Past, current and potential resources of carbon and above-ground plant biomass in the landscape with heaths in some selected areas of the Tuchola Forest

• Autorzy: Jastrzebski M. , Nienartowicz A. , Deptula M. , Bubnicki J.W. , Domin D.J.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Applying the GIS technologies, historical and contemporary cartographic materials, data coming from the forest inventory and indices of biomass state, the total biomass and biomass for individual layers of forest and non-forest phytocoenoses, the real and potential biomass was assessed, as well as current and potential carbon resources in that biomass in four nature objects. The investigated objects were characterized by different spatial size, as well as by different intensity of human economic activities and different status of nature conservation. Those were: the Tuchola Forest National Park, the Zaborski Landscape Park, as well as the areas of the so-called (forest) demesne of Zabory and the (field) demesne of Tuchola in the former District (Starosty) of Tuchola. In the case of both demesnes, the biomass state was assessed, as well as the extent of its displacement caused by economic human activities, both nowadays and in the past, i.e. for the year 1796 and 2008. The smallest difference in the state of potential and actual biomass was recorded in the National Park. The loss here amounted to 28.44%. The biggest differences occurred in the field demesne in 1796. The loss here reached 76.47%. It was also observed that nowadays the loss slightly decreased, reaching the level of 73.97%. In the demesne of Zabory, the increase of biomass state was considerably higher during the discussed period. In 1796, when heaths and poor xerothermic meadows covered relatively large areas and were exploited as sheep’s grazing lands, the biomass loss amounted here to 69.32% and in 2008 to 51.87%. The increase of biomass state and at the same time the reduction in biomass losses, calculated in relation to the potential, was brought here about mainly by establishing the Prussian Forest Inspectorate Zwangshof in 1890 and by afforestation of agricultural and fallow lands, which was done by Polish forest inspectorates in the 20th century, particularly during several years after the 2nd World War.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Ecological Questions
• Rocznik: 2010
• Tom: 13
• Opis fizyczny: p.9-27,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Jastrzebski M.

• Laboratory of Ecological Processes Modelling, Institute of Ecology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 9, 87-100 Torun, Poland

autor

Nienartowicz A.

• Laboratory of Ecological Processes Modelling, Institute of Ecology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 9, 87-100 Torun, Poland

autor

Deptula M.

• Laboratory of Ecological Processes Modelling, Institute of Ecology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 9, 87-100 Torun, Poland

autor

Bubnicki J.W.

• Laboratory of Ecological Processes Modelling, Institute of Ecology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 9, 87-100 Torun, Poland

autor

Domin D.J.

• Departament of Urban and Recreation Studies, Institute of Geography, Faculty of Biology and Earth Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 9, 87-100 Torun, Poland

Bibliografia

• Adamczak B., Luścińska M., Oleksowicz A.S. & Rejewski M., 1979, The primary production of the lake Tynwałd, Acta Univ. Nicolai Copernici, Limnological Papers 11: 3-9.
• Barcikowski A., 1992, Differentiation in the structure and energy flow in phytocenoses with primary and secondary succession, [in:] R. Bohr, A. Nienartowicz, J. Wilkoń-Michalska (eds.), Some ecological processes of the biological systems in North Poland, Nicolaus Copernicus University Press, Toruń: 35-58.
• Barcikowski A., 1996, Biomass and chlorophyll of photosynthesizing organs of plant communities in secondary succession in pine forest habitat, Photosynthetica 32(1): 63-76.
• Barcikowski A. & Loro P., 1993, Straty w produkcji pierwotnej brutto ekosystemów leśnych wywołane zabiegami gospodarczymi w aspekcie “efektu cieplarnianego” [Losses in gross primary production of forest ecosystems due to man’seconomic activity in the aspect of the „greenhouse effect”, [in:] M. Rejewski, A., Nienartowicz, M. Boiński (eds.), Bory Tucholskie: Walory przyrodnicze - problemy ochrony - przyszłość (materiały pokonferencyjne) [Tuchola Forests: Natural value - Conservation problems - Future (post-conference papers) Wyd. UMK, Toruń: 270-282.
• Barcikowski A. & Loro P., 1995, Biomasa igliwia oraz cech dendrometryczne samosiewów sosny (Pinus sylvestris L.) młodszych klas wieku, rozwijającej się na siedlisku boru świeżego [Needle biomass and dendrometrical features of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) natural regeneration seedlings of younger age classes, growing on a fresh coniferous forest site], Sylwan CXXXIX(2): 53-62.
• Biskup M. & Tomczak A., 1955, Mapy województwa pomorskiego w drugiej połowie XVI w., I. Rozmieszczenie własności ziemskiej, II. Sieć parafialna [Maps of the Pomerania province in the latter half of the 16th century, I. Distribution of land ownership, II. Parish network], Roczniki Towarzystwa Naukowego w Toruniu 58(1): 1-180.
• Crumley C. L, 1993, Historical Ecology: Cultural Knowledge and Changing Landscapes, Santa Fe, NM.
• Deptuła M., 2006, Influence of the past economy on the structure, carbon accumulation and species diversity of forest tree stands and phytocenoses, Ecological Questions 7: 57-68.
• Dygdała J., 2005, Lustracja województw Prus Królewskich 1765, t. I: Województwo pomorskie, cz. 3: Powiaty świecki, tucholski i człuchowski [Inspection of provinces in Royal Prussia 1765, vol. I: the Pomerania province, part 3: Poviats (districts) of Świecie, Tuchola and Człuchów], TNT Fontes 94, Wyd. UMK, Toruń.
• Dzięciołowski R., 1970, Biomasa runa leśnego oraz podszytów jako potencjalna baza pokarmowa zwierząt roślinożernych [Biomass of herb layer and understorey plants as potential food resources for herbivorous animals], Fol. Forest. Pol., Ser. A, Leśnictwo 16: 69-90.
• Dzięciołowski R., 1971, Sytuacja troficzna populacji jeleni w zależności od warunków środowiskowych [Trophic situation of deer populations in relation to environmental conditions], PWRiL, Warszawa.
• Erb K.-H., 2004., Land-use related changes in aboveground carbon stocks of Austria’s terrestial ecosystems, Ecosystems 7: 563-572.
• Erb K.-H., Gingrich S., Krausmann F. & Haberl H., 2008, Industrialization, fossil fuels, and the transformation of land use: An Integrated Analysis of Carbon Flows in Austria 1830-2000, Journal of Industrial Ecology 12 (5/6): 686-703. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2008.00076.x
• Gert J. N., Schedelhass M. J., Mohrens G. & Field Ch. B., 2003, Temporal evolution of the European forest sector carbon sink from 1950 to 1999, Global Change Biology 9: 152-160.
• Giampietro M., Cerretelli G. & Pimentel D., 1992, Energy analysis of agricultural ecosystem management: Human return and sustainability, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 38: 219-244.
• Giampietro M. & Pimentel D., 1991, Energy analysis models to study the biophysical limits for human exploitation of natural processes, [in:] C. Rossi, E. Tiezzi (eds.), Ecological Physical Chemistry, Proceedings of an International Workshop, 8-12 November 1990, Siena, Italy: 139-184.
• Gingrich S., Erb K.-H., Krausmann F., Gaube V. & Haberl H., 2007, Long-term dynamics of terrestrial carbon stocks in Austria: a comprehensive assessment of the time period from 1830 to 2000, Reg. Environ Change, DOI 10.1007/s10113-007-0024-6. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-007-0024-6
• Haberl H., Erb K-H. & Krausmann F., 2007a, Human Appropriation of net primary production (HANPP), Institute of Social Ecology, Klagenfurt University Vienna, Austria, Retrieved from: Internet Encyclopaedia of Ecological Economics http://www.ecoeco.org/publica/encyc.htm at 15 December 2008.
• Haberl H., Erb K.-H., Krausmann F., Gaube V., Bondeau A., Plutzar Ch., Gingrich S., Lucht W. & Fischer-Kowalski M., 2007b, Quantifying and mapping the human appropriation of net primary production in earth’s terrestrial ecosystems, The National Academy of Sciences of the USA 104(31): 12942-12947.
• Haberl H., Erb K-H., Krausmann F., Loibl W., Schulz N. & Weisz H., 2001, Changes in ecosystem process induced by land use: Human appropriation of aboveground NPP and its influence on standing crop in Austria, Global Biogeochemical Cycles 15(4): 929-942.
• Haberl H. & Geissler S., 2000. Cascade utilization of biomass: strategies for a more efficient use of a scarce resource, Ecological Engineering 16: 111-121.
• Haberl H., Krausmann F., Erb K.-H. & Schulz N. B., 2002, Human Appropriation of Net Primary Production, Science 14 June 2002 (296): 1968-1969.
• Jagielska A., 2008, Zastosowanie markerów genetycznych w identyfikacji gatunkowej modrzewia europejskiego (Larix decidua Mill.) i japońskiego (Larix kaempferi Sorg.) oraz ich mieszańców [Application of genetic markers in species identification of European and Japanese larch and their hybrids], Leśne Prace Badawcze [Forest Research Papers] 69(1): 21-25.
• Johnson A. W. & Earle T., 1987, The Evolution of Human Societies: From Foraging Group to Agrarian State, Stanford, CA.
• Johnson W. C. & Sharpe D. M., 1982, The ratio of total to merchantable forest biomass and its application to the global carbon budget, Can. J. For. Res. 13: 372-383.
• Johnston M. H., Homann P. S., Engstrom J. K. & Grigal D. F., 1996, Changes in ecosystem carbon storage over 40 years on an old-field/forest landscape in east-central Minnesota, Forest Ecology and Management 83: 17-26. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(96)03704-8
• Kratochwil Z., 1981, Klucz zaborski w komturstwie tucholskim i starostwie tucholskim w latach 1330-1772 [The Teutonic Commanders’ Demesne and Starosty Demesne, Zabory - in Tuchola Land, during 1330-1772], Rocznik Gdański XLI, 1981(1): 89-131.
• Krzysik F., 1978, Nauka o drewnie [Wood science], PWN, Warszawa.
• Kwiatkowska A. J. & Dudziec J., 1974, Zmienność przestrzenna stanu biomasy części nadziemnej runa w rezerwacie Grabowy w Puszczy Kampinoskiej [Spatial variability of the state biomass of the above-ground part of the field layer in the „Grabowy” reservation of the Kampinos Forest], Phytocoenosis 3(1/2): 43-68.
• Kunz M., Nienartowicz A., Deptuła M., 2000, The use of satellite remote sensing imagery for detection of secondary forests on post-agricultural soils: A case study of Tuchola Forest, Northern Poland, [in:] J. L. Casanova (ed.), Remote Sensing in the 21st Century. Economic and Environmental Applications, Proceedings of the 19th EARSeL Symposium on Remote Sensing in the 21st Century/Valladolid/Spain/31 May - 2 June 1999, A.A. Balkema/Rotterdam/Blookfield: 61-66.
• Laurow Z., 1966, Kompleksowe użytkowanie arbomasy [Comprehensive exploitation of arbomass], Wyd. Świat, Warszawa.
• Lieth H., 1975, Primary productivity of the major vegetation units of the world, [in:] H. Lieth, R. H. Whittaker (eds.), Primary productivity of biosphere, Ecol. Stud. 14, Springer - Verlag, New York: 203-231.
• Łaska G., 2007, Tendencje dynamiczne zbiorowisk zastępczych w Puszczy Knyszyńskiej [Dynamic tendencies of the secondary communities in the Knyszyńska Forest], Bogucki Wyd. Naukowe, Poznań.
• Matuszkiewicz J. M. & Kozłowska A. B., 1981, Założenia teoretyczne, metody i technika wykonywania przeglądowej mapy potencjalnej roślinności naturalnej (na przykładzie badań fizjologiczno-kartograficznych na Wysoczyźnie Siedleckiej) [Grundsätze, Methoden und Kartierungsverfahren der Übersichtskarte der poteniell natürlichen Vegetation (am Beispiel einer Vegetationskartierung im Naturraum „Wysoczyzna Siedlecka” d.h. „Landrücken von Siedlce” im Ostpolen], Fragm. Flor. Geobot. XXVI(1-2): 171-211.
• Matuszkiewicz W., Faliński J. B., Kostrowicki A. S., Matuszkiewicz J. M., Olaczek R. & Wojterski T. (eds.), 1995, Potencjalna roślinność naturalna Polski, mapa przeglądowa 1:300 000 [Potential natural vegetation of Poland. General map 1 : 300,000], Polska Akademia Nauk, Instytut Geografii Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania, Wojskowe Zakłady Kartograficzne, Warszawa.
• Mikulski K., 1984, Osadnictwo wiejskie województwa pomorskiego od połowy XVI do końca XVII wieku [Ländliches Siedlungswesen in der Pommerellischen Wojewodschaft von der Mitte des 16. bis Ende des 17. Jh.], Roczniki Towarzystwa Naukowego w Toruniu 86(2): 1-214.
• Murillo-Rodriquez J. C., 1994, The carbon budget of the Spanish forests, Biochemistry 34: 1-21.
• Murillo-Rodriquez J. C., 1997, Temporal variations in the carbon budget of forest ecosystems in Spain, Ecological Applications 7(2): 461-469.
• Nienartowicz A., 1992, Man’s energy impact to the formation and functioning of landscape, [in:] R. Bohr, A. Nienartowicz, J. Wilkoń-Michalska (eds.), Some ecological processes of the biological systems in North Poland, Nicholas Copernicus University Press, Toruń: 17-33.
• Nienartowicz A., 1993, Metabolizm kulturowy na wybranych obszarach Zaborskiego Parku Krajobrazowego [Culture metabolizm of selected areas of Zaborski Landscape Park], [in:] M. Rejewski, A. Nienartowicz, M. Boiński (eds.), Bory Tucholskie: Walory przyrodnicze - problemy ochrony - przyszłość (materiały pokonferencyjne) [Tuchola Forests. Natural Value - Conservation Problems - Future (post-conference papers)], Wyd. UMK, Toruń: 305-328.
• Nienartowicz A., 1996, Energetyka dużych systemów ekologicznych [Energetics of large ecological systems], Wyd. UMK, Toruń.
• Nienartowicz A., 1999, Zastosowanie metod energetyki ekologicznej do oceny ekorozwoju na obszarach leśnych [The application of ecological energetics methods for quantification of sustainability in forest areas], [in:] A. Barcikowski, M. Boinski, A. Nienartowicz (eds.), Wielofunkcyjna rola lasu: Ochrona przyrody - Gospodarka - Edukacja, IV Konferencja Naukowa w Borach Tucholskich [Multifunctional role of forest: Protection of Nature - Economy - Education, IV Scientific Conference in Tuchola Forest], Toruń - Funka 7 - 10.10.1999, UMK, O.W. „TURPRESS”, Toruń: 111-121.
• Nienartowicz A., 2002, Energetyczny bilans zagospodarowania ekosystemów w różnych warunkach krajobrazowych na obszarze leśnych kompleksów promocyjnych: Ocena stopnia zrównoważenia gospodarki leśnej metodami energetyki ekologicznej [Energy balance of ecosystems development in different landscape conditions in promotional forest complexes: Evaluation of forestry sustainability by ecological energetics methods], manuscript., UMK, Toruń.
• Nienartowicz A. & Barcikowski A., 1996, Wykorzystanie energii słonecznej przez fitocenozy leśne jako wskaźnik ich zrównoważenia ekologicznego [Utilization of Solar energy by forest phytocenoses as indicators of their ecological equilibrium], Sylwan CXL(1): 71-80.
• Nienartowicz A., Deptuła M. & Domin D. J., 2008, Zmiany w przepływie energii przez wybrane jednostki go spodarcze w kluczu zaborskim od XIV do XVIII w. [Cultural energy consumption and human influence on the structure of landscape in the Zabory Demesne in the 15th - 18th c.], Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej 2008(3-4): 375-395.
• Nienartowicz A., Domin D. J., 2007, Cultural energy consumption versus landscape structure, Ecological Questions 8: 3-23.
• Nienartowicz A., Domin D. & Kunz M., 2003, Influence of social infrastructure extension and changes in inhabitants’ lifestyle on energy consumption in the village Asmus (Northwestern Poland), Ecological Questions 3: 139-152.
• Nienartowicz A., Filbrandt-Czaja A., Deptuła M. & Boiński M., 1998, Changes in land use and their effect on species diversity and above-ground standing crop in the surroundings of lake Milachowo, [in:] S. Borsuk (ed.) Research of the lakes in national parks and other protected areas, II Int. Scientific Conference, Inst. Wyd. Habitat, Bydgoszcz: 20-31.
• Nienartowicz A., Kunz M., Deptuła M. & Domin D., 2002, Ecological consequences of changes in landscape structure in the neighbourhood of Brusy in 19th and 20th century, Ecological Questions 1: 117-135.
• Nishizono T., Iehara T., Kuboyama H. & Fukuda M., 2005, A forest biomass yield table based on an empirical model, J. For. Res. 10: 211-220.
• Oleksowicz A. S., 1980, Zbiorowiska glonów planktonowych i epifitonowych w trzech limnologicznie zróżnicowanych jeziorach obszaru Borów Tucholskich, Rozprawa doktorska [Planctonic and epiphytic algal communities in three limnologically different lakes of Tuchola Forest area, Doctoral Thesis], UMK, Toruń.
• Oleksowicz A. S., 1986, Planctonic and epiphytic algal communities in three limnologically different lakes of Tuchola Forest area, II. Characteristics of components, seasonal quantitative changes and species diversity, Acta Univ. Nicolai Copernici, Limnological Papers 15: 49-73.
• Orzeł S., Socha J., Forgiel M. & Ochał W., 2000, Struktura biomasy podszytu występującego w drzewostanach Puszczy Niepołomickiej [Undergrowth biomass structure in the stands of Niepołomicka Forest], Sylwan CXLIX( 4): 40-47.
• PNBT, 2009, http:// www.park.borytucholskie.info, Official homepage of Tuchola Forest National Park, Information about National Park, map and log, Consulted at 21-08-2009.
• Rejewski M., 1981, Roślinność jezior rejonu Laski w Borach Tucholskich [Lake vegetation of the Laska region in the Tuchola Forest], Wyd. UMK, Toruń.
• Ryszkowski L., 1984, Ekologiczne zasady kształtowania obszarów wiejskich [Ecological rules for development of rural areas], Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej 1/84: 16-22.
• Schandl H. & Schultz N., 2002, Changes in the United Kingdom’s natural relations in terms of society’s metabolism and land-use from 1850 to the present day, Ecological Economics, Special Section: European Environmental History and Ecological Economics 41: 203-221. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8009(02)00031-9
• Smith J. E., Heath L. S. & Jenkins J. C., 2003, Forest volume-to-biomass models and estimates of mass for live and standing dead trees of U.S. forest, General Technical Report, United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Retrieved from: http://www.uvm.edu/~jcjenkin/smith%20et%20al.%202003.pdf at 1 July 2009.
• Szymański S., 1970, Ukształtowanie niepielęgnowanych drzewostanów sosnowych I i II klasy wieku pod wpływem procesu naturalnego wydzielania się drzew [Development of untended pine tree stands of I and II age class under the influence of the process of natural isolation of trees], Prace Komisji Nauk Rolniczych i Komisji Nauk Leśnych PTPN 30: 289-306.
• Szymkiewicz B., 2001, Tablice zasobów i przyrostu drzewostanów ważniejszych gatunków drzew leśnych [Tables of resources and stand increment of major forest tree species], PWRiL, Warszawa.
• Titlyanova A. A. & Kosykh N. P., 2000, Changes in plant cover and net primary production in the forest-steppe zone of West Siberia, [in:] P. S. White, L. Mucina, J. Lepš (eds.), Vegetation science in retrospect and perspective, Proceedings of the 41st IAVS Symposium, 26 July-1 August 1998, Uppsala: 279-282.
• Vitousek P. M., Ehrlich P. R., Erlich A. H. & Matson P. A., 1986, Human Appropriation of the Products of Photosynthesis, BioScience 36(6): 368-373. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1310258
• Vitousek P. M., Mooney H. A., Lubchenco J. & Melillo J. M., 1997, Human Domination of Earth’s Ecosystems, Science 277(5325): 494-499.
• Weisz H., Fischer-Kowalski M., Grünbühel C. M., Haberl H., Krausmann F. & Winiwarter V., 2001, Global Environmental Change and Historical Transitions, Innovation 14(2): 117-142.
• Whittaker R. H., 1975, Communities and ecosystems, 2nd edition, Macmillan, New York.
• Wilkoń-Michalska J., Lipnicki L., Nienartowicz A. & Deptuła M., 1998, Rola porostów w funkcjonowaniu borów sosnowych [The role of lichens in functioning of pine forests], [in:] K. Czyżewska (ed.), Różnorodność biologiczna porostów [Lichen biological diversity], Wyd. UŁ, Łódź: 103-121.
• Wilkoń-Michalska J., Nienartowicz A., Kunz M. & Deptuła M., 1999, Old land-use maps as a basis for interpreting of the contemporary structure of forest communities in Zabory Landscape Park, Phytocoenosis 11: 139-154.
• Williams M., 2000, Dark Ages and Dark Areas: Global Deforestation in the Deep Past, Journal of Historical Geography 26(1): 28-46.
• Wright D. H., 1990, Human impacts on the energy flow through natural ecosystems, and implications for species endangerment, Ambio 19(4): 189-194.
• Zaborski B., 1932, O mapie Prus Królewskich i Książęcych Schröttera [About the Schrötter’s map of Royal and Ducal Prussia], Sprawozdania z Czynności i Posiedzeń Polskiej Akademii Umiejętności XXXVII(10): 32.
• Zaborski B., 1935, Kaszuby na przełomie XVIII i XIX wieku w świetle mapy Schröttera-Engelhardta z lat 1796-1802 [Die Kaschubei am Anfang des XIX. Jahrhunderts im Lichte der Karte von Schrötter-Engelhardt A.D. 1796-1802], Wiadomości Służby Geograficznej 18: 239-262.
• ZPK, 2009, http://www.zaborypark.eco.pl Zaborski Park Krajobrazowy, Official homepage of Zaborski Landscape Park. Information about Landscape Park, map and log.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.2478/v10090–010–0012–1