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2021 | 70 | 3 | 15-56

Article title

Toward Theatrical Communitas

Authors

Content

Title variants

PL
Ku teatralnej communitas

Languages of publication

Abstracts

PL
Pojęcie communitas, wprowadzone do dyskursu antropologicznego przez Victora Turnera pod koniec lat 60. XX wieku, powróciło do debaty humanistycznej u progu XXI wieku za sprawą Roberta Esposito. Niniejszy esej przywraca zmarginalizowaną przez Esposito antropologiczną tradycję w myśleniu o tym, co wspólne. Autorka podkreśla znaczenie procesualności i antystrukturalności egalitarnych form bycia razem oraz ich potencjał wyzwalania kreatywności. Analizując relację między munus a ludus, ukazuje teatralność jako immanentną właściwość communitas. Skupienie na estetycznych i twórczych aspektach wspólnotowości pozwala odsłonić i nazwać wiele jej form oraz scharakteryzować rozmaite modele teatralnej communitas. Autorka wskazuje na nienormatywny i transformacyjny potencjał teatru eksperymentalnego (Jerzy Grotowski, Sarah Kane, Ron Athey, Krzysztof Garbaczewski), by podkreślić kolektywny, efemeryczny i ekscesywny charakter teatru wymykającego się ekonomii rynku, a także uwydatnić znaczenie transwersalnej communitas, w której człowiek jest tylko jednym z wielu aktorów. Niektóre wątki argumentacji zostały rozwinięte w umieszczonej w aneksie rozmowie z Leszkiem Kolankiewiczem.
EN
The term communitas, introduced into anthropological discourse by Victor Turner in the late 1960s, returned to humanist debates at the threshold of the twenty-first century by way of Roberto Esposito. Referring to Esposito’s concept of communitas, this essay brings out the anthropological tradition in thinking about the common, which Esposito had marginalized. The present author emphasized the importance of processuality and antistructural dimensions of egalitarian forms of togetherness, along with their potential to liberate human capacities of creativity. Examining the relation between munus and ludus, she shows theatricality residing immanently in the root of communitas. Focusing on the aesthetic and creative dimensions of togetherness helps in detecting multiple forms of commonality, and indicates various models of theatrical communitas. Exploring a nonnormative, transformative potential in experimental theater (Jerzy Grotowski, Sarah Kane, Ron Athey, Krzysztof Garbaczewski), she emphasizes collective, temporal, and excessive natures of theater that eschews the market-driven economy, along with the importance of a transversal communitas where the human being is only one of many actors. Some threads of the argumentation are expanded upon in a conversation with Leszek Kolankiewicz, included as an appendix.

Year

Volume

70

Issue

3

Pages

15-56

Physical description

Dates

published
2021

Contributors

References

  • Artaud, Antonin. The Theatre and Its Double. Translated by Mary Caroline Richards. New York: Grove Press, 1958.
  • Bataille, Georges. On Nietzsche. Translated by Bruce Boone. New York: Paragon House, 1994.
  • Duvignaud, Jean. Le don du rien: Essai d‘anthropologie de la fête. Paris: Téraèdre, 2012.
  • Esposito, Roberto. Communitas: The Origin and Destiny of Community. Translated by Timothy Campbell. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2009.
  • Fischer-Lichte, Erika. “Einleitung: Zur Aktualität von Turners Studien zum Übergang vom Ritual zum Theater.” In Victor Turner, Vom Ritual zum Theater: Das Ernst des menschlichen Spiels, translated by Sylvia M. Schomburg-Scherff, i–xxiii. Frankfurt: Campus Bibliothek, 2009.
  • Goodman, Paul, and Percival Goodman. Communitas: Ways of Livelihood and Means of Life. New York: Vintage Books, 1947.
  • Grotowski, Jerzy. “Święto.” Odra, no. 6 (1972): 47–51.
  • Haraway, Donna. “Cyborgs at Large.” Interview by Constance Penley and Andrew Ross. Social Text, no. 25/26 (1990): 8–23.
  • Haraway, Donna J. Staying with the Trouble: Making Kin in the Chthulucene. Durham: Duke University Press, 2016.
  • Kolankiewicz, Leszek. “Świntuch, bluźnierca, pantokrator, guru, heretyk, Grotowski.” Accessed June 6, 2021. http://re-sources.uw.edu.pl/reader/swintuch-bluznierca-pantokrator-guru-heretyk-grotowski/.
  • Malinowski, Bronislaw. The Sexual Life of Savages in North-Western Melanesia: An Ethnographic Account of Courtship, Marriage, and Family Life Among the Natives of the Trobriand Islands, British New Guinea. New York: Eugenics Publishing Company, 1929.
  • Markowski, Wojtek. “VR, Theatre and the Importance of Immersion.” Interview by Ágnes Karolina Bakk. ZipScene Magazin, April 1, 2020, https://zip-scene.com/2020/04/01/vr-theatre-and-the-importance-of-immersion/.
  • Mauss, Marcel. The Gift: Forms and Functions of Exchange in Archaic Societies. Translated by Ian Cunnison. London: Cohen & West, 1966.
  • Muñoz, José Esteban. Cruising Utopia: The Then and There of Queer Futurity. New York: New York University Press, 2009.
  • Nancy, Jean-Luc. Being Singular Plural. Translated by Robert D. Richardson and Anne E. O’Byrne. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000.
  • Sajewska, Dorota. “Ciało-pamięć, ciało-archiwum.” Didaskalia, no. 127/128 (2015): 48–56.
  • Schechner, Richard. “The Decline and Fall of the (American) Avant-Garde: Why It Happened and What We Can Do About It.” Performing Arts Journal 5, no. 2 (1981): 48–63.
  • Sierz, Aleks. In Yer-Face Theatre: British Drama Today. London: Faber and Faber, 2000.
  • Turner, Victor. Dramas, Fields, and Metaphors: Symbolic Action in Human Society. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1974.
  • Turner, Victor. From Ritual to Theatre: The Human Seriousness of Play. New York: PAJ Publications, 1982.

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

Biblioteka Nauki
34112057

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.ojs-doi-10_36744_pt_846
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