organic compounds in workplace air by multisorbent adsorption/thermal desorption-GC/MS. Che­mosphere. 56, 71, 2004.
• 25. HARRINGTON D. Introduction to air toxics analyses. Technical Reference, Tekmar Dohrman. 2003. (http://www. teledynetekmar.com/documents/AIR-004.pdf.)
• 26. WINSLOW M.G., BOOTH M.B., ROBERTS D.F., HAR- LOS D.P. GC/MS measurement of 27 polar VOCs in can­isters. In: Proceedings, US. EPA/A&WMA International Symposium on the Measurements of Toxic and Related Air Pollutants, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.1995.
• 27. ZIELINSKA B, SAGEBIEL J.C., HARSHFIELD G., GERTLER A.W., PIERSON W.R. Volatile organic compounds up to C20 emitted from motor vehicles; measurement methods. Atmos Environ. 30 (12), 2269,1996.