Search results - BazTech

1

Wykorzystanie chromatografii gazowej połączonej ze spektrometrią mas (GC-MS) do analizy lipidów wytwarzanych przez stawonogi

Chajduk Marek, Stepnowski Piotr, Gołębiowski Marek

Analityka : nauka i praktyka

|

2022

|

nr 3

4--9

PL

Dzięki metodzie GC-MS możliwa jest identyfikacja poszczególnych lipidów z wieloskładnikowej mieszaniny związków organicznych pozyskanej z badanych przedstawicieli stawonogów.

2

Mass Occurrences of Millipedes in Times of Global Climate Change

Nieradko-Iwanicka Barbara, Jung Monika

Polish Hyperbaric Research

|

2020

|

nr 4(73)

81--88

EN

There had been recorded a rise in global average temperature by 1.5°C since pre-industrial times. It promotes the spread of diseases carried by vectors and mass occurrence of arthropods. Millipede can carry infectious agents, invade homes and farms, cause skin irritation in case of exposure to their excretions.The aim of the study was to find information about mass appearances of millipedes and identify the places and periods where it happens. A systematic review of publications available in online scientific databases and the library of the Medical University of Lublin was performed. As many as 5 reports about mass occurrence of millipede were from Japan, 3 from Brazil, 3 from Australia 2 from Germany and Hungary, and single publications from Romania, Norway, Poland and Madagascar. In Japan the 8-year periodicity of millipede outbreaks was observed. Japan and Australia encounter problems at railway due to these organisms. In other countries they are nuisance to people when they enter their dwellings and pose a burden in farming and gardening therefore mechanical, chemical and biological methods of millipede control are tested. On the other hand millipede help in composting organic waste. In conclusion: global climate change is accompanied by an increase in frequency of mass occurrences of millipedes.

PL

Od czasów przedindustrialnych odnotowano wzrost średniej temperatury na świecie o 1,5°C. Sprzyja to rozprzestrzenianiu się chorób przenoszonych przez wektory oraz masowemu występowaniu stawonogów. Krocionogi mogą przenosić czynniki zakaźne, atakować domy i gospodarstwa, powodować podrażnienia skóry w przypadku kontaktu z ich wydzielinami. Celem badań było znalezienie informacji o masowych pojawach krocionogów oraz identyfikacja miejsc i okresów, w których to się dzieje. Dokonano systematycznego przeglądu publikacji dostępnych w internetowych bazach naukowych i bibliotece Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie. Aż 5 doniesień o masowym występowaniu krocionogi pochodziło z Japonii, 3 z Brazylii, 3 z Australii, 2 z Niemiec i Węgier oraz pojedyncze publikacje z Rumunii, Norwegii, Polski i Madagaskaru. W Japonii zaobserwowano 8-letnią cykliczność masowego występowania krocionogów. Japonia i Australia mają problemy na kolei z powodu tych organizmów. W innych krajach są one uciążliwe dla ludzi, gdy wchodzą do ich mieszkań i stanowią obciążenie w rolnictwie i ogrodnictwie, dlatego testowane są mechaniczne, chemiczne i biologiczne metody zwalczania krocionogów. Z drugiej strony krocionogi pomagają w kompostowaniu odpadów organicznych. Podsumowując: globalnym zmianom klimatu towarzyszy wzrost częstotliwości masowych pojawów krocionogów

3

Evidence that the fossil insect trackway Bifurculapes laqueatus Hitchcock, 1858 was made underwater

Getty Patrick R.

Acta Geologica Polonica

|

2020

|

Vol. 70, no. 1

125--133

EN

Three trackways attributable to the ichnospecies Bifurculapes laqueatus Hitchcock, 1858 found in Lower Jurassic rocks of the Newark Supergroup in northeastern North America are preserved in association with current lineations. Each trackway takes turns so that parts of the trackway parallel the current lineations. This parallelism is interpreted as evidence that the trackmakers were entrained in flowing water and had to change course due to the current. If this interpretation is correct, then morphological differences between B. laqueatus and terrestrial insect trackways could be explained by the trackmaker moving subaqueously. Further, B. laqueatus would constitute only the second insect trackway from this region to be recognized as being made subaqueously. From an ecological standpoint, the aquatic insects that made B. laqueatus were probably near the base of the local food chain, the apex predators of which were piscivorous theropod dinosaurs.

4

Litter Spider Communities and their Effects on Invertebrate Fauna and Decomposing Rates in Nanjenshan Rain Forest, Taiwan

Hou Ping-Chun Lucy, Chien Hao-Chiang, Liu Ren-Tao, Steinberger Yosef

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2019

|

Vol. 67, nr 3

231--246

EN

Spiders are among the most important predators in forest litter layer that control food chain and decomposition process. However, little is known about the changes in litter-spider communities from wind-exposed to wind-shielded areas during monsoon seasons, and their roles in litter arthropod distribution and decomposition processes. In the present study, the densities and diversities of the spider communities in litter were examined at the two locations in monsoon and non-monsoon seasons in southern Taiwan. Enclosures with/without the spider Ctenus yaeyamensi were set up to compare litter arthropod distribution and decomposition rates in litterbags in different sampling units. It was found that the mean density of litter spiders was significantly greater in wind-shielded area than wind-exposed area. There was a marked impact of structure and depth of litter layers on guild composition, but not on the diversity indices of the litter spider communities. The litter invertebrates and decomposition rates did not differ between enclosures with/without spiders. However, there was a marked difference in litter arthropod abundance between monsoon and non-monsoon seasons in wind-exposed areas. The decomposition rate was remarkably greater in non-monsoon seasons than in monsoon seasons, whereas there were no marked differences between wind-shielded and wind-exposed locations. It was concluded that litter arthropod distribution and related decomposition were affected by variation of monsoon seasons but not by spider presence/absence in Nanjenshan Rain Forest.

5

Effect of Shrub Microhabitats on Aboveground and Belowground Arthropod Distribution in a Desertified Steppe Ecosystem

Liu R., Zhu F., Steinberger Y.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2015

|

Vol. 63, nr 4

534--548

EN

The influence of the shrub canopy on the spatial distribution of above and below ground arthropod communities in desertified ecosystems is largely unknown. Using the shrubs Hedysarum scoparium (H. scoparium) and Artemisia ordosica (A. ordosica) as model systems, the above and belowground arthropod communities were sampled by using pitfall trapping and hand-sorting, in order to examine the linkage between above and belowground arthropods across shrub microhabitats. Different profile layers harboured mostly distinct arthropod taxon and trophic groups that preferred specific microhabitats. Even the common taxa, including the Carabidae and Formicidae families, were found to have different abundance distributions in above and belowground soil layers across shrub microhabitats. Total abundance distribution was found to differ, while taxon-richness and Shannon-index distributions were similar in above and belowground parts across the shrub microhabitats. Markedly higher taxon-richness and Shannon-index values were found beneath the shrub canopy compared to the open spaces, particularly beneath the A. ordosica shrub canopy. The abundance distribution in above and below ground arthropod communities were affected by the shrub microhabitats along vertical and horizontal axes more than the richness and diversity of these communities. The A. ordosica shrub canopy (compared with the H. scoparium shrub) was found to have greater ecological implications on the spatial distribution of the arthropod communities. All these findings were expected to be helpful for the conservation of biodiversity, shrub plantation management, and desertification control.

6

Organic crops as reservoir for beneficial epigeal arthropods

Jasiński M., Twardowski J., Tendziagolska E.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

|

2015

|

Vol. 60, nr 3

125--130

EN

The aim of the study was to conduct quantitative and qualitative analysis of epigeic arthropods (Carabidae, Staphylinidae, Arachnida) occurring in crops within "Norfolk" rotation in organic farming. Arthropods’ collecting was carried out in 2014 at the Experimental Research Station Swojec of the Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences and at the organic farm located at Kamieniec Wrocławski. In both locations ground beetles, rove beetles and arachnids were the most numerous arthropods. The highest number of ground beetles was found within oat treatment, while rove beetles and arachnids within fodder peas. The greatest diversity of ground beetles species was calculated in Kamieniec Wrocławski, in case of pea crops. It may be assumed that these crops, provided by organic farming method, are optimal habitat for beneficial epigeal arthropods development.

PL

Celem pracy była analiza ilościowa i jakościowa zgrupowań stawonogów epigeicznych (Carabidae, Staphylinidae, Arachnida) występujących w uprawach płodozmianu norfolskiego, prowadzonych metoda ekologiczna. Odłowy stawonogów do pułapek glebowych prowadzono w 2014 roku, w Rolniczym Zakładzie Doświadczalnym Swojec, należącym do Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego we Wrocławiu oraz w gospodarstwie ekologicznym w Kamieńcu Wrocławskim. W obu miejscowościach najliczniejsza grupa stawonogów były chrząszcze z rodzin biegaczowatych i kusakowatych oraz pajęczaki. Liczebność biegaczy najwyższa była w uprawie owsa, natomiast kusaków i pajęczaków najwięcej odłowiono w uprawie grochu pastewnego. Najwieksze zróżnicowanie gatunkowe biegaczowatych odnotowano w Kamieńcu Wrocławskim w uprawie peluszki. Można przypuszczać, że wymienione uprawy prowadzone metodą ekologiczną stanowią optymalne siedlisko dla rozwoju pożytecznych stawonogów naziemnych.

7

Local diversity versus geographical distribution of arthropods occuring in a sandstone rock labyrinth

Ruzicka V., Mlejnek R., Smilauer P.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2010

|

Vol. 58, nr 3

533-544

EN

Rocks have been overlooked as subjects for ecological study. However, the system of narrow and deep vertical spaces (gorges, crevices, abysses) in sandstone rocks supports a highly diverse mosaic of habitats. The patterns of air temperatures and the assemblages of arthropods were studied along the environmental gradient in the Poseidon Sandstone Labyrinth within the Adrspassko-Teplicke Skaly National Nature Reserve, NE Bohemia, Czech Republic. The labyrinth, developed in Cretaceous sandsones at an altitude of about 600 m, is approximately 740 m long and 550 m wide. It consists of a broken, interconnected network of deep vertical crevices, crevice caves, and talus caves in extensive block accumulations. The total length of the humanaccessible underground spaces is estimated to be at least 27 km, the vertical range is 105 m. The annual course of air temperature was monitored on the sun-exposed upper rock margin (max. 26.5[degrees]C, min. -7.3[degrees]C, mean 6.1[degrees]C), as well as in the cold and dark crevice cave (max. 9.6[degrees]C, min. -1.9[degrees]C, mean 3.7[degrees]C). Due to the climatic inversion in the deep vertical spaces, mountain bryophytes and vascular plants occur here. A total of 2285 arthropods belonging to eight taxonomic groups were evaluated; spiders and beetles were the most numerous. We registered 304 species, which colonize the totality of habitats in the labyrinth: cold bottom parts, dark caves, shady rock walls, as well as the sun-exposed upper rock margins. The cold parts of the labyrinth harbour populations of sixteen species of mountain arthropods (beetles, spiders and a harvestman) and five species of arthropods with distributions in tundra or boreal forests, and similar disjunctive habitats in the temperate zone in central Europe (spiders and a mite). The first record of the Arctic predatory mite Rhagidia gelida in central Europe was in the Poseidon Labyrinth in 1986; this species proved to be a bio-indicator of the long-lasting periglacial microclimate in central Europe. Prior to discovery of the spider Sisicus apertus in the Poseidon Labyrinth, it had been recorded in central Europe in the Alps and in the High Tatra Mountains at altitudes of 1150 to 2300 m. At the present time, we consider the Poseidon Sandstone Labyrinth to be a paleorefugium of cold-adapted arthropods.

8

The trace fossil Rusophycus versans from the Furongian (Upper Cambrian) of central Poland - an example of behavioural convergence amongst arthropods

Sadlok G., Machalski M.

Acta Geologica Polonica

|

2010

|

Vol. 60, no. 1

119-123

EN

Traces assigned to Rusophycus versans are recorded for the first time from Furongian (Upper Cambrian) strata, as exposed at Wiśniówka Wielka quarry, Holy Cross Mountains, central Poland. These traces are ascribed to the life activity of trilobites in a fully marine environment. In contrast, previous records of R. versans have been attributed to notostracans, isopods or arthropleurids and are preserved in non-marine settings. The relatively wide phylogenetic distribution of R. versans within various arthropod groups indicates that this ichnotaxon represents behavioural convergence amongst arthropods.

9

Effect of flow manipulations on benthic fauna communities in a lowland river: interhabitat comparison

Dukowska Małgorzata, Szczerkowska Eliza, Grzybkowska Maria, Tszydel Mariusz, Penczak Tadeusz

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2007

|

Vol. 55, nr 1

101-112

EN

In order to estimate the impact of flow manipulations on abiotic and biotic variables two sites of the fourth-order section of a lowland river (Drzewiczka River, in central Poland) with five dominant habitats each were selected downstream of a dam reservoir: the former just downstream of a canoeing track (CT), marked as disturbed (D), and the latter, control one (C), 10 km farther downstream. At the disturbed site water from the reservoir was released in afternoons to operate the CT (3-5 times higher volume than the natural median, i.e. from 4.3 (most frequently) to over 12.0 m[^-3] s[^-1] (exceptionally), which lasted for 2-3 hours per day while no flow fluctuations were observed in the control. The habitats were sampled over an annual cycle. Variables that have a great impact on macrozobenthos, like current velocity, water depth, substrate composition, presence of macrophytes and standing stock of food resources (BPOM - benthic particulate organic matter, TPOM - transported particulate organic matter, periphyton) were measured. As showed by our results (MANOVA) permanent moderate disturbance caused macrobenthos to be 2-4 times more abundant and diverse at the disturbed site (D), than at nearby natural river site (C), especially at the high-flow area. A lower abundance was recorded at the stagnant and pool habitats of both sites. Chironomidae dominated at all habitats, and Oligochaeta (gathering collectors) at the stagnant and macrophyte habitats; Trichoptera (mainly filtering collectors), Ephemeroptera and Simuliidae (filtering collectors) were the next most abundant among insects, depending on the habitat type. Although Chironomidae dominated at both river sites, they were represented by taxa belonging to various functional feeding groups; at site D chironomids - mainly periphyton scrapers (Orthocladiinae), while at site C - deposit feeders (Chironomini), connected with either silt sediment or sand.

10

The microcrustacean fauna of Sicily and the central Mediterranean Sea area - current knowledge and gaps to be filled

Marrone Federico

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2006

|

Vol. 54, nr 4

681-685

EN

The current knowledge of freshwater entomostracans from Sicily and some neighbouring central-Mediterranean countries is briefly reviewed. Data concerning different countries and different taxonomical groups are markedly inhomogeneous and often far from being representative of the real biota of the corresponding countries. This gap prevents a sound, biogeographical analysis of the freshwater microcrustacean fauna of the area. The major gaps that have to be filled are highlighted and the need for more surveys and monitoring is emphasised.

11

The fate of the ephippia - Daphnia dispersal in time and space

Pietrzak Barbara, Slusarczyk Miroslaw

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2006

|

Vol. 54, nr 4

709-714

EN

When conditions deteriorate, freshwater cladocerans from the genus Daphnia switch to production of diapausing eggs encased in chitinous shells called ephippia. Ephippia may serve for temporal escape and recolonisation of the habitat or for geographical dispersal and colonization of other habitats. While dormancy and dispersal of ephippia have been well studied, initial factors determining the fate of the ephippia have remained unknown. We first consider the fate of an ephippium that sinks to the bottom of the water body, where it enriches the egg bank present in the sediments. We then discuss the potential and evidence for dispersal of ephippia, which is probably facilitated by their flotation on the water surface. Finally, we concentrate on the moment of the release of the ephippium showing a likely mechanism that determines its further fate - temporal or spatial dispersal - and we demonstrate it to be accomplished through maternal behaviour.

12

Adaptations of pupae of Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) to oxygen-poor habitats

Marziali Laura, Lencioni Valeria, Rossaro Bruno

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2006

|

Vol. 54, nr 4

687-693

EN

Morphological, behavioural and physiological adaptations of chironomids pupae to oxygen-poor habitats, such as the profundal zone of lakes, are discussed. Lentic and oxyregulator species possess developed respiratory organs (thoracic horns) and an extensive anal fringe to perform respiratory movements, whereas in rheophilic and oxy-conformer species these structures are reduced or absent. This led to the hypothesis that the number of thoracic horn branches, the number of anal macrosetae and the body size could consititute a measure of a species' oxygen requirements. These characters were analyzed in 12 species groups collected in 39 Italian lakes. Numbers were correlated to the optimum value of oxygen level, total phosphorus concentration and transparency calculated for each taxon. Taxa with plumose thoracic horns, extensive anal fringe and large body size (Chironomus) inhabited habitats poorer in oxygen than those inhabited by taxa with less extensive respiratory surface and fringe and small body size (Paratendipes, Polypedilum, Microtendipes). Stictochironomus was less tolerant than expected. Further studies are needed into the physiological adaptations of chironomid pupae.