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In the frame of EU common agricultural policy, applicant farmers shall receive subsidies for agricultural production. A producer receiving payments is required to meet the basic requirements for the maintenance of all farmland in good agricultural conditions consistence with environmental protection. Since 2009, applicant farmer is obliged to comply with standards adopted by Poland in the so-called cross-compliance requirements. Member States shall determine at the national level for Good Agricultural and Environmental Conditions (GAEC). Compliance with these standards, to maintain good agricultural practice is controlled selectively in the annual inspection campaigns conducted by the Agency for Restructuring and Modernization of Agriculture (ARMA). One of control method is Control with Remote Sensing (CwRS), method that involves the determination in satellite or aerial images boundaries of areas subject to subsidies. Experience in the use of remote sensing, however, indicate the potential for the use of processed satellite or air orthophotomaps not only for cropping delineation but also to verify certain elements of agricultural practices. During the CwRS routine, one could indicate a possible non-compliance issues directly on the image and thereby optimize the process of control. The studies indicated which of the requirements to maintain land in good agricultural conditions might be monitored with CwRS. The results of the series of experiments showed that both kind of aerial and satellite orthophoto can be consider as equivalent materials. Features or phenomenon spread over a large area or occurred point-wise are detectable in image easier than during field inspection. Also wherever access or visibility on the ground is limited due to the morphology complexity, road network, etc., orthophotomap provide better angle of view. Nevertheless, the ratio benefit/cost for managing the entire control on national level should be checked against the efficiency of field control.
Słowa kluczowe
Twórcy
autor
- Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography, Warsaw University of Technology, Pl. Politechniki 1, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland
autor
- Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography, Warsaw University of Technology, Pl. Politechniki 1, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland
autor
- Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography, Warsaw University of Technology, Pl. Politechniki 1, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland
autor
- Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography, Warsaw University of Technology, Pl. Politechniki 1, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland
Bibliografia
- Angileri V., 2011, The use of Remote Sensing to control GAEC, [in:] GAEC workshops materials, Vienna 3–5.10.2011 http://mars.jrc.ec.europa.eu/mars/News- Events/GAEC-workshop-2011/
- Angileri V., Kay S., Loudjani P., Skornicki H. & Van-Oost I., 2008, Implementation of the Farm Advisory System in Poland external JRC report Commission Regulation (EC) No 1122/2009 of 30.11.2009 laying down detailed rules for the implementation of Council Regulation (EC) No 73/2009 as regards cross-compliance, modulation and the integrated administration and control system, under the direct support schemes, Official Journal of the European Union. 2.12.2009, L 316/65.
- Council Regulation (EC) No 73/2009 of 19.01.2009 establishing common rules for direct support schemes for farmers under the common agricultural policy and establishing certain support schemes for farmers.
- Csonka B., Kristóf D., Lipták K., Kocsis A. & Kovács I., 2011, Introduction of water protection buffer strips as a GAEC measure in Hungary, using GIS and remote sensing support, [in:] GAEC workshops materials, Vienna 3–5.10.2011 http://mars.jrc.ec.europa.eu/mars/ News-Events/GAEC-workshop-2011/
- Dokumentacja przyrodnicza dla pakietów przyrodniczych w ramach programu rolno środowiskowego 2007–2013 [Documentation Of Natural Habitat For Packages Under Environmental Program 2007–2013], http://www. arimr.gov.pl.
- European Commission JRC, 2011a, Common Technical Specifications for the 2011 campaign of Remote Sensing Control of area based subsidies. http://mars.jrc. ec.europa.eu/Bulletins-Publications.
- European Commission JRC, 2011b, VHR Image Acquisition Specifications for the CAP Controls (CwRS and LPIS QA). http://mars.jrc.ec.europa.eu/mars/Bulletins- Publications/VHR-Specifications-2012.
- Korycińska A. 2010, Przyszłość cross-compliance w świetle dyskusji o systemie płatności bezpośrednich po 2013 [The future of cross-compliance in the light of the discussions about the system of direct payments after 2013], [in:] Workshop materials of Agricultural Advisory Centre, Radom.
- Lafforgue C. & Petitjean A., 2011, Good Agricultural and Environmental Condition in FRANCE, [in:] GAEC workshops materials, Vienna 3–5.10.2011 http://mars. jrc.ec.europa.eu/mars/News-Events/GAEC-workshop- 2011/
- Pyka K. & Świerczek P., 2005, Ortofoto dla odważnych, Doświadczenia Małopolskiej Grupy Geodezyjno-Projektowej z wykorzystania zdjęć lotniczych i satelitarnych do kontroli rolniczych dopłat obszarowych [Orthophoto for the brave. experience malopolska survey and design group on the use of aerial and satellite imagery for monitoring agricultural area payments], Geodeta 7 (122).
- Rossi L., Serafini C., Biscontini D., Tosi P., Ciabocco G. & Tiberi M., 2011, Defining buffer strips in Italy: results of preliminary tests, [in:] GAEC workshops materials, Vienna 3–5.10.2011 http://mars.jrc.ec.europa.eu/mars/ News-Events/GAEC-workshop-2011/
- Rozporządzenie Ministra Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi zmieniające rozporządzenie w sprawie minimalnych norm w tym wykaz obszarów zagrożonych erozją wodną, [Regulation of the minister of agriculture and rural development amending the regulation on minimum standards and the list of areas at risk of water erosion], Dziennik Ustaw z 13.03.2009 poz. 327.
- Tosi P., 2011, RS tools to monitor the retention of landscape features, [in:] GAEC workshops materials, Vienna 3–5.10.2011 http://mars.jrc.ec.europa.eu/mars/ News-Events/GAEC-workshop-2011/
- Wężyk P., Szostak M. & Tompalski P., 2009, Porównanie dokładności metody “Foto” z automatyczną analizą danych lotniczego skaningu laserowego dla celów kontroli dopłat bezpośrednich [Comparison of the accuracy of the PHOTO check method with automatic analysis based on ALS data for direct control of subsidy payment], Archiwum Fotogrametrii, Kartografii i Teledetekcji 20: 445–456.
- WikiCAP http://marswiki.jrc.ec.europa.eu/wikicap/index. php.
- Zasada wzajemnej zgodności. Minimalne normy, obszar A i B obowiązujący od 2011 [Cross-complience. Minimum standards, area A and B in force since 2011]. Brochure for farmers, materials of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, http://www.arimr.gov.pl/ fileadmin/pliki/kontrole/broszura_internetowa_2011. pdf.
- Zauner A., 2011, Good agricultural and environmental condition in Austria, [in:] GAEC workshops materials, Vienna 3–5.10.2011 http://mars.jrc.ec.europa.eu/mars/ News-Events/GAEC-workshop-2011/
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
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