Influence of Inter-Set Stretching on Strength, Flexibility and Hormonal Adaptations

• Autorzy: Antônio Claudio Souza , Claudio Melibeu Bentes , Belmiro Freitas de Salles , Victor Machado Reis , José Vilaça Alves , Humberto Miranda , Jefferson da Silva Novaes
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Adequate levels of strength and flexibility are important for the promotion and maintenance of health and functional autonomy as well as safe and effective sports participation. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of 8 weeks of strength training with or without inter-set static stretching on strength, flexibility and hormonal adaptations of trained men. Sixteen trained men were randomly divided into 2 groups: the static stretching group (SSG) and passive interval group (PIG). All participants performed 24 training sessions 3 times a week. The test and retest of 8RM, strength, flexibility, cortisol and growth hormone concentration in pre and post test conditions were also evaluated. To compare the differences between and within groups in pre- and post-training tests, ANOVA with repeated measures was performed (SSGpre x SSGpost; PIGpre x PIGpost; SSGpost x PIGpost). An alpha level of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant for all comparisons. Both groups showed significant increases in strength (SSGpre vs. SSGpost; PIGpre vs. PIGpost) in the same exercises for leg extension (LE) and Low Row (LR). Specifically, in the SSG group, the parameters for LE were (p = 0.0015 and ES = 2.28 - Large), and the parameters for LR were (p = 0.002 and ES = 1.95 - Large). Moreover, in the PIG group, the parameters for LE were (p = 0.009 and ES = 1.95 - Large), and the parameters for LR were (p = 0.0001 and ES = 2.88 - Large). No differences were found between the groups (SSGpost vs. PIGpost). Both groups showed significant increases in flexibility but in different joints (SSGpre vs. SSGpost; PIGpre vs. PIGpost). In the SSG group, only three joints showed significant increases in flexibility: shoulder extension (p = 0.004 and ES = 1.76 - Large), torso flexion (p = 0.002 and ES = 2.36 - Large), and hip flexion (p = 0.001 and ES = 1.79 - Large). In the PIG group, only three joints showed increases in flexibility: horizontal shoulder abduction (p = 0.003 and ES = 2.07 - Large), hip flexion (p = 0.001 and ES = 2.39 - Large), and hip extension (p = 0.02 and ES = 1.79 - Large). In-between group analyses (SSGpost x PIGpost) revealed differences in two joints: shoulder extension (p = 0.001) and horizontal shoulder abduction (p = 0.001). Hormonal profiles showed no significant differences in cortisol secretion or growth hormone concentration. In conclusion, both studied strength protocols (with and without inter-set static stretching) resulted in flexibility and strength gains without an effect on the anabolic and catabolic hormonal profile.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

strength performance; static stretching; cortisol; growth hormone; flexibility

• Czasopismo: Journal of Human Kinetics
• Rocznik: 2013
• Tom: 36
• Numer: 1
• Strony: 127-135

Daty

wydano

2013-03-01

online

2013-04-13

Twórcy

autor

Antônio Claudio Souza

• Research Center for Sport, Health, and Human Development (CIDESD). University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal,

autor

Claudio Melibeu Bentes

• Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. School of Physical Education and Sports. Rio de Janeiro – Brazil

autor

Belmiro Freitas de Salles

• Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. School of Physical Education and Sports. Rio de Janeiro – Brazil

autor

Victor Machado Reis

• Research Center for Sport, Health, and Human Development (CIDESD). University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal

autor

José Vilaça Alves

• Research Center for Sport, Health, and Human Development (CIDESD). University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal

autor

Humberto Miranda

• Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. School of Physical Education and Sports. Rio de Janeiro – Brazil

autor

Jefferson da Silva Novaes

• Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. School of Physical Education and Sports. Rio de Janeiro – Brazil

Bibliografia

• American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM´s position stand. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2011; 43: 1334-1359[WoS]
• American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM´s position stand. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 1998; 30(6): 975-991[WoS]
• American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2009; 34(2): 364-380
• American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM´s position stand. Exercise and physical activity for older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2009; 41 (7): 1510-1530
• American College of Sports and Medicine. ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription (7th ed). Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins; 2006
• Bacurau RF, Monteiro GA, Ugrinowitsch C, Tricoli V, Cabral LF, Aoki MS. Acute effect of a ballistic and a static stretching exercise bout on flexibility and maximal strength. J Strength Cond Res, 2009; 23: 304-308[PubMed][Crossref][WoS]
• Beckett JR, Schneiker KT, Wallman KE, Dawson BT, Guelfi KJ. Effects of static stretching on repeated sprint and change of direction performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2009; 41: 444-450[WoS][Crossref][PubMed]
• Behm DG, Button DC, Butt JC. Factors affecting force loss with prolonged stretching. Can J Appl Physiol, 2001; 26(3): 261-72[PubMed]
• Caruso JF, Coday MA. The combined acute effects of massage, rest periods, and body part elevation on resistance exercise performance. J Strength Cond Res, 2008; 22: 575-582[Crossref][PubMed]
• Dalrymple KJ, Davis SE, Dwyer GB, Moir GL. Effect of static and dynamic stretching on vertical jump performance in collegiate women volleyball players. J Strength Cond Res, 2010; 24(1): 149-55[PubMed][Crossref]
• Garcia-Lopez D, Izquierdo M, Rodriguez S, Gonzalez-Calvo G, Sainz N, Abadia O, Herrero AJ. Interset stretching does not influence the kinematic profile of consecutive bench-press sets. J Strength CondRes, 2010; 24: 1361-1368
• Gomes TM, Simão R, Marques MC, Costa PB, Novaes JS. Acute effects of two different stretching methods on local muscular endurance performance. J Strength Cond Res, 2011; 25: 745-752[Crossref][PubMed]
• Kokkonen J, Nelson AG, Eldredge C, Winchester JB. Chronic static stretching improves exercise performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2007; 39(10): 1825-31[PubMed][Crossref]
• Little T, Williams AG. Effects of differential stretching protocols during warm-ups on high-speed motor capacities in professional soccer players. J Strength Cond Res, 2006; 20: 203-207[PubMed]
• Mikolajec K, Waskiewicz Z, Maszczyk A, Bacik B, Kurek P, Zając A. Effects of stretching and strength exercises on speed and power abilities in male basketball players. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 2012; 20: 61-69[WoS]
• Mohamad NI, Nosaka K, Cronin J. Maximizing Hypertrophy: Possible Contribution of Stretching in the Interset Rest Period. Strength Cond J, 2011; 33(1): 81-7[WoS][Crossref]
• Nelson AG, Kokkonen J, Arnall DA. Acute muscle stretching inhibits muscle strength endurance performance. J Strength Cond Res, 2005; 19(2): 338-43[WoS][PubMed]
• Nobrega AC, Paula KC, Carvalho AC. Interaction between resistance training and flexibility training in healthy young adults. J Strength Cond Res, 2005; 19(4): 842-6[PubMed]
• Rhea MR. Determining the magnitude of treatment effects in strength training research through the use of the effect size. J Strength Cond Res, 2004; 18(4): 918-20[PubMed]
• Salles BF, Maior AS, Polito M, Novaes J, Alexander J, Rhea M, Simão R. Influence of rest interval lengths on hypotensive response after strength training sessions performed by older men. J Strength Cond Res, 2010; 24: 3049-3054[PubMed][Crossref]
• Salles BF, Simão R, Miranda F, Novaes Jda S, Lemos A, Willardson JM. Rest interval between sets in strength training. Sports Med, 2009; 39: 765-777[PubMed][Crossref]
• Shrier I. Does stretching improve performance? A systematic and critical review of the literature. Clin J SportMed, 2004; 14(5): 267-73[Crossref]
• Simão R, Farinatti Pde T, Polito MD, Maior AS, Fleck SJ. Influence of exercise order on the number of repetitions performed and perceived exertion during resistance exercises. J Strength Cond Res, 2005; 19: 152-156[PubMed][WoS]
• Simão R, Lemos A, Salles B, Leite T, Oliveira E, Rhea M, Reis VM. The influence of strength, flexibility, and simultaneous training on flexibility and strength gains. J Strength Cond Res, 2011; 25: 1333-1338[WoS][Crossref][PubMed]
• Yamaguchi T, Ishii K. Effects of static stretching for 30 seconds and dynamic stretching on leg extension power. J Strength Cond Res. 2005; 19(3): 677-83[PubMed]

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.2478/hukin-2013-0013