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The role of shear stress in the bending strength test of short and medium length specimens of clear wood

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Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
The process of wood bending displays measurable departures from the standard beam theory. The most well-known departures are caused by shear. In the mathematical part of this work we found and analysed full plane stress of wood which occur in III-point and IV-point loading. Hill-type strength criteria have been used. The role of shear is determined by the relation between shear spandepth ratio and bending-shear strength ratio. Three types of this relation have been defined, one of which specifies the concept of medium length beam. In the second part of this work we statistically described bending-shear strength ratio for European, American and exotic wood species. On this basis, we determined the shear span-depth ratio of the medium beam. The role of shear stress in the bending strength test of medium beam cannot be omitted. The work contains elements of strength theory from a historical perspective, especially concerning strength criteria. Given one result of the contact mechanics.
Rocznik
Strony
161--175
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 50 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
  • Departament of Wood Technology SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
  • Departament of Wood Technology SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
Bibliografia
  • Azzi V.D., Tsai S.W. [1965]: Anisotropic strength of composites. Experimental Mechanics: 283-288
  • Camanho P.P. [2002]: Failure criteria for fibre-reinforced polymer composites. Departamento de Engenharia: 1-13
  • Gaddum J.H. [1945]: Longnormal distributions. Nature 156: 463-466
  • Garab J., Szalai J. [2010]: Comparison of anisotropic strength criteria in the biaxial stress state. Drewno 53 [183]: 51-66
  • Gol’denblat I., Kopnov V.A. [1966]: Strength of glass reinforced plastic in the complex stress state. Polymer Mechanics 1: 70-78
  • Green D.W., Winandy J.E., Kretschmann D.E. [1999, (2010)]: Wood handbook – wood as engineering material. Chapter 4 (5): Mechanical properties of wood, USDA Gen. Tech. Report 113 (190), FPL, Madison
  • Guindos P. [2014]: Comparison of different failure approaches in knotty wood. Drewno 57 [193]: 51-68. DOI: 10.12841/wood.1644-3985.065.03
  • Hertz H. [1881]: Über die Berührung fester elastischer Körper (On the contact of elastic solids). Journal für die Reine und Angewandte Mathematik 92: 156-171
  • Hill R. [1948]: A theory of the yielding and plastic flow of anisotropic metals. Proc. Roy. Soc. London 193: 281-297
  • Hoffman O. [1967]: The brittle strength of orthotropic materials. Journal of Composite Materials 1: 200-206
  • Huber M.T. [1904]: Właściwa praca odkształcenia jako miara wytężenia materiału (Specific work of strain as a measure of material effort). Czasopismo Techniczne XXII: 38-50, 61-62, 80-81, Lwów. Archives of Mechanics 56, 3: 173-190 (2004)
  • Jankowska A., Kozakiewicz P., Szczęsna M. [2012]: Drewno egzotyczne – rozpoznawanie właściwości zastosowanie. Wydawnictwo SGGW, Warszawa
  • Johnson K.L. [1985]: Contact mechanics. Cambridge University Press
  • Kolios A.J., Proia S. [2012]: Evaluation of the reliability performance of failure criteria for composite structures. World Journal of Mechanics 2: 162-170
  • Kollmann F., Côté W.A. [1984]: Principles of wood science and technology. Vol. 1. Solid wood. Reprint Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo
  • Kordzikowski P. [2012]: Wytężenie wybranych materiałów anizotropowych z asymetrią zakresu sprężystego. Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej w Gdyni LIII, 3 (190)
  • Kozakiewicz P. [2000]: Wytrzymałość na ścinanie wzdłuż włókien drewna sosnowego i świerkowego w aspekcie normalizacji. Materiały 14 Konferencji WTD SGGW „Drewno materiał wszechczasów”. 13-15 listopad, Rogów: 136-140
  • Krzysik F. [1978]: Nauka o drewnie. PWN, Warszawa
  • Kyzioł L.[2009]: Wytrzymałość drewna modyfikowanego w złożonych stanach naprężeń (cześć II). Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej w Gdyni XLX, 2 (177)
  • Lilliefors H.W. [1967]: On the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality with mean and variance unknown. Journal of the American Statistical Association 62, 318
  • von Mises R. [1928]: Mechanik der plastischen Formänderung von Kristallen. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik 8: 161-185
  • Molin P., Abdi H. [1998]: New tables and numerical approximation for the Kolmogorov-Smirnov/Lilliefors/Van Soest test of normality. Technical Report, Bourgogne
  • Norris C.B. [1962]: Strength of orthotropic materials subjected to combined stresses. US Forest Products Laboratory, Report No. 1816, Madison, WI
  • Rowlands R.E., Gunderson D.E., Suhling J.C., Johnson M.W. [1985]: Biaxial strength of paperboard predicted by Hill-type theories. Journal of Strain Analysis 20, 2
  • Schneeweiß G., Felber S. [2013]: Review on the bending strength of wood and influencing factors. American Journal of Materials Science 3 [3]: 41-54
  • Soltis L.A., Rammer D.R. [1997]: Bending to shear ratio approach for beam design. Forest Products Journal 47 [1]: 104-108
  • Sorn S., Bajramovic R., Hadziabdic V. [2011]: Examination of proper span/depth ratio range in measuring the bending strength of wood based on the elementary bending theory. TMT Conference, 12-18 September, Prague, Czech Republic
  • Timoshenko S.P. [1953]: History of strength of materials. McGraw-Hill, New York
  • Tresca H. [1864]: Mémoire sur l’écoulement des corps solides soumis à de fortes pressions. CR Hebd Acad. Sci. 59: 754-758
  • Tsai S.W., Wu E.M. [1971]: A general theory of strength for anisotropic material. Journal of Composite Materials 5: 58-80
  • Yoshihara H., Furushima T. [2003]: Shear strengths of wood measured by various short beam shear test methods. Wood Science and Technology 37 [3]: 189-197
  • Zahr Vinuela J., Perez Castellanos J.L. [2015]: On the use of the anisotropic criterion of von Mises (1928) as yield condition for particle reinforced composites. Composite Structures 12, 134: 613-632
  • Zhuravskii D.J. [1856]: Sur la résistance d’un corps prismatique et d’une pièce composée en bois ou en tôle de fer à une force perpendiculaire à leur longueur. Mémoires Annales des Ponts et Chaussées 3a. Serie 12, 2: 328-351
  • List of standards
  • ASTM D 143-94 [1994]: Standard test methods for small clear specimens of timber. 8: Static bending. 14: Shear parallel to grain. (reapproved 2000, current 2014)
  • ASTM D 198-02 [2002]: Standard test methods of static tests of lumber in structural sizes. 3: Terminology. 4-11: Flexure (inludes strenght). (reapproved 2003, current 2015)
  • BS 373:1957 [1957]: Methods of testing small clear specimes of timber. (confirmed-current)
  • BS EN ISO 14130 [1998]: Fibre-reinforced plastic composites. Determination of apparent interlaminar shear strength by short-beam method. (current)
  • DIN 52186 [1978]: Prüfung von Holz. Biegeversuch. (Testing of wood. Bending test.)(curr.)
  • EN 13556 [2003]: Round and sawn timber – Nomenclature of timbers used in Europe. (curr.)
  • EN 408:2010 [2010]: Timber structures – Structural timber and glued laminated timber – Determination of some physical and mechanical properties. 19: Bending strength parallel to grain. (annexed +A1:2012 - current)
  • ISO 3133 [1975]: Wood – Determination of ultimate strength in static bending. (rep. 2014)
  • ISO 3347 [1976]: Wood – Determination of ultimate shear stress parallel to grain. (curr.)
  • ISO 8375 [2009]: Timber structures – Glued laminated timber – Test methods for determination of physical and mechanical properties. 13: Determination of bending strength of the beam. (reviewed-current)
  • ISO 13061 [2014]: Physical and mechanical properties of wood. Test methods for small clear wood specimens. 3: Determination of ultimate strength in static bending. (current)
  • PC 022-67 [1967]: Древесина. Метод определения предела прочности при статическом изгубе. (Wood. Determination of the static bending strength.)
  • PN-68/D-04103 [1968]: Fizyczne i mechaniczne własności drewna. Oznaczanie wytrzymałości na zginanie statyczne. (Physical and mechanical wood properties. Determination of the static bending strength.) (replaced 1977)
  • PN-77/D-04103 [1977]: Drewno. Oznaczanie wytrzymałości na zginanie statyczne. (Wood. Determination of ultimate strength in static bending.) (withdrawn 2014)
  • PN-59/D-04105 [1959]: Drewno. Oznaczanie wytrzymałości na ścinanie wzdłuż włókien. (Wood. Determination of ultimate shear stress parallel to grain.) (replaced 1971)
  • PN-79/D-04105 [1979]: Drewno. Oznaczanie wytrzymałości na ścinanie wzdłuż włókien. (Wood. Determination of ultimate shear stress parallel to grain.) (withdrawn 2015)
  • PN-EN 408:2004 [2004]: Konstrukcje drewniane. Drewno konstrukcyjne lite i klejone warstwowo. Oznaczenie niektórych właściwości fizycznych i mechanicznych. 13: Oznaczenie wytrzymałości na zginanie. (replaced by English 2010, see title of EN-408)
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-38a6f0cb-ad93-44e0-b435-c5a1db473b3c
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