Zrození státního úředníka na příkladu krajského hejtmana v Čechách

• Autorzy: Helena Sedláčková

Warianty tytułu

EN

The birth of a state clerk on the example of a regional governor in Bohemia

• Języki publikacji: CS

Abstrakty

EN

The presented study focuses on the main milestones which occurred mostly during the second half of the 18th century and which resulted in the transformation of the office of the regional governor - which was established in the Middle Ages - into the bureaucratized and the lowest body of the state administration. In the Renewed Land Ordinance of 1627, the regional governors were counted among the provincial clerks. Their transformation into state clerks constituted a long-term process which was started during the reign of Maria Theresa and completed during the reign of Joseph II . Although certain indications of attributes characteristic of the state clerks could be observed for regional governors already earlier (an oath to the ruler, instructions, a salary, an approval of his absence in the office), until the reform of the regional offices in 1751, strong ties with the estates existed which were ensured through the fact that the regional governors used to be chosen from among the members of the lordly or knightly estates in the given region. It was not until the rescript of January 23, 1751 that this tradition was violated. Henceforth, there was only one regional governor and since 1782, he did not have to be of noble origin. Since 1751, the regional governor also had to leave his estate and to relocate to a fixed regional town in another region where he headed the regional office which was gradually being enlarged by other qualified personnel. The salary was covered from the means of the state. During the second half of the 18th century, especially since the 1780’s, other benefits connected with the post of a state clerk (such as pension or vacation) started to be embedded in legal norms.

EN

Thanks to the fact that the regional governor was put on an equal footing with governorate councilors in 1783 and that he automatically gained the title of the governorate councilor two years later, he became a part of the hierarchy of the state clerks. The completion of this process came in the form of incorporating the regional governors into the fixed rank and salary brackets accompanied by the right to wear a uniform of a clerk was introduced in 1814. Preconditions for obtaining the post of the regional governor were no longer the nobility origin, but expertise, an emphasis on practical skills from the field of the state administration and the required moral qualities; the regional governor started to be considered as an important member of a newly formed social class labeled as bureaucracy.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

regional governors; bureaucracy; public officers; employee vacations; lodging houses; career of a clerk; education; equality of the estates; conduit charters; rank brackets; clerical uniform

CS

krajští hejtmani; byrokracie; státní úředníci; dovolená na zotavenou; penziony; kariéra úředníka; vzdělání; rovnost statků; vedení charty; řadové závorky; duchovní uniforma

• Wydawca: Institute of History, Czech Academy of Sciences
• Czasopismo: Folia historica Bohemica
• Rocznik: 2019
• Tom: 34
• Numer: 1
• Strony: 5-21
• Rodzaj publikacji: ARTICLE

Twórcy

autor

Helena Sedláčková

• Folia historica Bohemica, redakce, Historický ústav AV ČR, v.v.i., Prosecká 76, 190 00 Praha 9, Czech Republic

unknown

Daniela Reischlová

• Folia historica Bohemica, redakce, Historický ústav AV ČR, v.v.i., Prosecká 76, 190 00 Praha 9, Czech Republic