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Since the 1980's when the predominate focus of study and use of carotenoids in human nutritional formulations was solely on beta-carotene, there has been a steady increase in research aimed to understand the role of a wide variety of carotenoids in human health. This work has increasingly demonstrated the benefits of a number of carotenoids, and there has been a corresponding increase in the number of carotenoids provided in nutritional supplements (multicarotenoids). Numerous published observations in both human and animal studies suggest significant interaction and competition between various carotenoids during absorption and metabolism, resulting in the inhibition of uptake of one over the other. This competition has the end result of reducing the beneficial effects of the inhibited carotenoid. To limit such competition and maximize carotenoid uptakes, a layered beadlet was designed to release a defined ratio of carotenoids sequentially. Preliminary dissolution testing is presented showing the release profile in simulated digestive conditions of a combination of beta-carotene, alpha carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, lycopene and astaxanthin derived from natural sources. Comparison is made to an immediate release beadlet formulation using the same combination of carotenoids. These results will be used to guide proof of concept clinical testing for effectiveness in humans.
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p.35-38,fig.,ref.
Twórcy
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- Nutrilite Health Institute, Lakeview, California, USA
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Bibliografia
- Bierer TL, Merchen NR, Erdman JW (1995) Comparative absorption and transport of five common carotenoids in preruminant calves. J Nutr 125: 1569-1577.
- Blanck HM, Gillespie C, Kimmons JE, Seymour JD, Serdula MK (2008) Trends in fruit and vegetable consumption among US men and women, 1994-2005. Prev Chronic Dis 5: A35. http://www.cdc.gove/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0049.htm
- Cardinault N, Tyssandier V, Grolier P, Winklhofer-Roob B, Ribalta J, Bouteloup-Demange C, Rock E, Borel P (2003) Comparison of the postprandial chlymicron carotenoid responses in young and older subjects. Eur J Nutr 42: 315-323.
- di Mascio P, Murphy ME, Sies H (1991) Antioxidant defense systems: The role of carotenoids, tocopherols and thiols. Am J Clin Nutr 53: 194S-200S.
- Johnson EJ, Qin J, Krinsky NI, Russell RM (1997) Ingestion by men of a combined dose of beta-carotene and lycopene does not affect the absorption of beta-carotene but improves that of lycopene. J Nutr 127: 1833-1837.
- Maiani G, Caston MJP, Catasta G, Toti E, Cambrodon IG, Bysted A, Granada-Lorencio F, Olmedilla-Alonso B, Knuthesen P, Valoti M, Bohm V, Mayer-Mieback E, Behsnilian D, Schlemmer U (2009) Carotenoids: actual knowledge of food sources, intakes, stability and bioavailability and their protective role in humans. Mol Nutr Food Res 53: S194-S218.
- Mayne ST (1996) Beta-carotene, carotenoids and disease prevention in humans. FASEB J 10: 690-701.
- Nutrilite Health Institute (2010) America's Phytonutrient Report: Quantifying the Gap. http://www.nutrilite.com/en-us/Media/AmericaPhytonutrientReport.pdf
- Omenn GS, Goodman GE, Thornquist MD, Balmes J, Cullen MR, Glass A, Keogh JP, Meyskens FL Jr, Valanis B, Williams JH Jr, Barnhart S, Cherniack MG, Brodkin CA, Hammar S (1996) Effects of a combination of beta carotene and vitamin A on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 334: 1150-1155.
- O'Neill ME, Thurnham DI (1998) Intestinal absorption of beta-carotene, lycopene and lutein in men and women following a standard meal: response curves in the triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein fraction. Brit J Nutr 79: 149-159.
- Tysandier V, Cardinault N, Caris-Veyrat C, Amiot M-J, Grolier P, Bouteloup C, Azais-Braesco V, Borel B (2002) Vegetable-borne lutein, lycopene, and beta-carotene compete for incorporation into chylomicrons, with no adverse effect on the medium-term (3-wk) plasma status of carotenoids in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 75: 526-534.
- US Food and Drug Administration (2011) Dissolution Methods. http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/dissolution/
- WHO/FAQ Expert Consultation Report (2002) Diet, Nutrition and the prevention of chronic disease. WHO technical report series 916. Geneva, Jan 28-Feb 1. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/who_trs_916.pdf.
- van het Hof KH, West CE, Westerate JA, Hautvast GAJJ (2000) Dietary factors that affect the bioavailability of carotenoids. J Nutr 130: 503-506.
- van den Berg H (1998) Effect of lutein on beta-carotene absorption and cleavage Int J Vitam Nutr Res 68: 360-365.
- van den Berg H (1999) Carotenoid interactions. Nutr Rev 57: 1-10.
- Zaripheh S, Erdman JW (2002) Factors that influence the bioavailability of xanthophylls. J Nutr 132: 531S-534S.
- Applicable Patents and Applications:
- Omniactive Health Technologies (2002) European Patent EP 1 513 804 B1, Australian Patent AU 2002348718 B2, Novel Trans-Lutein Enriched Xanthophyll Ester Concentrate and a Process for its Preparation.
- Omniactive Health Technologies (2005) US Patent Pending US 2005/0095301 A1 - Novel Stable Beadlets of Lipophilic Nutrients.
- Omniactive Health Technologies (2010) Japan Patent Pending 2010-159276 - Novel Trans-Lutein Enriched Xanthophyll Ester Concentrate and a Process for its Preparation.
- Omniactive Health Technologies (2007) India Patent Pending - Novel Time Release Multi Carotenoid Composition and a Process for its Preparation. Application No: 2181/MUM/2007.
- Amway Corporation (2011) US Provisional Patent Application - Multicarotenoid Beadlets, AM1199.
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