Sex and age related habitat selection and mass dynamics of Daubenton's bats Myotis daubentonii (Kuhl, 1817) hibernating in natural conditions

• Autorzy: Kokurewicz T.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The selection of optimal hibernation temperature (TH) was possible by bats changing both the distance at which they roosted from the mine entrance (D) (TH versus D; r s= 0.73, n = 615, P < 0.001), and the height of hibernation place (H) (TH vs. H; r s= 0.16, n = 412, P < 0.01). Bats were able to select areas of high relative humidity (RH) by roosting in low temperature (RH vs. TH; r s= -0.26, n = 366, P < 0.001) and/or by selecting hibernation places situated lower on the mine walls (RH vs. H; r s= -0.61, n = 280, P < 0.001). Sub-adult bats (identified by presence of the black chin spot) were found to hibernate at significantly lower temperatures (Z = -3.1, n 1 = 164, n 2 = 41, P < 0.01) and in places situated lower on the mine walls (Z = -2.2, n 1 = 164, n 2, = 41, P < 0.05) than adult individuals. In March sub-adults hibernated closer to the entrance than adult individuals (χ2 = 8.18, d.f. = 1, P < 0.01). The difference in average body condition index between sub-adult and adult bats recorded in March (one-way ANOVA, F = 6.56, error d.f. = 51, P < 0.05) made individuals in their first year of life more prone to starvation at the end of hibernation period. In this month the significantly smaller distance of hibernation place of sub-adult individuals from the mine entrance (Z = -2.7, n 1 = 58, n 2, = 19, P < 0.01), resulted in significantly lower hibernation temperature, making them more endangered by predation of mammalian and avian species than adult bats hibernating deeper in the mine. The linear (r = 0.87, d.f. = 30, P < 0.001) relationship between body mass at the beginning and end of hibernation (November and March) of uniquely marked individuals indicates these bats did not forage in winter and their energy use was exclusively dependent on fat reserves accumulated prior to hibernation. The significant relationship between body mass in November and total mass loss (r = 0.59, d.f. = 30, P < 0.001) could indicate the possibility of existence of another factor, or group of factors, that could increase the energy use in hibernating M. daubentonii. These may include mating and/or energy costly defence against predators.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Chiropterologica
• Rocznik: 2004
• Tom: 06
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: p.121-144,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Kokurewicz T.

• Department of Zoology and Ecology, Agricultural University of Wroclaw, Kozuchowska 5b, 51 631 Wroclaw, Poland

Bibliografia

• Anthony, E. L. P. 1988. Age determination in bats. Pp. 47-58, in Ecological and behavioral methods for the study of bats (T. H. Kunz, ed.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C., 533 pp.
• Avery, M. I. 1985. Winter activity of pipistrelle bats. Journal of Animal Ecology, 54: 721-738.
• Bagrowska-Urbańczyk, E., and Z. Urbańczyk. 1983. Structure and dynamics of a winter colony of bats. Acta Theriologica, 28: 183-196.
• Bekker, J. P. 1988. Watervleermuis Myotis daubentoni als prooi van steenmarter Martes foina in ondergrondse mergelgroeven. Lutra, 31: 82-85.
• Bezem, J. J., J. W. Sluiter, and P. F. van Heerdt. 1960. Population statistics of five species of the genus Myotis and one of the genus Rhinolophus, hibernating in the caves of S. Limburg. Archives Néerlandaises de Zoologie, 13: 511-539.
• Bilke, P. (1978): Winterquartier von Myotis myotis im Bodengeröll. Nyctalus (N.F.), 2: 74 [not seen, cited after Nagel and Nagel, 1991].
• Bogdanowicz, W. 1990. Geographic variation and taxonomy of Daubenton’s bat, Myotis daubentoni, in Europe. Journal of Mammalogy, 71: 205-218.
• Bogdanowicz, W. 1992. Sexual dimorphism in size of the skull in European Myotis daubentoni (Mammalia: Chiroptera). Pp. 17-25, in Prague studies in mammalogy (I. Horáček and V. Vohralík, eds.). Charles University Press, Praha, xxi + 1-245.
• Bogdanowicz, W. 1994. Myotis daubentonii. Mammalian Species, 475: 1-9.
• Bogdanowicz, W., and Z. Urbańczyk 1983. Some ecological aspects of bats hibernating in city of Poznań. Acta Theriologica, 28: 371-385.
• Brigham, M. R. 1987. The significance of winter activity by the big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus): the influence of energy reserves. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65: 1240-1242.
• Burbank, R. C., and J. Z. Young. 1934. Temperature changes and winter sleep of bats. Journal of Physiology, 82: 459-467.
• Burnett, C. D. 1983. Geographic and secondary sexual variation in the morphology of Eptesicus fuscus. Annals of Carnegie Museum, 52: 139-162.
• Burnett, C. D., and T. H. Kunz. 1982. Growth rates and age estimation in Eptesicus fuscus and comparison with Myotis lucifugus. Journal of Mammalogy, 63: 33-41.
• Daan, S. 1973. Activity during natural hibernation in three species of vespertilionid bats. Netherlands Journal of Zoology, 23: 1-71.
• Davis, W. H., and H. B. Hitchcock. 1965. Biology and migration of the bat, Myotis lucifugus, in New England. Journal of Mammalogy, 46: 296-313.
• Entwistle, A. C., P. A. Racey, and J. R. Speakman. 1998. The reproductive cycle and determination of sexual maturity in male brown long-eared bats, Plecotus auritus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Journal of Zoology (London), 244: 1-63.
• Ewing, W. G., Studier, E. H., and M. J. O’Farrell (1970. Autumn fat deposition and gross body composition in three species of Myotis. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 36: 119-129.
• Fabiszewski, J. 1985. Szata roślinna. Pp. 191-235, in Karkonosze Polskie (A. Jahn, ed.). Polska Akademia Nauk, Wrocław, 566 pp.
• Fenton, M. B. 1970. Population studies of Myotis lucifugus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Ontario. Life Sciences Contributions Royal Ontario Museum, 77: 1-34.
• Findley, J. S. 1970. Phenetic relationships in the genus Myotis. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 40: 26-29.
• Gaisler, J. 1966. A tentative ecological classification of colonies of the European bats. Lynx, 6: 35-39.
• Gaisler, J. 1970. Remarks on the thermopreferendum of Palearctic bats in their natural habitats. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 40: 33-36.
• Geiger, H., M. Lechnert, and C. Kallasch. 1996. Zur Alterseinstufung von Wasserfledermäusen (Myotis daubentoni) mit Hilfe des Unterlippenflecks (‘chin-spot’). Nyctalus (N.F.), 6: 23-28.
• Griffin, D. R. 1986. Listening in the dark. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, xv + 415 pp.
• Harmata, W. 1973. The thermopreferendum of some species of bats (Chiroptera) in natural conditions. Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, 332, Prace Zoologiczne, 19: 127-141.
• Harmata, W. 1985. The length of awakening time from hibernation of three species of bats. Acta Theriologica, 30: 321-323.
• Harmata, W. 1987. The frequency of winter sleep interruptions in two species of bats hibernating in limestone tunnels. Acta Theriologica, 32: 331-332.
• Harrje, C. 1994. Etho-ökologische Untersuchung der ganzjährigen Aktivitt von Wasserfledermäusen (Myotis daubentoni Kuhl, 1819) am Winterquartier. Mitteilungen Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft Schaffhausen, 39: 15-52.
• Herreid, C. F. 1963. Survival of a migratory bat at different temperatures. Journal of Mammalogy, 44: 431-433.
• Hock, R. J. 1951. The metabolic rates and body temperatures of bats. Biological Bulletin, 101: 289-299.
• Johnson, S. A., V. Brack, and R. E. Rolley. 1998. Overwinter weight loss of Indiana bats (Myotis sodalis) from hibernacula subject to human visitation. The American Midland Naturalist, 139: 255-261.
• Jones, G., and T. Kokurewicz. 1994. Sex and age variation in echolocation calls and flight morphology of Daubenton’s bats Myotis daubentonii. Mammalia, 58: 41-50.
• Kokurewicz, T. 1990. Hibernation of two age classes of Myotis daubentoni (Kuhl, 1819) in the nature reserve “Nietoperek” (W Poland) and effect of microclimate on cluster formation. Bat Research News, 31: 43.
• Kokurewicz, T. 1991. Materiały do chiropterofauny Polskich Karkonoszy. Prace Karkonoskiego Towarzystwa Naukowego, 53: 104-116.
• Kokurewicz, T. 1995. Increased population of Daubenton’s bat Myotis daubentoni (Kuhl, 1819) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Poland. Myotis, 32-33: 155-161.
• Kokurewicz, T. 1999. Hibernation ecology of Daubenton’s bat Myotis daubentonii (Kuhl, 1817). Ph.D. Thesis, Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, 141 pp.
• Kokurewicz, T., and J. Bartmańska. 1992. Early sexual maturity in males of Daubenton’s bat (Myotis daubentoni (Kuhl, 1819) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae); field observations and histological studies on the genitalia. Myotis, 30: 95-108.
• Kokurewicz, T., and N. Kováts. 1989. Interpopulation differences in thermopreferendum of the lesser horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus hipposideros Bechstein, 1800 (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) in selected areas of Poland and Hungary. Myotis, 27: 131-137.
• Kondracki, J. 1981. Geografia fizyczna Polski. PWN, Warszawa, 464 pp.
• Krzanowski, A. 1961. Weight dynamics of bats wintering in the cave at Puławy (Poland). Acta Theriologica, 4: 249-264.
• Kuipers, B., and S. Daan. 1970. “Internal migration” of hibernating bats: response to seasonal variation in cave microclimate. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 40: 51-55.
• Kunz, T. H. 1982. Roosting ecology. Pp. 1 —46, in Ecology of bats (T. H. Kunz, ed.). Plenum Press, New York, 425 pp.
• Kunz, T. H., J. A. Wrazen, and C. D. Burnett. 1998. Changes in body mass and fat reserves in prehibernating little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus). Ecoscience, 5: 8-17.
• Kurskov, A. N. 1981. Rukokrylye Belorussii. Nauka i Technika, Minsk, 136 pp.
• Lemaire, M., J. J. Chaut, and L. Arthur. 1994. 400 cadavres dans un site d’hibernation pollue. Pp. 129-133, in Actes des Cinquièmes Recontres Nationales ‘Chauves-Souris’. Muséum d’Histoire de Bourges et Societé Française pour l’Ètude et la Protection des Mammifères, Bourges.
• Lesiński, G. 1986. Ecology of bats hibernating underground in Central Poland. Acta Theriologica, 31: 507-521.
• Lesiński, G 1990. Changes in numbers of Myotis daubentoni (Kuhl, 1819) in autumn shelters and the effect of disturbance. Acta Theriologica, 35: 364-368.
• Lundberg, K., and R. Gerell. 1986. Territorial advertisement and mate attraction in the bat Pipistrellus pipistrellus. Ethology, 71: 115-124.
• Masing, M. 1987. Zimnee peredviženie rukokrylych meždu ubežiščami. Učonye Zapiski Tartuskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta 769, Trudy po Zoologii, 15: 41-60 [not seen, cited after Bogdanowicz, 1994].
• McNab, B. K. 1974. The behavior of temperate cave bats in a subtropical environment. Ecology, 55: 943-958.
• Nagel, A., and R. Nagel. 1991. How do bats choose optimal temperatures for hibernation? Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 99 A: 323-326.
• Nyholm, E. S. 1965. Zur Ökologie von Myotis mystacinus (Leisl.) und Myotis daubentoni (Leisl.) (Chiroptera). Annales Zoologici Fennici, 2: 77-123.
• Park, K. J., G Jones, R. D. Ransome. 1999. Winter activity of a population of greater horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum). Journal of Zoology (London), 248: 419-427.
• Park, K. J., G Jones, R. D. Ransome. 2000. Torpor, arousal and activity of hibernating greater horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum). Functional Ecology, 14: 580-588.
• Petit, E. 1998. Population structure and post-glacial history of the noctule bat Nyctalus noctula (Chiroptera, Mammalia). Ph.D. Thesis, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitt Erlangen-Nrnberg, 105 pp.
• Piasecki, J. 1997. Thermal periods of the year (1951-80). Map no. 48, in The atlas of Silesia. Wrocław University, Wrocław, 117 maps.
• Průcha, M., and V. Hanzal. 1989. Some aspects of hibernation of bats wintering in the Bohemian Karst (central Bohemia, Czechoslovakia). Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Biologica, 33: 315-333.
• Racey, P. A., and J. R. Speakman. 1987. The energy costs of pregnancy and lactation in heterothermal bats. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London, 57: 107-125.
• Racey, P. A., S. M. Swift, J. Rydell, and L. Brodie. 1998. Bats and insects over two Scottish rivers with contrasting nitrate status. Animal Conservation, 1: 195-202.
• Radzicki, G., Hejduk, J., and J. Bańbura. 1999. Tits (Parus major and Parus caeruleus) preying upon hibernating bats. Ornis Fennica, 76: 93-94.
• Ransome, R. D. 1968. The distribution of the greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, during hibernation, in relation to environmental factors. Journal of Zoology (London), 154: 77-112.
• Ransome, R. D. 1971. The effect of ambient temperature on the arousal frequency of the hibernating Greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, in relation to site selection and the hibernation state. Journal of Zoology (London), 164: 353-371.
• Ransome, R. D. 1985. Homeostatic control of body food reserves in hibernating greater horseshoe bats. Bat Research News, 26: 70.
• Ransome, R. D. 1990. The natural history of hibernating bats. Christopher Helm, London, xxi + 235 pp.
• Richardson, P. W. 1994. A new method of distinguishing Daubenton’s bats (Myotis dauhentonii) up to one year old from adults. Journal of Zoology (London), 223: 307-344.
• Roer, H. 1969. Zur Ernhrungsbiologie von Plecotus auritus (L.) (Chiroptera). Bonner Zoologische Beiträge, 20: 378-383.
• Romanowski, J., and G Lesiński. 1988. Kuny polują na nietoperze. Wszechświat, 89 (9): 210.
• Ryberg, O. 1947. Studies on bats and bat parasites. Bokförlaget Svensk Natur, Stockholm, 330 pp.
• Speakman, J. R. 1991. Daubenton’s bat Myotis daubentoni. Pp. 108-111, in The handbook of British mammals (G. B. Corbet and S. Harris, eds.). Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 588 pp.
• Speakman, J. R. 1997. Factors influencing the daily energy expenditure of small mammals. Proceedings of Nutrition Society, 56: 1119-1136.
• Speakman, J. R., and P. A. Racey. 1986. The influence of body condition on sexual development of male brown long-eared bats (Plecotus auritus) in the wild. Journal of Zoology (London), 210: 515-525.
• Speakman, J. R., and P. A. Racey. 1989. Hibernal ecology of the pipistrelle bat: energy expenditure, water requirements and mass loss, implications for survival and the function of winter emergence flights. Journal of Animal Ecology, 58: 797-813.
• Speakman, J. R., and P. A. Racey. 1991. No cost of echolocation for bats in flight. Nature, 350 (6317): 421-423.
• Speakman, J. R., and A. Rowland. 1999. Preparing for inactivity: how insectivorous bats deposit a fat store for hibernation. Proceedings of Nutrition Society, 58: 123-131.
• Speakman, J. R., Webb, P. I., and P. A. Racey. 1991. Effects of disturbance on the energy expenditure of hibernating bats. Journal of Applied Ecology, 28: 1087-1104.
• Stebbings, R. E. 1966. A population study of bats of the genus Plecotus. Journal of Zoology (London), 150: 53-75.
• Stephens, D. W. 1981. Logic of risk-sensitive forging preferences. Animal Behaviour, 29: 628-629.
• Strelkov, P. P. 1962. The peculiarities of reproduction in bats (Vespertilionidae) near the northern border of their distribution. Pp. 306-311, in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Methods of Mammalogical Investigation, Brno, Czechoslovakia, 1960 (J. Kratochvíl and J. Pelikán, eds.). Československá Akademie Věd, Praha, 383 pp. [not seen, cited after Bogdanowicz, 1994].
• Strelkov, P. P. 1969. Migratory and stationary bats (Chiroptera) of the European part of the Soviet Union. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 14: 393-439.
• Thomas, D. W. 1995. Hibernating bats are sensitive to nontactile human disturbance. Journal of Mammalogy, 76: 940-946.
• Thomas, D. W. and F. Geiser. 1997. Periodic arousals in hibernating mammals: is evaporative water loss involved? Functional Ecology, 11: 585-591.
• Thomas, D. W., D. Cloutier, and D. Gagne. 1990a. Arrythmic breathing, apnea and non-steady state oxygen uptake in hibernating little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus). Journal of Experimental Biology, 149: 395-406.
• Thomas, D. W., M. Dorais, and J. M. Bergeron. 1990b. Winter energy budgets and cost of arousals for hibernating little brown bats, Myotis lucifugus. Journal of Mammalogy, 71: 475-479.
• Tryjanowski, P. 1997. Food of the stone marten (Martes foina) in Nietoperek Bat Reserve. Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde, 62: 318-320.
• Twente, J. W. 1955. Some aspects of habitat selection and other behaviour of cavern dwelling bats. Ecology, 36: 706-732.
• Twente, J. W., and V. Brack. 1985. The duration of the period of hibernation of three species of vespertilionid bats. I. Field studies. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63:2952-2954.
• Twente, J. W., J. Twente, and V. Brack. 1985. The duration of the period of hibernation of three species of vespertilionid bats. II. Laboratory studies. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63: 2955-2961.
• Urbańczyk, Z. 1981. Fledermäuse (Chiroptera) in der Nahrung des Marders (Martes sp.). Säugetierkundliche Mitteilungen, 29: 77-79.
• Urbańczyk, Z. 1991. Hibernation of Myotis daubentoni and Barbastella barbastellus in Nietoperek bat reserve. Myotis, 29: 115-120.
• Webb, P. I., J. R. Speakman, and P. A. Racey. 1996. How hot is a hibernaculum? A review of the temperatures at which bats hibernate. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 74: 761-765.
• Whitaker, J. O., Jr., R. K. Rose, and T. M. Padgett. 1997. Food of the red bat Lasiurus borealis in winter in the great dismal swamp, North Carolina and Virginia. The American Midland Naturalist, 137: 408-411.
• Williams, C. B. 1939. An analysis of four years captures of insects in a light trap. Part 1. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 89: 79-132 [not seen, cited after Ransome, 1968].