In vitro differential sensitivity of Penicillium italicum causing postharvest rot to citrus fruits in Jordan to chemical fungicides and their combinations

• Autorzy: Kanan G J M , Al-Najar R.A.K.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Badania 'in vitro' nad wrazliwoscia grzyba Penicillium italicum, sprawcy zgnilizny owocow cytrusowych po okresie zbiorow w Jordanii na fungicydy oraz ich mieszaniny

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

In this study we evaluated "in vitro" the efficacy of six chemical fungicides and their mixtures as a strategy for the control of Penicillium italicum. The antifungal efficacy against four P. italicum isolates of thirty-one concentrations (0.01-3000 μg/ml) of each of the tested fungicides (Vydan, Blin exa, Canvil, Ranvil, Benomyl and Topsin M), in addition to six combined concentrations from each of ten fungicide mixtures were tested using agar well diffusion method. Regression analysis, one way ANOVA, and Post Hoc Multiple comparisons were carried out to test the significance of these treatments. Our results showed that benomyl completely inhibited the growth of tested isolates (Pi.1; Pi.3; Pi.5; and Pi.6) with MIC values of: 1000; 300; 150 and 40 μg/ml respectively. Canvil as compared to Blin exa, Ranvil and Vydan (no complete inhibition) showed high efficacy against isolates Pi.1 and Pi.5 (MIC values of 5 and 25 μg/ml respectively). The mixtures of Blin exa/Vydan and Topsin M/Canvil were the only mixtures that generated synergistic effects against tested isolates at all tested concentrations. The above mentioned mixtures showed at the first four tested combined concentrations (50:50, 100:100, 100:500 and 500:1000 μg/ml) either the largest inhibition zones (in the range of 47±1.40 mm to 51±1.49 mm) or complete inhibition of fungal growth at the last two (1000:1000 and 1000:2000 μg/ml) combined concentrations. The mixtures of Blin exa/Canvil and Blin exa/Ranvil as compared to the effect of each as singles showed additive effects against tested isolates. The mixtures of Benomyl/Vydan; Benomyl/Ranvil; Benomyl/Blin exa; Topsin/Vydan and Topsin/Blin exa (i. e. mixture of benzimidazole and DMI members) all generated antagonistic effects against tested isolates.

PL

Oceniano "in vitro" skuteczność sześciu fungicydów oraz ich mieszanin w zwalczaniu grzyba Penicillium italicum. Zbadano przeciwgrzybowe działanie w stosunku do czterech izolatów P. italicum trzydziestu jeden koncentracji (0.01-3000 μg/ml) każdego fungicydu z osobna (Vydan, Blin exa, Canvil, Ranvil, Benomyl i Topsin M) oraz sześciu koncentracji tych samych fungicydów zastosowanych w formie mieszanin, stosując metodę dyfuzji w agarze. Wykorzystano analizę regresji, jednokierunkową metodę ANOVA oraz wielokrotne porównania Post Hoc do oceny istotności różnic zastosowanych kombinacji. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań wykazały, że benomyl całkowicie hamował wzrost kolonii testowanych izolatów (Pi.1; Pi.3; Pi.5 oraz Pi.6) odpowiednio przy minimalnej inhibicyjnej koncentracji rzędu: 1000; 300; 150 i 40 μg/ml. Fungicyd Canvil w porównaniu do fungicydów Blin exa, Ranvil i Vydan (gdzie obserwowano brak całkowitej inhibicji wzrostu kolonii grzyba) wykazał wysoką skuteczność przeciwko izolatom Pi.1 oraz Pi.5, a wielkości minimalnej inhibicyjnej koncentracji wynosiły odpowiednio 5 i 25 μg/ml. Mieszaniny fungicydów Blin exa/Vydan oraz Topsin M/Canvil były jedynymi mieszaninami wykazującymi synergistyczne działanie we wszystkich zastosowanych koncentracjach przeciwko testowanym izolatom grzyba. Wyżej wymienione mieszaniny fungicydów zastosowane w przypadku czterech pierwszych koncentracji (50:50, 100:100, 100:500 oraz 500:1000 μg/ml) powodowały największą strefę zahamowania wzrostu kolonii patogena (w zakresie od 47±1.40 mm do 51±1.49 mm) lub całkowitą inhibicję dla dwóch ostatnich koncentracji (1000:1000 oraz 1000:2000 μg/ml) Porównując skuteczność mieszaniny fungicydów Blin exa/Canvil i Blin exa/Ranvil do skuteczności każdego z zastosowanych preparatów oddzielnie stwierdzono, że mieszaniny te wykazały addytywne działanie przeciwko badanym izolatom patogena. Mieszaniny fungicydów: Benonyl/Vydan; Benomyl/Ranvil; Benomyl/Blin exa; Topsin M/Vydan oraz Topsin M/Blin exa (jak na przykład mieszaniny benzymidazoli z prepararatami należącymi do grupy DMI) wykazywały antagonistyczne działanie w stosunku do testowanych izolatów P. italicum.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

control; Penicillium italicum; citrus fruit; plant protection; Jordan; chemical fungicide; fruit disease; postharvest disease; fungicide combination

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Journal of Plant Protection Research
• Rocznik: 2009
• Tom: 49
• Numer: 1
• Strony: 77-86
• Opis fizyczny: p.77-86,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Kanan G J M

• Mu'tah University, Karak-Jordan, P.O.Box

autor

Al-Najar R.A.K.

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