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EN
For quantitative estimation of past water temperature of four Holsteinian (MIS 11) palaeolakes from eastern Poland, the oxygen isotope palaeothermometer was applied to shells of the aquatic gastropods Viviparus diluVianus and Valvata piscinalis. The δ18O composition of their shells demonstrated the average growth-season water temperatures during the mesocratic stage of the interglacial (Ortel Królewski Lake), during its climatic optimum – the Carpinus–Abies Zone (Ossówka-Hrud, Roskosz and Szymanowo Lakes), and in the post-optimum (Szymanowo Lake). The calculation was based on δ18O Shell values and the δ18O Water assumed for the Holsteinian from the modern oxygen isotope composition of precipitation and the expected amount of evaporative enrichment. The mean oxygen isotope palaeotemperatures of Ortel Królewski lake waters were in the range of 18.1–21.9°C and were uniform for the Taxus and Pinus–Larix zones. Ossówka-Hrud and Roskosz Lakes had mean temperatures of 17.4–21.0°C during the climatic optimum, whereas the temperature of Szymanowo lake waters was estimated at 20.6–21.7°C at that time. These values are concordant with the pollen-inferred July air temperatures noted during the Holsteinian in eastern Poland. Relatively high values of ~25°C in the post-optimum noted at Szymanowo were connected with the presence of a shallow and warm isolated bay indicated by pollen and mollusc records.
EN
The malacofauna of the palaeolake deposits at Szymanowo (eastern Poland) was investigated. It represents the younger part of the climatic optimum of the Mazovian (Holsteinian) Interglacial (~MIS 11) and possibly the postoptimal period. The mollusc assemblage is composed of both standing and running water species, mostly connected with temperate climate. The presence of biostratigraphical indicators of the Mazovian, Viviparus diluvianus (Kunth, 1865), Lithoglyphus jahni Urbański, 1975 and Pisidium clessini Neumayr, 1875, is noteworthy. Variability in the structure and composition of the assemblage enables palaeoecological reconstruction. Changes in the water-level, vegetation and energy conditions are inferred from the malacological succession. Three stages of the lake development were distinguished. The first one is connected with deeper conditions and predominance of V. diluvianus and L. jahni. The second one, dominated by Bithynia tentaculata (Linnaeus, 1758), records a fall of the water-level and the growth of aquatic plants, evidenced by high frequencies of Valvata cristata Müller, 1774 and Acroloxus lacustris (Linnaeus, 1758). The third stage corresponds to another rise of the water-level and an increase in V. diluvianus, L. jahni, Valvata piscinalis Müller, 1774 and Pisidium henslowanum (Sheppard, 1823), which evidence some higher energy conditions.
EN
The paper presents results of pollen analysis of organic sediments from the site Katowice 2. Six local pollen assemblage zones identified in the section represent the youngest part of Mazovian Interglacial. The pollen spectra of the basal part of the section display some changes indicative of intra-interglacial cooling, well recorded in many profiles of this interglacial in Poland. The forest landscape was subsequently dominated by hornbeam-fir communities which were replaced later by those of pine forests. In turn, taxa of thermophilous aquatic plants, represented by pollen Trapa and microsporangia Azolla filiculoides and Salvinia evidence of lacustrine environment. The results of pollen analysis of sediments from the Katowice site and those hitherto obtained from some other localities in western and central part of the Polish Uplands (Malice, Raków, Wielki Bór, Konieczki i Białe Ługi) became the basis for distinguishing seven regional pollen zones for this area. As compared to pollen succession from Podlasie and eastern Poland, the most significant differences concern the course of pollen curves of Carpinus and Abies and the sequence of their pollen culmination.
EN
Eastern Poland is a region, where a lot of sites with detailed palynological records of the Mazovian (Holsteinian) Interglacial are located. The pollen succession of this interglacial in Eastern Poland has specific features: high proportions of Pterocarya pollen, the occurrence of Parrotia pollen and a distinct share of pollen of other exotic taxa, among others: Juglans, Ilex, Celtis, Buxus and Vitis. Palynological studies reveal variability proportions of Taxus in the Ma IV Taxus-Picea-Alnus zone. The presence of intra-interglacial cooling is distinct in sediments of this age.
EN
The paper shows results of pollen analysis of organic sediments from the site Malice (M1). The diagram includes 11 local pollen zones representing Mazovian Interglacial. Forest landscape in the vicinity of the site has changed together with the climate amelioration. In the beginning of the interglacial, birch and pine forests predominated in this area. Later, they were replaced by alder, spruce and yew communities, and next by multispecies deciduous forests and fir woods. Warm and humid climate of this interglacial is indicated for instance by high percentage of Taxus pollen (49%). According to Janczyk-Kopikowa, 1991 at the beginning of the pollen period III the pollen curves show that an intrainterglacial climate cooling might have taken place what has also been recorded in many pollen diagrams of this interglacial in Poland. Pollen succession from Malice, apart from features characteristic for the succession of Mazovian Interglacial, also shows many local features caused by differentiation of habitats, and various hydrological and microclimatic conditions. Similar features are also revealed from the succession at the site Konieczki located nearby. Despite the fact that the influence of oceanic climate in Mazovian Interglacial reached farther eastwards than it is now, the forest landscape of Poland was also regionally differentiated, although not as distinctly as it is today.
PL
W południowej części Kotliny Oświęcimskiej, na terenie Wysoczyzny Kończyckiej występują osady organiczne z zachowanym fragmentem sukcesj i interglacjalnej. W profilu otworu badawczego położonego w Pruchnej na południe od drogi Pruchna-Zebrzydowice można wyróżnić trzy części. Górna część zawiera osady eoliczne wykształcone jako gliny lessowate z zachowanymi śladami gleb kopalnych. Ten ponad 4-metrowy zespół utworów osadził się w czasie zlodowaceń środkowopolskich i północnopolskiego. Środkowa część profilu to osady organiczne, które reprezentują fragment sukcesji interglacjalnej powiązanej z interglacjałem mazowieckim oraz podścielający je niewielki fragment osadów pylastych o genezie eolicznej. Dolna część profilu otworu w Pruchnej obejmuje 7-metrową serię osadów glacigenicznych. Najniższa część otworu reprezentuje osady mioceńskie. Omawiany profil jest położony w strefie, gdzie dotychczas przyjmowano możliwość dwukrotnego wkroczenia lądolodu skandynawskiego w czasie zlodowaceń południowopolskich i środkowopolskich. Uzyskane wyniki badań wykluczająmożliwość wkroczenia lądolodu w południową część Kotliny Oświęcimskiej w czasie zlodowaceń środkowopolskich. W nawiązaniu do profilu w Kończycach można stwierdzić, że pod osadami pylastymi, a nad osadami glacigenicznymi związanymi z maksymalnym rozprzestrzenieniem się lądolodu skandynawskiego, mogą znajdować się osady organiczne z różnych ciepłych pięter plejstocenu od kompleksu południowopolskiego lub kompleksu kromerskiego po interglacjał eemski.
EN
Biogenic sediments with fragments of an interglacial succession have been found in the southern part of the Oświęcim Basin (Kończyce Plateau). This tripartite section is situated in a village of Pruchna, to the south of the Pruchna-Zebrzydowice road. The upper part of the section is of aeolian origin and contains loess-like loams with traces of palaeosoils. This sedimentary complex, exceeding 4 m in thickness, was deposited during the Middle Polish and North Polish glaciations. The middle part of the section is built of organic sediments, which represent a part of the Mazovian Interglacial succession. They rest on a thin layer of loess-like sediments. The lower portion of the section from Pruchna covers a 7-m thick series of glacigenic sediments. Deposits from the bottom of the section are of Miocene age. The section is situated in the area where two Scandinavian ice-sheet transgressions, i.e. the South Polish and Middle Polish glaciations, are supposed to have occurred. The results of our studies rule out the possibility of the presence of Middle Polish Glaciations ice-sheet in the southern part of the Oświęcim Basin. Taking into consideration the pollen succession from the Kończyce section, it may be expected that organic sediments of various interglacial ages (from the South Polish Complex or the Cromerian Complex up to the Eemian) may occur between the loess-like and glacigenic sediments related to the maximum extent of the Scandinavian ice-sheet.
PL
W długiej sekwencji zdarzeń plejstoceńskich zapisanych w osadach rowu Kleszczowa ważne ogniwo stanowią utwory jeziorne interglacjału mazowieckiego. Utwory tego wieku stwierdzono w stanowisku Folwark 93K. W rejonie Folwarku osady jeziorne występowały w nieckowatym obniżeniu, utworzonym przez lądolód w stropie gliny moreny dennej. Bezpośrednio na glinie spoczywały piaski z okresu deglacjacji. Po ich akumulacji na początku interglacjału rozpoczęła się sedymentacja jeziorna. Zapisany w osadach ciąg zdarzeń wskazuje, że interglacjał mazowiecki poprzedzony był zlodowaceniem środkowej Polski. Przeczy to poglądowi, że ten okres ciepły od poprzedniego interglacjału oddzielał okres zimny z panującymi wyłącznie warunkami peryglacjalnymi. Osady organiczne wypełniające zagłębienie w stanowisku Folwark 93K zostały opracowane metodą analizy pyłkowej i okrzemkowej. Wyniki obu analiz wskazują, że akumulacja osadów zachodziła w interglacjale mazowieckim. Na podstawie zmian składu gatunkowego i relatywnej frekwencji (udziału procentowego) okrzemek, w badanych osadach wyróżniono siedem lokalnych poziomów okrzemkowych. Poziomy te reprezentują sukcesję okrzemek, na podstawie której scharakteryzowano cztery główne stadia rozwoju kopalnego jeziora w Folwarku, w nawiązaniu do wyników badań palinologicznych opisanych w sześciu lokalnych poziomach pyłkowych interglacjału mazowieckiego. Stadia rozwoju jeziora w stanowisku Folwark 93K porównano ze stadiami rozwoju równowiekowego jeziora w Adamówce (Kotlina Sandomierska) oraz wykazano ich podobieństwo do rozwoju jezior interglacjału lichwińskiego w Rosji oraz interglacjału aleksandryjskiego na Białorusi.
EN
In the long sequence of Pleistocene events recorded in the Kleszczów Graben deposits, lacustrine sediments of the Mazovian Interglacial constitute an important member. Mazovian deposits were encountered in the Folwark 93K site. In the Folwark area, lacustrine sediments occurred in a syncline formed by an ice-sheet in a basal moraine till. The till was overlain by a sand layer deposited during a deglaciation period. Later, lacustrine accumulation was initiated at the beginning of the interglacial. The sequence of events recorded in the deposits indicates that the area of Central Poland already was glaciated before the Mazovian Interglacial. This conclusion contradicts the opinion that the warm period was separated from the previous interglacial by a cool period with an exclusively periglacial environment. Organic deposits, infilling the depression at the Folwark 93K site, were investigated by a pollen and diatom analysis. The results of the both the analyses indicate that accumulation of these deposits took place during the Mazovian Interglacial. According to changes in diatom composition and relative diatom frequency (percentage contribution of diatoms), seven local diatom assemblage zones were distinguished. These zones represent the diatom succession being the basis for characterisation of four main evolutionary phases of the ancient lake at Folwark, supported by the results of palynological investigations. The evolutionary phases of the Folwark lake were compared with development phases of the Adamówka lake (Sandomierz Basin), which is of the same age. The study also proved similarities in the development of these lakes to the lakes of the Likhvinian Interglacial in Russia and Alexandrian Interglacial in Belarus.
EN
Gajec [Rze-1] borehole was drilled for needs of detailed geological mapping of Poland at the scale 1 : 50 000 (sheet Rzepin ). A deep tunnel valley was recognized in this borehole. It was eroded to 120 m below a see level in the Lower Miocene sediments. The tunnel was filled with 85 m thick series of sands, mud and dusty till deposited during the San Glaciation [the Elsterian Glaciation]. The sediments from the depth interval of 67,9 m - 57,1 m have been examined by palinological analysis. The data obtained indicate that the pollen succession from the Gajec section has features characteristic of the Mazovian [Holsteinian] pollen succession. These features are the high proportion of coniferous trees [Pinus, Picea, Taxus, Abies], and the association of Alnus with Picea and Carpinus with Abies, Quercus and Corylus as well the most abundant thermophilous elements. Warmth-demanding taxa are represented by pollen of Pterocarya, Celtis, Juglans, Buxus, Ilex aquifolium and Vitis.
EN
Lake sediments of the Mazovian Interglacial were found in boreholes Kasyldów and Wola Okrzejska 48, and deposits of the Eemian Interglacial were discovered in Wola Okrzejska 49 and Szczepaniec bore-holes. The pollen succession recorded in the lacustrine sediments in the pro-files Kasyldów and Wola Okrzejska 48 is characteristic for the Mazovian Interglacial, and those from the profiles Wola Okrzejska 49 and Szczepaniec typical for the Eemian Interglacial. The biogenic sediments in the Kasyldów and Wola Okrzejska (48) were accumulated in lakes, formed after meltdown of the Sanian 2 (Wilgian) ice-sheet. These sites are located within the Mazovian Lakeland, in the south-east of the Żelechów Upland. The glacial horizon of the Sanian 2 (Wilgian) Glaciation occurs under Mazovian sediments. The fluvioglacial deposits of the Wartanian Glaciation cover the lacustrine sediments. The Eemian sites at Wola Okrzejska 49 and Szczepaniec are located in the Okrzejka River valley, which was formed after the Wartanian Glaciation. The silts of the Wartanian Glaciation occur below Eemian deposits. The sands of the Vistulian Glaciation and peats of the Holocene cover the lacustine deposits of the Eemian Interglacial. These sites are important for stratigraphy of sediments, which fill the Okrzejka, Wilga and Mała Bystrzyca valleys.
EN
The northern part of Lubusz Lakeland is the area of a various relief, where are clearly marked morphological by varied Ośno-Sulechów Hills and a flat Torzym Plain, situated farther south. Both units are cut by deep valleys used by rivers and lakes. The relief generally arose at the end of South-Polish Glaciations. In the first stage, push moraine[Ośno-Sulechów Hills] formed of folded Paleogene and Neogene and Quaternary sediments. The extent of the vertical Cenozoic sediment movements presumably exceeds 250 m. On the Torzym Plain, there were much less disturbed Paleogene and Neogene sediments in the form of a big beaming folding structures. In spite of the lack of Paleogene and Neogene convincing evidence, it’s not possible to reject tectonic movements during formation Ooeno-Sulechów Hills and Torzym Plain. The younger glaciations modified earlier elements of this relief to a small extent. During the next stage of the South-Polish Glaciations [Sanian] very deep subglacial valleys were eroded, which probably were connected with the drainage system of central and northern Germany. The valleys cut out the subglacial zone of Ośno-Sulechów Hills and Torzym Plain to the depth of over 160 m b.s.l. Those valleys still existed during the next glaciations and interglacials, as indicated by fluvial and lacustrine sediments of Mazovian Interglacial age, as well as valley sandurs of Pliszka and Ilanka rivers originated during the Weichselian.
EN
Rühle (1968) discerned the Wylezin Interstadial (or Interglacial) in the profile Wylezin 1. The lacustrine deposits occur above the tills of the Maximum Stadial and under sediments of the Mazovian-Podlasian Stadial of the Middle Polish Glaciations. Dyakowska (1969) correlated the lake sediments with Mazovian Interglacial. Clays of the Łukowian Interstadial occur between tills of the Krznanian and Maximum Stadials of the Middle Polish Glaciations.The boreholes Wylezin WN.1/99 and WN. 2/99 were drilled for geological maping, near profile Wylezin 1. The pollen succession in the lake sediments in the profile Wylezin is characteristic for the Mazovian Interglacial. Seven local pollen zones were identified in the pollen diagram fromWylezinWN.1/99. Three glacial horizons of the South Polish Glaciation (Wilgian (Sanian 2), Sanian 1, and Nidanian) occur below Mazovian sediments. The sands of the Odranian and Vistulian Glaciations cover the lacustrine sediments. The glacial and fluvial deposits of the Odranian and Wartanian Glaciations are documented in the section Niwa Babicka. The samples from Wylezin and Niwa Babicka boreholes were investigated with palynological, lithological/petrographic and magnetostratigraphic methods. The Pleistocene sediments fromWylezin were accumulated in the Brunhes palaeomagnetic epoch, but Quaternary deposits from Niwa Babicka were accumulated in the Matuyama and Brunhes palaeomagnetic epochs. Thus, the stratigraphic interpretation of profile Wylezin 1 by Rühle is erroneous.
PL
Interglacjał mazowiecki w tej części Pojezierza Mazurskiego reprezentują osady jeziorno-rzeczne z kopalną florą udokumentowane w otworach kartograficznych. Osady tego interglacjału zostały udokumentowane w otworze Budry (Krupiński 1998, Pochocka-Szwarc, Lisicki 1999). Są to osady jeziorno-rzeczne z florą o miąższości 12m i usytuowane są na wysokości 30–18m p.p.m. Wyniki badań paleobotanicznych 1,5metrowego odcinka rdzenia (mułki ilaste) pobranego z głęb. 132,5-134,0 m pozwoliły wydzielić siedem L PAZ. Odzwierciedlają one występowanie roślinności borów i lasów mieszanych, borów mieszanych oraz lasów i borów mieszanych o charakterze interglacjalnym. Występujące elementy florystyczne (min. Pterocarya, Azolla filiculoides, Vitis, Ilex) i cechy sukcesji zbiorowisk roslinnych pozwalaja wiązać akumulację badanych osadów z interglacjałem mazowieckim.
EN
The Mazovian Interglacial sediments have been documented in Budry borehole. They are limnic and fluvial sediments about 12 m thick and they are occure at 30-19 m a.s.l. Results of pollen analysis of a 1.5 m core segment allowed to discern seven L PAZ (Local Pollen Assemblage Zones). These L PAZ indicate typical flora for interglacial coniferous forests and mixed forests. Such taxa as Pterocarya, Azollafiliculoides, Vitis, Ilex and composition of the plants communites succesion indicate that limnical sediments from Budry borehole date Mazovian Interglacial.
PL
rofil otworu wiertniczego Białe Ługi 5B znajduje się w centralnej części Gór Świętokrzyskich, na południowy-wschód od Daleszyc i Słopca Szlacheckiego. Wiercenie wykonano w strefie przykrawędziowej torfowiska, w obrębie akumulacyjno-erozyjnej terasy z okresu zlodowacenia środkowopolskiego. Spąg serii organicznej nie został przewiercony na skutek trudności technicznych. Mimo to prezentowana sukcesja pyłkowa ma wiele cech, które pozwalają wiązać ją z interglacjałem mazowieckim. Jedną z nich jest obecność w osadach pyłku skrzydłoorzecha (Pterocarya). Sukcesja pyłkowa obejmuje młodszą część interglacjału mazowieckiego, tj. schyłek II oraz III i IV okres pyłkowy wg Szafera (1953) oraz początek ochłodzenia o randze glacjału. Osady interglacjału mazowieckiego, wykształcone w postaci torfów i mułków organicznych, zalegają na głębokości 12,8-10,8 m i są przykryte jedynie mułkami oraz piaskami.
EN
The Białe Ługi 5B section is located in the central part of the Holy Cross Mts, SE from Daleszyce and Slopiec Szlachecki. The borehole was made at the peat-bog verge, within the accumulational-erosional terrace from the Saalian Glaciation. Some technical problems caused that the organic series was not drilled trough. Despite of this, the presented pollen succession shows a number of features, which allows to correlate with the Mazovian Interglacial (the presence ofPterocarya pollen among them). The pollen succession embraces the younger part of the Mazovian Interglacial, i.e., the decline of the second, third and forth pollen periods according to Szafer (1953), and the beginning of a cooling of glacial rank. Interglacial deposits, mainly peats and organic muds (silts), are present from 12.8 to 10.8 m below the surface, and are covered by silts and sands.
EN
The sediments of fossil lakes at Adamówka, Krępiec and Biała Podlaska are here the object of biostratigraphic comparison and correlation on the basis of diatom analysis. These sediments fill various lakes that have developed during, or shortly after the Sanian 2 Glaciation. Adamówka and Biała Podlaska represent small, shallow, melt-out lakes, whereas Krępiec represents a larger, deeper lake created in a postglacial valley of tectonic origin. Four Local Diatom Assemblage Zones were determined at Adamówka and Krępiec and five zones in Biała Podlaska. These local zones correspond to the three and four pollen periods, respectively, of the Mazovian Interglacial. The Adamówka site is characterized mainly by the Cyclotella-Fragilaria flora, the Biała Podlaska site by Fragilaria-Cyclotella-Aulacoseira and Krępiec by Stephanodiscus-Cyclotella-Aulacoseira-Fragilaria. The identified diatom succession and the presence of characteristic diatoms (Cyclotella comta/or C. radiosa var. lichvinensis and var. pliocaenica, C. cf. temperiana and C. vorticosa/or C. schumannii) evidence the same age - Mazovian (=Holsteinian, Likhvinian, Alexandrian) Interglacial, in accord with the palynological data.
EN
Recent palynological examination of lake sediments from Zakrucze near Małogoszcz indicates possible correlation to the Mazovian Interglacial. These sediments fill a fluvial-karstic depression, incised in tills of the South-Polish Glaciations (Sanian 1 and Sanian 2). Lake sediments are located in extraglacial zone of the Middle-Polish Glaciations (Odranian and Wartanian), and are mantled with glaciofluvial series of the first of these glaciations and with younger fluvial-slope-deposits.
PL
Wykonane ostatnio badania palinologiczne osadów jeziornych z profilu Zakrucze koło Małogoszcza nie potwierdziły wcześniejszej sugestii o możliwości wiązania ich z interglacjałem eemskim. Z bada tych wynika, że zachowany w analizowanych osadach materiał pyłkowy dokumentuje cztery (I-IV) okresy rozwoju flory typowej dla interglacjału mazowieckiego. Osady te wypełniają obniżenie rzeczno-krasowe rozcinające gliny zwałowe dwóch zlodowaceń południowopolskich (sanu 1 i sanu 2). Analizowane osady interglacjalne wystepują poza zasięgiem lądolodów zlodowacen środkowopolskich (odry i warty) i przykryte są jedynie serią glacifluwialna pierwszego z tych zlodowaceń oraz młodszymi osadami rzeczno-zboczowymi.
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