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1

Mass Movements Analysis along a Road Segment (Batushë-Rrasa e Kosharës) in an Alpine Region in Kosovo

Neziri Fjolla, Bytyqi Valbon

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 2

302--310

EN

The article represents a contribution to the assessment of slope processes, with special emphasis on landslides, rockfalls, and creeps along the road sector Batushë-Rrasa e Kosharës (municipality of Gjakova) in Kosova. The analysis of natural factors, as well as their role in triggering and evolving slope processes, was conducted by observing the processes in the field and, with a multidisciplinary approach, analyzing the natural factors (geology, tectonics, climate, vegetation) as well as the role of humans. By using GIS/RS techniques, the causes and features of processes were identified and presented with various illustrations and maps, assessing the potential risk in the future with the aim of proper management, considering the movement of citizens, and preserving the road infrastructure in a segment with historical and touristic values. The slopes with a 35–40° gradient are more prone to landslides, while the presence of unconsolidated rocks and fractured limestone has accelerated slope destabilization and rock mass movements. Slope stability techniques should be implemented in order to keep the road open for future visitors to historical sites.

2

Konwerter protokołów EKM Smart

Hanusek Michał

Wiadomości Elektrotechniczne

|

2023

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R. 91, nr 7

35--39

PL

Artykuł przybliża problematykę związaną z konwersją protokołów komunikacyjnych stosowanych w energetyce. Omówione zostaną najważniejsze cechy konwertera EKM Smart, przeznaczenie i motywacja opracowania nowego urządzenia.

EN

The article presents issues related to industrilal protocol converters, the reason for developping EKM Smart Converter and the most important features of EKM Smart device.

3

Assessment of the suitability of spectral indices for detecting areas of increased stress among plants - a case study of the botanical garden in Kielce

Sobura Szymon Sylwester

Structure and Environment

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2023

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Vol. 15, no. 4

253--268

EN

An important factor threatening global security is climate change and its impact on changing rainfall patterns and seasonal temperature variability. For this reason, farmers and crop scientists are striving to detect plant stress as soon as possible and introduce preventive measures so that key decisions in maintaining plant health are made in a timely way. Currently, multispectral images acquired from UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) make it possible to provide objective and reliable information related to the state of agro-ecosystems, the dynamics of changes occurring on them and the monitoring of natural resources in a rapid and non-contact method. In the present study, the suitability of low-altitude multispectral imaging for proper stress detection in plants was assessed. The botanical garden in Kielce, a site with a high biodiversity of plant specimens, was chosen as the testing ground. In this study, four spectral indexes maps were analysed in the form of: NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), NDRE (Normalized Difference Red-Edge Index), GNDVI (Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and the less frequently used PSRI (Plant Senescence Reflectance Index) for the assessment of plant health. PSRI values > 0.50 clearly identified areas of high stress, in contrast to the other spectral indices analysed in this study. The study confirmed the suitability of the PSRI for conducting monitoring activities in areas with varying crop characteristics in an efficient and rapid approach.

PL

Ważnym czynnikiem zagrażającym globalnemu bezpieczeństwu są zmiany klimatyczne i ich wpływ na zmiany wzorców opadowych oraz zmienność sezonowych temperatur. Z tego powodu osoby zajmujące się ochroną walorów przyrodniczych oraz upraw dążą do jak najszybszej detekcji stresu roślin i wprowadzeniu działań profilaktycznych, aby kluczowe decyzje w utrzymaniu zdrowia roślin zostały podjęte w odpowiednim czasie. Obecnie zdjęcia multispektralne pozyskane z UAV (ang. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) umożliwiają dostarczenie obiektywnej i wiarygodnej informacji związanej ze stanem agrosystemów, dynamiki zmian na nich zachodzących oraz monitorowania zasobów przyrodniczych w sposób szybki i bezkontaktowy. W niniejszej pracy oceniono przydatność zobrazowań multispektralnych z niskiego pułapu do prawidłowej detekcji stresu u roślin. Jako poligon doświadczalny wybrano ogród botaniczny w Kielcach, będący obiektem o dużej bioróżnorodności okazów roślin. W pracy przeanalizowano cztery mapy wskaźników spektralnych w postaci: NDVI (ang. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), NDRE (ang. Normalized Difference Red-Edge Index), GNDVI (ang. Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) oraz rzadziej stosowany wskaźnik PSRI (ang. Plant Senescence Reflectance Index) pod kątem oceny kondycji zdrowotnej roślin. Wartości wskaźnika PSRI > 0,50 w sposób jednoznaczny zidentyfikowały obszary wysokiego stresu w odróżnieniu od pozostałych analizowanych w pracy wskaźników spektralnych. Badania potwierdziły przydatność wskaźnika PSRI do prowadzenia działań monitoringowych na obszarach o zróżnicowanej charakterystyce uprawianych roślin w sposób efektywny i szybki.

4

Identification of Groundwater Potential Zones Using Remote Sensing, Geographical Information System, and Analytic Hierarchy Process Techniques – A Case Study in the Nerodime Watershed, Kosovo

Avdullahi Sabri, Hajra Argjend

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, iss. 4

147--161

EN

This research was carried out to analyse the groundwater potential areas in the Nerodime River catchment area. This paper used the standard methodology to determine the potential areas of groundwater resources based on the combated remote sensing, geographic information system, and hierarchical analytical process. In this river catchment area, a total of eight groups of criteria have been selected which have an impact on groundwater storage. Groundwater research would not be possible without the use of various data that have a direct impact on groundwater such as drainage, elevation, geology, land use and land cover, lineament, rainfall, slope, and soil. The results obtained through statistical analysis with software were compared with the data collected in the field, a comparison which resulted in an accuracy of approximately 95%. The results are reflected in table form and using maps also prepared with ArcGIS software.

5

An efficient approach for optimization of the parameters In transmission system applied In DWT+SPIHT using whale algorithm (WA)

Mourad Larbi, Mustapha Khelifi, Mohamed Rida Lahcene

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

|

2022

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R. 98, nr 11

71--78

EN

The compression of image using analyzing techniques give us q high quality in the reconstructed image however in the case of transmission produce a sensitive (to the channel noise) image .In this paper we are going to use combination between error detection , source and channel coding with unequal distribution in the code rate our approach shows a high efficiency and optimization in the use of the code rate using Whale Algorithm (WA) (minimization in the redundant bits) compared to other approaches. The results of the work carried out in this article are mainly focused on the medical images compression by the (DWT+SPIHT) method, which, in fact, allow a significant reduction for data. We are also interested in the transmission of these images on an channel in a way that can provide a high bit rate with good transmission quality, by exploiting the channel coding technique, which is effective in combating the noise introduced during the transmission of these images.

PL

Kompresja obrazu przy użyciu technik analitycznych daje nam q wysoką jakość rekonstruowanego obrazu, jednak w przypadku transmisji wytwarzamy obraz wrażliwy (na szum kanału). przy nierównym rozkładzie współczynnika kodowania nasze podejście wykazuje wysoką wydajność i optymalizację w wykorzystaniu współczynnika kodowania przy użyciu algorytmu wieloryba (WA) (minimalizacja w nadmiarowych bitach) w porównaniu z innymi podejściami. Wyniki prac przeprowadzonych w niniejszym artykule koncentrują się głównie na kompresji obrazów medycznych metodą (DWT+SPIHT), która w rzeczywistości pozwala na znaczną redukcję danych. Interesuje nas również transmisja tych obrazów na kanale w sposób, który może zapewnić wysoką przepływność przy dobrej jakości transmisji, wykorzystując technikę kodowania kanałów, która skutecznie zwalcza szumy wprowadzane podczas transmisji tych obrazów.

6

Application of geomatic tools for the diachronic monitoring of landscape metrics in the northeastern algerian highlands, case of the city of Setif

Kraria Hocine, Zighmi Karim, Chibani Abdelmouhcene

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2022

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no. 4

67--79

EN

Geomatic tools could be used efficiently for urban development planning. The problem of the study lies in the extensive land use of terrains that are now suitable for heavy construction which slows down the development of new facilities. Furthermore, the authorities are forced to plan future settlements around Setif, at a distance of 8 to 12 kilometers from the city limits, threatening the long-term viability of construction and the ring of farmland that connects them to the core city. This must be done during the planning stage based on a diachronic analysis of all the natural and physical factors/parameters. The main objective of this research is to explore the application of landscape metrics to the analysis and monitoring of urban growth in the city of Setif, north-east of Algeria. For this purpose, our research paper uses Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the Angle Mapper Algorithm (SAM) target method for the analysis of urban land planning and sustainable urban planning of Setif. In the result of these analyses we propose suitability/buildability maps with more suitable construction sites. The research method is based on a 17-year time series dataset compiled from the Sentinel 2A and Landsat imagery between 2004 and 2021. Additionally, we used a cadastral Vs geotechnical overlay to estimate soil capacity. This work proves again that the integration of RS and GIS techniques allows for scientific identification of the lands suitable for urban development (LAUP).

7

Integracja centrali alarmowej firmy Satel ze sterownikiem PLC firmy Siemens

Majewski Radosław, Suproniuk Marek

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2022

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Vol. 63, Nr 3

29--33

PL

Artykuł powstał w oparciu o pracę dyplomową zrealizowaną przez studenta Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej. W niniejszej publikacji zawarto opis sposobu integracji centrali alarmowej firmy Satel ze sterownikiem PLC firmy Siemens wykorzystanego podczas realizacji zadania dyplomowego przez studenta Wydziału Elektroniki oraz szczegółowy opis otwartego protokołu komunikacyjnego udostępnionego przez firmę Satel, przez który urządzenia zostały zintegrowane. W formie graficznej przedstawiono uzyskane funkcjonalności zbudowanego układu integracji. Zaproponowane zostały przykłady zastosowania wykonanej integracji oraz możliwości jej rozbudowy.

EN

The article is based on a thesis made by a student of the Military University of Technology. This publication contains a description of how to integrate the Satel alarm control panel with a Siemens PLC controller made by student of the Electronics Faculty and a detailed description of the Satel open communication protocol through which the devices were integrated. The obtained functionalities of the built integration system are presented in graphic form. Examples of the application of the performed integration and the possibility of its extension were proposed.

8

Liquid chromatographic enantioseparation, determination, bioassay and isolation of enantiomers of Ketorolac : a review

Bhushan Ravi

Acta Chromatographica

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2022

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Vol. 34, no. 3

220--236

EN

Ketorolac (Ket) is a potent non-narcotic analgesic drug (among the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). The physiological activity of Ket resides with (S)-(-)-Ket while the drug is marketed and administered as a racemic mixture. Therefore, it is desirable that the pharmacokinetics is measured and quantified for enantiomers individually and not as a total drug. The present paper is focused on relevant literature on LC enantioseparation of (RS)-Ket along with bioassay, pharmacokinetic and clinical studiem within the discipline of analytical chemistry. HPLC and Thin layer chromatography (TLC) methods using both direct and indirect approaches are discussed. The methods provide chirality recognition even in the absence of pure enantiomers. Besides, a brief discussion on resolution by crystallization and enzymatic methods is included. The most interesting aspects include establishment of structure and molecular asymmetry of diastereomeric derivatives using LC-MS, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, and by drawing conformations in three dimensional views by using certain software. A brief discussion has also been provided on the recovery of native enantiomers by TLC.

9

Extraction of urban construction development with using Landsat satellite images and geoinformation systems

Arifjanov Aybek M., Akmalov Shamshodbek B., Samiev Luqmon N.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2021

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no. 48

65--69

EN

In recent times there have been many changes on Earth, which have appeared after anthropogenic impact. Finding solutions to problems in the environment requires studying the problems quickly, make proper conclusions and creating safe and useful measures. Humanity has always had an effect on the environment. There can be many changes on the Earth because of direct and indirect effects of humans on nature. Determining these changes at the right time and organizing meas-urements of them requires the creation of quick analysing methods. This development has improved specialists’ interest for remote sensing (RS) imagery. Moreover, in accordance with analysis of literature sources, agriculture, irrigation and ecology have the most demand for RS imagery. This article is about using geographic information system (GIS) and RS technologies in cadastre and urban construction branches. This article covers a newly created automated method for the calculation of artificial surface area based on satellite images. Accuracy of the analysis is verified according to the field experiments. Accuracy of analysis is 95%. According to the analysis from 1972 to 2019 artificial area enlargement is 13.44%. This method is very simple and easy to use. Using this data, the analysis method can decrease economical costs for field measures. Using this method and these tools in branches also allows for greater efficiency in time and resources.

10

Geospatial Applicationsin Land Use/Land Cover Change Detection for Sustainable Regional Development:The Case of Central Haryana, India

Kumar Surender, Singh Ripudaman

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

|

2021

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Vol. 15, no. 3

81--98

EN

Timely and accurate detection of land use/land cover (LULC) change is important for the macro and micro level sustainable development of any region. For this purpose, geospatial techniques are the best tool for change analysis as they supply timely, cheaper, precise and up to date information. This paper examines the spatial temporal change trend in LULC in the case of Central Haryana. Landsat 2, 3, 5, 7 and 8 images for the years 1975–2020 for pre and post monsoon periods were analyzed for the study. Radiometric correction was performed to derive better information. ArcGIS 10.2 and ENVI 5.3 are used for thematic layout and thematic change preparation. An unsupervised classification using ERDAS IMAGINE 2015 has also been done to classify study area in eight classes. The year 1975 is considered as the base year for change detection analysis. Results showed an increasing trend for the land use classes of built up, water body, and agricultural land without waterlogging in the pre and post monsoon periods between 1975 and 2020. Remaining land use classes of agriculture with waterlogging, open waterlogged area, vegetation and fallow land/sand dunes decreased during the same period. Increased human activities have changed the LULC in the region and have had a great impact on its sustainable regional development.

11

Production and Microstructural Characterization of Nb-Si based in-situ Composite

Garip Y.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2020

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Vol. 65, iss. 2

917--921

EN

The Nb-Si based in-situ composite was produced by resistive sintering (RS) technique. In order to identify present phases, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was used on the composite. XRD analysis revealed that the composite was composed of Nb solid solution (Nbss) and α-Nb5Si3 phases. The microstructure of the composite was characterized by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was performed for the micro-analysis of the chemical species. SEM-EDS analyses show that the microstructure of composite consists of Nbss, Nb5Si3 and small volume fraction of Ti-rich Nbss phases. The micro hardness of constituent phases of the composite was found to be as 593±19 and 1408±33 Hv0.1, respectively and its relative density was % 98.54.

12

Nieinwazyjne badania spektroskopowe rysunków Szymona Czechowicza i jego uczniów

Doleżyńska-Sewerniak Ewa, Jendrzejewski Rafał, Klisińska-Kopacz Anna

Wiadomości Konserwatorskie

|

2019

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Nr 59

133--144

PL

Badania przedstawione w niniejszej pracy miały na celu scharakteryzowanie narzędzi rysunkowych stosowanych w warsztacie Szymona Czechowicza (1689–1775). Badaniom poddano 41 prac pochodzących ze zbiorów Muzeum Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Muzeum Narodowego w Krakowie oraz Muzeum Narodowego w Warszawie. Rysunki były badane za pomocą technik nieinwazyjnych, takich jak spektroskopia Ramana (RS), spektroskopia fluorescencji rentgenowskiej (XRF), technika „fałszywych kolorów” (IRFC) oraz bliska podczerwień (NIR). Trzy próbki poddano również energodyspersyjnej mikroanalizie rentgenowskiej (SEM-EDS). Badania pozwoliły na analizę składu chemicznego linii rysunków oraz rozpoznanie wśród narzędzi rysunkowych: sangwiny oraz czerwonej kredki składającej się z czerwonej ochry, minii oraz białych wypełniaczy w postaci kredy i gipsu, sepii, bistru, czarnego tuszu węglowego, ołówka grafitowego, węgla a także czarnej kredki (z czerni kostnej). Zidentyfikowane materiały są charakterystyczne dla XVIII wieku oraz obszarów geograficznych, na jakich artysta działał. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań mogą być wykorzystywane do porównań z innymi szkicami przypisywanymi malarzowi w celu weryfikacji ich atrybucji.

EN

The research presented in this study was to characterise the drawing tools used by Szymon Czechowicz (1689–1775). 41 works from the collections of the Jagiellonian University Museum, the National Museum in Krakow and the National Museum in Warsaw were analysed. The sketches were examined using the non-invasive technologies such as: Raman spectroscopy (RS), x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), infrared false colour (IRFC) and near-infrared (NIR). Three samples also underwent Energy Dispersive Xray microanalysis (SEM-EDS). The research allowed for analysing the chemical content of drawing lines and identifying the following among drawing tools: sanguine and a red crayon consisting of red ochre, red lead and white fillers such as chalk and gypsum, sepia, bistre, carbon-based black ink, lead pencil, charcoal and ivory black (bone char). The identified materials are typical for the 18ᵗʰ century and the geographical areas in which the artist worked. The results of the carried out research can be used for comparison with other sketches attributed to the painter in order to verify the claims.

13

Współczesne metody drążenia tuneli - wybrane problemy w zakresie doboru obudowy

Cała Marek, Tajduś Antoni, Stopkowicz Agnieszka, Kolano Malwina, Blajer Mateusz

Mosty

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2019

|

nr 5

42--45

PL

W artykule przedstawiono ogólną charakterystykę metod NATM i ADECO-RS. Wskazano ich podobieństwa oraz istotne różnice. Przedstawiono także wybrane problemy doboru obudowy.

EN

The article presents the general characteristics of the NATM i ADECO-RS tunneling methods. Their similarities and crucial differences are identified. Selected issues of the tunnel lining choice are also presented.

14

Lean principles for organizing items in an automated storage and retrieval system: an association rule mining – based approach

Bevilacqua Maurizio, Ciarapica Filippo Emanuele, Antomarioni Sara

Management and Production Engineering Review

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2019

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Vol. 10, No. 1

29--36

EN

The application of the 5S methodology to warehouse management represents an important step for all manufacturing companies, especially for managing products that consist of a large number of components. Moreover, from a lean production point of view, inventory management requires a reduction in inventory wastes in terms of costs, quantities and time of non-added value tasks. Moving towards an Industry 4.0 environment, a deeper understanding of data provided by production processes and supply chain operations is needed: the application of Data Mining techniques can provide valuable support in such an objective. In this context, a procedure aiming at reducing the number and the duration of picking processes in an Automated Storage and Retrieval System. Association Rule Mining is applied for reducing time wasted during the storage and retrieval activities of components and finished products, pursuing the space and material management philosophy expressed by the 5S methodology. The first step of the proposed procedure requires the evaluation of the picking frequency for each component. Historical data are analyzed to extract the association rules describing the sets of components frequently belonging to the same order. Then, the allocation of items in the Automated Storage and Retrieval System is performed considering (a) the association degree, i.e., the confidence of the rule, between the components under analysis and (b) the spatial availability. The main contribution of this work is the development of a versatile procedure for eliminating time waste in the picking processes from an AS/RS. A real-life example of a manufacturing company is also presented to explain the proposed procedure, as well as further research development worthy of investigation.

15

Development of a new method for estimating SCS curve number using TOPMODEL concept of wetness index (case study: Kasilian and Jong watersheds, Iran)

Azizian Asghar, Shokoohi Alireza

Acta Geophysica

|

2019

|

Vol. 67, no. 4

1163--1177

EN

In recent years, several empirical and mathematical methods have been developed to estimate runof, among which the SCS curve number (SCS-CN) method is one of the simplest and most widely used methods. The SCS-CN depends mainly on a CN parameter which corresponds to various soil, land cover, and land management conditions, selected from look-up tables. An application of GIS and RS techniques along with fled investigations made it possible to enhance the method from a lumped one to the level of semi-distributed models in which a specifc value can be assigned to each cell in raster maps. The up-to-date procedures require several datasets, feld measurements and overlying issues which limits the use of SCS-CN in data-scarce regions. In this research a new method has been developed which estimates the SCS-CN over the catchment with a minimum input dataset and acceptable accuracy and is based on the saturation-excess concept, which is used in the semi-distributed model: TOPMODEL. The proposed method depends on three parameters, including ndrain (soil porosity), z̄ (average distance to watershed water table surface) and m (which controls the efective depth of the saturated soil) and one input dataset, the so-called topographic index. Results showed that the maximum and minimum diferences between the basin-averaged CN based on the GIS and RS techniques and the proposed method for Kasilian and Jong watersheds are 12% and 0.3%, respectively. Also, the fndings indicated that, of the three parameters of proposed method, the m parameter plays a key role and that by increasing this parameter the basin-averaged CN tends to decrease and vice versa. Because of the dependence on a topographic index, the proposed method is strongly afected by DEM resolution and there are signifcant diferences between low and high-resolution DEMs. However, for a small scale watershed, similar to Kasilian, using DEMs with resolution lower than 100 m considerably decreases the above diferences. As an overall conclusion, the proposed method provides acceptable values of SCS-CN which is important for running rainfall-runof model in a data-limited or data-scarce regions. In addition, creating the gridded map for CN, which is required in most hydrological models, is one of the most important advantages of the proposed method.

16

Spectropolarimetric Observations of the Recurrent Nova RS Oph

Nikolov Y. M., Zamanov R. K., Stoyanov K. A.

Acta Astronomica

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2019

|

Vol. 69, No. 4

361--368

EN

We report spectropolarimetric observations of the recurrent nova RS Oph obtained during four nights between 2017 July and 2018 July. In the wavelength range from 5000 Å to 8000 Å, we find the maximum degree of linear polarization P(obs)=2.9%±0.09 at λ≈5600 Å and the position angle θ=47o.2±0o.9. We do not detect any variability of the degree of polarization and the position angle. At the time of our observations, there is no intrinsic polarization in RS Oph and the observed values represent the interstellar polarization.

17

Tunele – nowoczesne podejście do projektowania

Jończyk M.

Builder

|

2018

|

R.22, nr 7

50--52, 54, 56

EN

The dynamic development of tunnelling construction that has been observed in recent years results in the necessity to carry out a deeper analysis of previously used methods of designing tunnel facilities. The problem concerns both determining the magnitude of loads acting on the tunnel casing at the stage of its dimensioning and the technology of their drilling. Current studies suggest the possibility of using new design methods taking into account, to a much greater extent, the cooperation of the rock mass with the tunnel lining. An example of such approach is the ADECO-RS method (analysis of controlled deformations in rocks and soils), which was used in the project of a road tunnel under the Mały Luboń mountain along the S7 expressway Kraków-Rabka Zdrój on the Lubień - Rabka Zdrój section. The paper presents the main assumptions of the ADECO-RS method and the way of determining the load acting on the preliminary and final liningbased on the rock mass reaction curve. This method relies to a large extent on the measurements and observations of the behaviour of the face of the tunnel's ancestor and its contour. The paper also presents the results of geodetic measurements carried out in the tunnel, which form the basis for making decisions regarding the construction of individual stages of the tunnel casing. Based on the site visits, the work describes the next stages of ongoing works as well and discusses the issues related to the methods used to identify the rock mass used in the tunnel.

18

Właściwości i znaczenie żelaza oraz metody jego oznaczania

Górska A., Piech R.

Analit

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2018

|

Nr 6

2--9

PL

Żelazo jest jednym z najczęściej spotykanych w środowisku pierwiastków. Występuje w skorupie ziemskiej, wodach, glebach, powietrzu, a także w organizmach żywych, głównie w postaci związanej. Pomimo, że metal ten jest tak powszechnie spotykany, pełni kluczową rolę w prawidłowym funkcjonowaniu wielu organizmów żywych, jak i ekosystemów. W pracy przybliżono zatem zagadnienia dotyczące właściwości żelaza oraz jego występowania w przyrodzie. Poruszono również aspekt biologicznego znaczenia pierwiastka. Istnieją dziedziny, w których konieczne jest zastosowanie wysokoczułych metod oznaczania metalu. Wśród znanych i stosowanych rozwiązań oprócz woltamperometrii wymienić należy atomową spektrometrię absorpcyjną, fluorymetrię czy spektrometrię mas.

EN

Iron is one of the most abundant element in environment. It can be found in earth crust, waters, soils and living organism, mostly in form of chemical compounds. Even though is so common, the role of this element is crucial for the proper functioning of many organism and ecosystems. Therefore, the work presents issues related to the properties of iron and its role and occurrence in environment. Biological aspects of metal were also discussed. There are many fields of life where high sensitive methods for iron determination are required. Well known methods used for iron determination are Voltammetry, Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Fluorimetry and Mass Spectrometry.

19

Simulator for the RS operator using visual depiction

Przybylski M., Hass A.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej

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2017

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R. 58 nr 3 (210)

87--95

EN

The high operational cost of exploitation of armaments in near-battle conditions and numerous restrictions in use of the battle equipment in places of permanent deployment have contributed to seek new training methods. In recent years, there has been a rapid development of simulators used in the process of education and in-service training associated with the technological advancement and the modernization of the armed forces of the Republic of Poland. In this article, an experimental model of the simulator was introduced for the operator of manual tracking (RS) using a visual system. This model was built by the authors as part of their master’s thesis. It allows either manual or automatic tracking of targets against the simulated background and gives a grade to the operator based on the accuracy achieved while tracking the target. The solution suggested by the authors may raise the effectiveness of training of operators using television-optical systems, as well as reduce the associated operating costs of the weaponry.

PL

Wysokie koszty eksploatacji uzbrojenia w warunkach zbliżonych do bojowych i liczne ograniczenia w użyciu sprzętu bojowego w miejscach stałej dyslokacji przyczyniły się do poszukiwania nowych metod szkolenia. W ostatnich latach nastąpił dynamiczny rozwój symulatorów wykorzystywanych w procesie kształcenia i doskonalenia zawodowego związany z postępem technologicznym oraz modernizacją Sił Zbrojnych RP. W artykule przedstawiono model doświadczalny symulatora dla operatora ręcznego śledzenia (RS) wykorzystujący system wizyjny. Model ten został zbudowany przez autorów w ramach ich prac magisterskich. Umożliwia on ręczne lub automatyczne śledzenie celów na pozorowanym tle oraz wystawienie oceny operatorowi na podstawie osiągniętej dokładności podczas śledzenia celu. Zaproponowane rozwiązanie może podnieść efektywność szkolenia operatorów korzystających z systemów telewizyjno-optycznych oraz obniżyć związane z tym koszty eksploatacji uzbrojenia.

20

Ponad 2-kilometrowy tunel na Zakopiance już w budowie : w Polsce takiej metody jeszcze nie stosowano

Madej Ł.

Geoinżynieria : drogi, mosty, tunele

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2017

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nr 1

76--77

PL

6 marca 2017 roku ruszyła budowa dwóch równoległych nitek tunelu na tzw. Zakopiance. Dwukomorowy obiekt znajduje się między Naprawą a Skomielną Białą w Małopolsce. Zostanie wydrążony do końca 2019 r., a w tym celu wykonawca wykorzysta metodę, jakiej w Polsce jeszcze nie stosowano.

EN

On March 6, 20i 7 theconstructionoftwo parallel tunnels on so called Zakopianka has started. The two-chambered object will be located between Naprawa and Skomielna Biała in Lesser Poland (Małopolska). The project is interesting not only because it will enable quicker transportation to the winter capital of Poland, but because the contractor will use a method that was not used in Poland ever before. The tunnel will be drilled by the end of 2019.