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2022 | 20 | 2 | 79-88

Article title

Overtourism: The Impact of Tourism on Madeira’s Social and Economic Environment

Content

Title variants

PL
Overtourism: wpływ turystyki na środowisko społeczne i gospodarcze Madery

Languages of publication

Abstracts

PL
Zasadniczy cel prezentowanych w artykule analiz stanowi identyfikacja zjawisk i konsekwencji towarzyszących zjawisku overtourismu w wymiarze gospodarczym (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem problematyki energetycznej) oraz społecznym, w odniesieniu do portugalskiej wyspy Madera. Punkt wyjścia do rozważań obejmuje przegląd zagadnień określających ramy teoretyczne „nadmiernej turystyki”, a także omówienie najważniejszych uwarunkowań determinujących rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy Madery. Następnie zaprezentowano wyniki badań własnych obejmujących autorską analizę danych zastanych dotyczących produkcji energii elektrycznej, przyrostu populacji i liczby udzielonych noclegów oraz wyniki badań ankietowych przeprowadzonych w kwietniu 2021, zarówno wśród stałych mieszkańców, jak i turystów odwiedzających wyspę. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują m.in., że na każdy wzrost liczby noclegów o 1% wzrasta produkcja energii elektrycznej o 0,597%; każdemu wzrostowi liczby mieszkańców o 1% odpowiada wzrost produkcji energii elektrycznej o 5,617%. Jednocześnie dane o liczbie mieszkańców wskazują na zbliżone do zera tempo wzrostu populacji, a co za tym idzie wyższy poziom konsumpcji będzie pochodził z sektora turystycznego. W oparciu o uzyskane wyniki badań ankietowych zidentyfikowano natomiast kluczowe obszary problemowe (obejmujące chociażby zagadnienia związane z poczuciem lokalnej tożsamości, bezpieczeństwem czy relacjami turystów i mieszkańców), dokonano oceny wielkości ruchu turystycznego, a także sformułowano szereg refleksji i rekomendacji pozwalających na ograniczanie negatywnych skutków „nadmiernej turystyki”.
EN
The main goal of the analyses presented in the article is to identify the phenomena and consequences concomitant with the phenomenon of overtourism in the economic (with particular emphasis on energy) and social dimensions, regarding the Portuguese island of Madeira. The starting point for considerations includes a review of the issues that define the theoretical framework of “excessive tourism”, as well as a discussion of the most important determinants of the socio-economic development of Madeira. Then, the results of own research are presented, including the original analysis of existing data on electricity production, population growth and the number of overnight stays, as well as the results of a survey conducted in April 2021, among both permanent residents and tourists visiting the island. The obtained results indicate, among others, that for each increase in the number of overnight stays by 1%, the production of electricity increases by 0.597%; and for every 1% increase in the number of inhabitants, there is a 5.617% increase in electricity production. At the same time, the data on the number of inhabitants indicates a population growth rate close to zero, and thus a higher level of consumption will come from the tourist sector. Based on the results of the survey, key problem areas have been identified (including, for example, issues related to the sense of local identity, security or relations between tourists and residents). The volume of tourist traffic has also been assessed, and a number of reflections and recommendations have been formulated to limit the negative effects of “excessive tourism”.

Year

Volume

20

Issue

2

Pages

79-88

Physical description

Dates

published
2022

Contributors

author
  • Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Poland
author
  • Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Poland
  • University of Madeira, Portugal

References

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  • Claudio and Marina Novelli and Joseph M. Cheer. 2019. “Overtourism and Tourismphobia: A Journey Through Four Decades of Tourism Development, Planning and Local Concerns”. Tourism Planning & Development, 16:4, 353-357. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2019.1599604
  • Colomb, Claire, and Johannes Novy. 2016. Protest and Resistance in the Tourist City. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315719306.
  • Dodds, Rachel, and Richard Butler. 2019. Overtourism: Issues, realities and solutions. Berlin - Boston: De Gruyter Oldenbourg. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110607369-001.
  • Dodds, Rachel, and Richard W. Butler. 2019. “Introduction.” In Overtourism. Issues, realities and solutions, edited by Rachel Dodds and Richard W. Butler, 1-5. Berlin - Boston: De Gruyter Oldenbourg. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110607369-001.
  • Dredge, Dianne, “Overtourism” Old Wine in New Bottles? De Gruyter: Berlin, Germany, 2017. Accessed April 2022. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/overtourism-old-wine-new-bottles-dianne-dredge/
  • DREM (Direção Regional de Estatística da Madeira). 2022. In 2021 - Electricity production increased by 4.9% compared to the previous year. Accessed March 15, 2022. https://estatistica.madeira.gov.pt/en/download-now-3/economic/energia-gb/energia-ee-gb/eletric-energy/energia-ee-noticias-gb/3286-04-02-2022-in-2021-the-electricity-production-in-the-autonomous-region-of-madeira-increased-by-4-9-compared-to-the-previous-year.html?highlight=WyJyZW5ld2FibGUiXQ==.
  • Higgins-Desbiolles, Freya, Sandro Carnicelli, Chris Krolikowski, Gayathri Wijesinghe and Karla Boluk. 2019. “Degrowing tourism : rethinking tourism”. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 27(12): 1926-1944. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2019.1601732.
  • Ismeri Europa. 2011. Growth Factors in the Outermost Regions: Final Report. European Brussels, Belgium. Commission. Volume II. Accessed March 15, 2022. https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/studies/pdf/rup_growth/rup_growth_vol2_en.pdf.
  • Jankowska, Anna, Katarzyna Rutkowska, and Konrad Rutkowski. 2014. Madera. Przewodnik ilustrowany. [Madeira. Illustrated guide]. Bielsko-Biała: Wydawnictwo Pascal.
  • Majdak, Piotr, and Antonio Manuel Martins de Almeida. 2022. “Pre-Emptively Managing Overtourism by Promoting Rural Tourism in Low-Density Areas: Lessons from Madeira.” Sustainability 14(2): 757. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020757.
  • Majdak, Piotr, Antonio Manuel Martins de Almeida, and Anna Nowakowska. 2021a. “Smart Island and Sustainable Tourist Development with the example of Madeira. Part 1: Theoretical Contexts and Development Conditions.” European Research Studies Journal XXIV(4B): 421-432. https://doi.org/10.35808/ersj/2666.
  • Majdak, Piotr, Antonio Manuel Martins de Almeida, and Anna Nowakowska. 2021b. “Smart Island and Sustainable Tourist Development with the Example of Madeira. Part 2: Analysis of Expectations of Local Community and Tourists.” European Research Studies Journal XXIV(4B): 507-522. https://doi.org/10.35808/ersj/2672.
  • Majdak, Piotr. 2019. Rozwój zrównoważony i innowacje w turystyce. [Sustainable development and innovation in tourism]. Warszawa: Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego J. Piłsudskiego w Warszawie.
  • Martín Martín, José M., Jose M. Guaita Martínez, and José A. Salinas Fernández. 2018. “An Analysis of the Factors behind the Citizen’s Attitude of Rejection towards Tourism in a Context of Overtourism and Economic Dependence on This Activity.” Sustainability 10(8): 2851. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10082851.
  • Milano, Claudio, Joseph M. Cheer, and Marina Novelli. 2018. “Overtourism is becoming a major issue for cities across the globe.” The Conversation 18 July 2018. http://theconversation.com/overtourism-agrowing-global-problem-100029.
  • Milano, Claudio. 2018. “Overtourism, Malestar Social Y Turismofobia. Un Debate Controvertido.” PASOS Revista De Turismo Y Patrimonio Cultural 16(3): 551-564. https://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2018.16.041.
  • Pasquinelli, Cecilia, Trunfio, M. 2020. Reframing urban overtourism through the Smart-City Lens, Cities 102 / 102729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.102729.
  • UNWTO (United Nations World Tourism Organization). 2018. ‘Overtourism’? – Understanding and Managing Urban Tourism Growth beyond Perceptions, Executive Summary. Madrid: UNWTO. https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284420070.
  • UNWTO (United Nations World Tourism Organization). 2019. ‘Overtourism’? – Understanding and Managing Urban Tourism Growth beyond Perceptions, Volume 2: Case Studies. Madrid: UNWTO. https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284420629.
  • Velasco González, María, and José M. Ruano. 2021. “The Crossfire Rhetoric. Success in Danger vs. Unsustainable Growth. Analysis of Tourism Stakeholders’ Narratives in the Spanish Press (2008–2019).” Sustainability 13(16): 9127. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169127.
  • Volo, Serena. 2020. “Overtourism: Definitions, Enablers, Impacts and Managerial Challenges.” In Overtourism, edited by Hugues Séraphin, Tatiana Gladkikh, and Tan Vo Thanh,11-26. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42458-9_2.

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

Biblioteka Nauki
55463805

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.ojs-doi-10_21697_seb_2022_09
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