The Web of the EU'S Neighbourhood Policy: Between Bilateralism and Multilateralism

• Authors: Sima Rakutienė
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

This article examines the divergence in the EU's strategies towards neighbours. The goal is to connect different EU neighbourhood initiatives into one framework in making a correlation between national and supranational levels. The distinction between bilateralism/multilateralism and Russia inclusion/Russia exclusion is made within both levels. The division is between European Neighbourhood policy and Eastern Partnership (within bilateral framework) on the one hand, and Northern dimension initiative and Black Sea Synergy on the other. These different EU's strategies towards neighbours reflect contradictory EU development models. The argument is made that national preferences and interests precondition a variety of the EU's neighbourhood initiatives and create a web in EU's neighbourhood policy that is filled with many contradictions.

Keywords

EN

European Neighbourhood policy; regional/interregional cooperation; EU's foreign and security policy; Finland; Lithuania

• Publisher: Sciendo
• Journal: Baltic Journal of Law & Politics
• Year: 2009
• Volume: 2
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 135-165

Dates

published

2009-01-01

online

2009-09-04

Contributors

author

Sima Rakutienė

• Vytautas Magnus University Faculty of Political Science and Diplomacy, Lithuania

References

• Adamkus, Valdas, President of Lithuania. "Black Sea Vision." Lithuanian Foreign Policy Review 15+16 (2005): 7-11 // http://www.lfpr.lt/uploads/File/2005-15%2016/Adamkus.pdf(accessed March 12, 2009).
• Adamkus, Valdas, President of Lithuania. "Lithuania as a Centre of Regional Cooperation." Lithuanian Foreign Policy Review 13+14 (2004): 17-20 // http://www.lfpr.lt/uploads/File/2004-13%2014/Adamkus.pdf(accessed March 13, 2009).
• Bailes, Alyson J.K. "Thoughts on Civilisation, Security, Integration and Reform." 29-39. In: Fabrizio Tassinari, Pertti Joenniemi, and Uffe Jacobsen, eds. Wider Europe. Nordic and Baltic Lessons to Post-Enlargement Europe. Copenhagen: DIIS-Danish Institute for International Studies, 2006.
• Balfour, Rosa. "Principles of Democracy and Human Rights: a Review of the European Union's Strategies Towards its Neighbours." 114-130. In: Sonia Lucarelli, Sonia and Ian Manners, eds. Values and Principles in European Union Foreign Policy. London and New York: Routledge, 2006.
• Bonvincini, Gianni. "The European Neighbourhood Policy and its Linkage with European Security." 21-29. In: Fabrizio Tassinari, Pertti Joenniemi, and Uffe Jacobsen, eds. Wider Europe. Nordic and Baltic Lessons to Post-Enlargement Europe. Copenhagen: DIIS-Danish Institute for International Studies, 2006.
• Browing Christopher S. and Pertti Joenniemi. "Geostrategies of the European Neighbourhood Policy." European Journal of International Relations 14 (2008): 519-551.
• Browing Christopher S. and Pertti Joenniemi. "The European Union's Two Dimensions: the Eastern and the Northern." Security dialogue 34 (2003): 463-478.
• Browing, Christopher S. and Pertti Joenniemi. "The European Neighbourhood Policy and Why the Northern Dimension Matters." 33-53. In: Joan DeBardeleben, ed. The Boundaries of EU Enlargement. Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
• Casier, Tom. "The New Neighbours of the European Union: the Compelling Logic of Enlargement?". 19-33. In: Joan DeBardeleben, ed. The Boundaries of EU Enlargement. Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
• Catellani, Nicola "The EU and the Baltic Sea Area." 181-195. In: Nicola Casarini and Constanza Musu, eds. European Foreign Policy in an Evolving International System. Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.
• Cimoszewicz, Włodzimierz, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Poland. The Eastern Dimension of the European Union. The Polish View. Speech. February 20, 2003 //
• Council of the European Union. Joint Declaration of the Prague Eastern partnership Summit. 7 May, 2009. 8435/09 (Presse78) //
• Daniliauskas, Jonas. "Europos Kaimynystės politika: Lietuvos galimybės." In: Europos Sąjungos plėtra ir Rytų politika 2003-2004. Vilnius: Europos integracijos studijų centras, 2005.
• Dannreuther, Roland. "The European Security Strategy's Regional Objective: The Neighbourhood Policy." 62-80. In: Sven Biscop and Jan J.Anderson, eds. The EU and the European Security Strategy. London and New York: Francis& Taylor, 2007.
• Eastern Partnership - Civil Society Forum //
• Elgstrom, Ole. "The Honest Broker? The Council Presidency as a Mediator." 38-54. In: Ole Elgstrom, ed. European Union Council Presidencies: a Comparative Perspective. London and New York: Routledge, 2003.
• Elsuwege, Peter Van. "The Four Common Spaces: New Impetus to the EU-Russia Strategic Partnership?" 334-360. In: Alan Dashwood and Marc Maresceau, eds. Law and Practice of EU External Relations. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
• European Commission. Barcelona process: Union for Mediterranean. COM (2008) 319 Final, Brussels 20/05/2008.
• European Commission. Black Sea Synergy - a New Regional Initiative. COM (2007) 160 final. Brussels, 11.04.2007 //
• European Commission. Commission Staff Working Document on Eastern Partnership. SEC (2008) 2974/3 //
• European Commission. Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament, Wider Europe: A new framework for relations with our Eastern and Southern Neighbours. COM(2003) 104 FINAL, Brussels, 11/03/2003:4 //
• European Commission. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council. Eastern Partnership. COM/2008/0823 final //
• European Commission. Communication from the Commission. A Strong European Neighbourhood Policy. COM (2007) 774 final. Brussels, 05.12.2007 //
• European Commission. Implementation of the European Neighbourhood policy in 2007. COM (2008) final 164, Brussels 03/04/2008: 2.
• European Commission. Report on the First Year of Implementation of the Black Sea Synergy. COM (2008) 391 final. Brussels, 19.6.2008 //
• European Commission. Report on the First Year of Implementation of the Black Sea Synergy. COM (2008) 391 final. Brussels, 19.6.2008 //
• European Security Strategy. A Secure Europe in a Better World. Brussels, December 12, 2003 //
• Gowan, Richard. "The European Security Strategy's Global Objective: Effective Multilateralism." 42-62. In: Sven Biscop and Jan J. Anderson, eds. The EU and the European Security Strategy. London and New York: Routledge, 2008.
• Gromadzki, Grzegorz, Raimundas Lopata, and Kristi Raik. "Friends or Family? Finnish, Lithuanian and Polish Perspectives on the EU's Policy towards Ukraine, Belarus and Moldova." FIIA Report 12/2005. The Finnish Institute of International Affairs, 2005.
• Herd, Graeme P. "The Baltic States and EU Enlargement." 247-263. In: Karen Henderson, ed. Back to Europe: Central and Eastern Europe and the European Union. London and Philadelphia: UCL Press, 1999; Taylor & Francis, 2005.
• Hillion, Christophe. "The EU's Neighbourhood Policy towards Eastern Europe." 309-334. In: Alan Dashwood and Marc Maresceau, eds. Law and Practice of EU External Relations. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
• Jakobsen, Uffe. "Preface." 5-13. In: Fabrizio Tassinari, Pertti Joenniemi, and Uffe Jacobsen, eds. Wider Europe. Nordic and Baltic Lessons to Post-Enlargement Europe. Copenhagen: DIIS-Danish Institute for International Studies, 2006.
• Joenniemi, Pertti. "Concluding Remarks: the Big Picture and the Small." 133-143. In: Fabrizio Tassinari, Pertti Joenniemi, and Uffe Jacobsen, eds. Wider Europe. Nordic and Baltic Lessons to Post-Enlargement Europe. Copenhagen: DIIS-Danish Institute for International Studies, 2006.
• Kasčiūnas, Laurynas. "Europos Sąjungos plėtros politikos kaita: "Trečiojo kelio" paieškos." Politologija 4/52 (2008): 4-31.
• Kruglashov, Anatoliy. "Regional Cooperation of Ukraine, Belarus, Poland and Lithuania: New Dimensions and Opportunities." Lithuanian Foreign Policy Review 21 (2008): 182-191 // http://www.lfpr.lt/uploads/File/2008-21/Krugrashov_ENG.pdf (accessed June 10, 2009).
• Lithuanian Conservators Party. Russia Containment Strategy. 09 05 2007 //
• Lopata, Raimundas and Nortautas Statkus. "Empires, the World Order and Small States." Lithuanian Foreign Policy Review 1-2 (2005): 16-51 // http://www.lfpr.lt/uploads/File/2005-15%2016/Pilnas.pdf (accessed April 10, 2009).
• Makarychev, Andrey S. "Where the North Meets the East: Europe's ‘Dimensionalism’ and Poland's 'Marginality Strategy'." Cooperation and Conflict 39 (2004): 299-315.
• Miknevičius, Lukas. "D. Grybauskaitė su žemėmis maišė Lietuvos užsienio politiką" //
• Miniotaitė, Gražina. "Europos Normatyvinė galia ir Lietuvos užsienio politika." Politologija 43 (2006): 3-19.
• Miniotaite, Grazina. "Lithuania's Evolving Security and Defence Policy: 'not only Consumer, but also Contributor'." 155-174. In: Clive Archer, ed. New Security Issues in Northern Europe. London and New York: Routledge, 2008.
• Miniotaitė, Gražina. "Tapatybės paieškos šiuolaikinėje Lietuvos užsienio politikoje: tarp Šiaurės ir Rytų dimensijų." Lietuvos metinė strateginė apžvalga 2004 (2005): 83-99 // http://vddb.library.lt/fedora/get/LT-eLABa-0001:J.02~2003~ISSN_1648-8016/DS.013.0.01.ESSPG (accessed 03 May 2009).
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic Lithuania //
• Nekrašas, Evaldas. "Lithuanian Foreign Policy: Concepts, Achievements and Predicaments." Lithuanian Foreign Policy Review 13/14 (2004): 28-35 // http://www.lfpr.lt/uploads/File/2004-13%2014/Nekrasas.pdf (accessed May 03, 2009).
• "Pasaulyje dabar yra du Prezidentai iš Čikagos" //
• Paulauskas, Artūras, Acting President of Lithuania. "Lithuania's New Foreign Policy." Lithuanian Foreign Policy Review 13+14 (2004): 7-16 // http://www.lfpr.lt/uploads/File/2004-13%2014/Paulauskas.pdf (accessed March 13, 2009).
• Pavilionis, Žygimantas. "Lithuanian Position Regarding the EU Mandate on Negotiations with Russia: Seeking a New Quality of EU-Russia Relations." Lithuanian Foreign Policy Review 21 (2008): 174-181 // http://www.lfpr.lt/uploads/File/2008-21/Pavilionis_ENG.pdf (accessed May 03, 2009).
• Regulation (EC) of the European Parliament and of the Council, Laying Down General Provisions Establishing a European Neighborhood and Partnership Instrument. No 1628/2006, 24/10/2006 //
• Rommens, Thijs and Robin Thiers. "Strengthening the ENP through Regional Civil Society Cooperation." CEU Political Science Journal 1 (2009): 26-47.
• Speech of Commissioner Benita Ferrero-Waldner in Poland parliament, 28/11/2008 //
• Tasinari, Fabrizio. "Security and Integration in the EU Neighbourhood. The Case for Regionalism." CEPS Working Document No.226 (2005).
• Tassinari, Fabrizio. "Introduction." 13-21. In: Fabrizio Tassinari, Pertti Joenniemi, and Uffe Jacobsen, eds. Wider Europe. Nordic and Baltic Lessons to Post-Enlargement Europe. Copenhagen: DIIS-Danish Institute for International Studies, 2006.
• Tassinari, Fabrizio. "Mare Europaeum: Baltic Sea Region Security and Cooperation from Post-Wall to Post-Enlargement Europe." Copenhagen: University of Copenhagen, 2004 // http://www.publications.fabriziotassinari.net/downloads/Chapter_Seven.pdf (accessed April 18, 2009).
• The Black Sea Forum //
• The Black Sea Forum //
• The Black Sea Forum. International Conference "Synergies between Northern Europe and Black Sea Cooperation." April 27, 2007. Bucharest //
• Tin, U Nyunr. "Building of All-Round Development in the Region: Cooperation and Integration." South Asian Survey 13/2 (2006): 303-312.
• Tromer, Elzbieta. "Russia's Role in the Baltic Approaches to National Security and the European Security and Defence Policy". 89-101. In: Fabrizio Tassinari, Pertti Joenniemi, and Uffe Jacobsen, eds. Wider Europe. Nordic and Baltic Lessons to Post-Enlargement Europe. Copenhagen: DIIS-Danish Institute for International Studies, 2006.
• Uvalic, Milica. "Regional Cooperation and the Enlargement of the European Union: Lessons Learned?" International Political Science Review 23/3 (2002): 319-333.
• Vahl, Marius. "Models for the European Neighbourhood Policy: the European Economic Area and the Northern Dimension." 49-69. In: Fabrizio Tassinari, Pertti Joenniemi, and Uffe Jacobsen, eds. Wider Europe. Nordic and Baltic Lessons to Post-Enlargement Europe. Copenhagen: DIIS-Danish Institute for International Studies, 2006.
• Valionis, Antanas, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania. "Lithuania, a Meeting Place of Europe." Lithuanian Foreign Policy Review 13+14 (2004): 21-27 // http://www.lfpr.lt/uploads/File/2004-13%2014/Valionis.pdf (accessed March 13, 2009).
• Vilpišauskas, Ramūnas. Baltijos šalys ir Europos Sąjunga. Vilnius: Arlila, 2001.

Identifiers

DOI

10.2478/v10076-009-0008-6