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2024 | 45 | 2 | 245-258

Article title

Time of Agreements in Joseph Conrad’s An Outcast of the Islands

Content

Title variants

PL
Czas umów w Wyrzutku Josepha Conrada

Languages of publication

Abstracts

PL
Artykuł bada temporalny aspekt umów międzyludzkich w powieści Josepha Conrada Wyrzutek oraz w nawiązaniu do tezy Johna M. Taggarta o nierealności czasu. Realizowanie kontraktów jest formą panowania nad czasem. Skoro jednak, jak głosił współczesny Conradowi brytyjski filozof John M. McTaggart w dziele Nierzeczywistość czasu, czas nie jest częścią realnego świata, to kontrakty zawierane między ludźmi również nie są rzeczywiste. Kontrakty handlowe, umowy cywilnoprawne, dżentelmeńskie i małżeńskie, choć dotyczą spraw bardzo ważnych i brzemiennych w skutki, są swoistą farsą właśnie ze względu na swój aspekt czasowy. Zawieranie sojuszy i branie na siebie odpowiedzialności za ich realizację okazuje się w świetle teorii McTaggarta działaniem nie tylko umownym, ale także niebezpiecznie ambiwalentnym.
EN
This article examines the temporality of human agreements on the basis of Joseph Conrad’s novel, An Outcast of the Islands, and in reference to John M. Taggart’s thesis about the unreality of time. The execution of contracts is a mastery over time, but since, as Conrad’s contemporary, the philosopher J.M. McTaggart proclaimed in his work The Unreality of Time, time is not part of the real world, contracts cannot be so either. Commercial contracts, civil contracts, gentlemen’s agreements, and marriage contracts – although they concern very specific matters that are fraught with consequences and they are a kind of farce precisely because of their temporal aspect. Making alliances and taking up responsibilities turns out to be, in the light of McTaggarts’s theory, not only a contractual, but also hazardously ambivalent action, because it never stops time, nor does it lead to eternal duration, but contradicts it entirely. From such a perspective, knowledge of the explicit and hidden terms of the contract becomes more important than the struggle for its duration.

Year

Volume

45

Issue

2

Pages

245-258

Physical description

Dates

published
2024

Contributors

  • Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego

References

  • Bergson, H. (1910) Time and Free Will: An Essay on the Immediate Data of Consciousness. Trans. F. L. Pogson. London: Allen & Unwin.
  • Bernstein, J. A. (2012). “‘No Audible Tick’: Conrad, McTaggart, and the Revolt against Time.” The Conradian, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 32–45. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/23264493. Accessed 11. March 2023
  • Conrad, J. An Outcast of the Islands. (2016). Ed. Allan H. Simmons. The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Joseph Conrad. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Davies, L. (2017). Introduction and Notes. [In:] Wells, H. G. The Time Machine and Other Works. Ware, UK: Wordsworth Editions.
  • Henderson, L. D. (1983). The Fourth Dimension and Non-Euclidean Geometry in Modern Art. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
  • Lothe, J. (1989). Conrad's Narrative Method. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Martin, J. J. (1974). EDWARD GARNETT AND CONRAD’S RESHAPING OF TIME. Conradiana, 6(2), 89–105. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24641846 Accessed 11 March 2023
  • McTaggart, J.E. (1893). “Time and the Hegelian Dialectic”. Mind, 2(8): 490–504.
  • McTaggart, J.E. (1908). “The Unreality of Time”. Mind, 17(68): 457–474.
  • Najder, Z. (2007). Joseph Conrad: A Life. Translated by Halina Najder. New York: Camden.
  • Peters, J.G. (2000). Joseph Conrad’s “Sudden Holes” in Time: The Epistemology of Temporality. Studies in the Novel 32 (4), 420-441. http://www.jstor.org/stable/29533413 Accessed 11. March 2023
  • Throesch, E. L. (2017). Before Einstein: The Fourth Dimension in Fin-de-Siècle Literature and Culture. Anthem Nineteenth-Century Series. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1jktqh1.4 Accessed 11. March 2023
  • Tooley, M. (ed.) (1999). Time and Causation. Analytical Metaphysics Series. New York&London: Garland Publishing Inc.

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

Biblioteka Nauki
37549330

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.ojs-doi-10_35765_pk_2024_4502_18
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