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1

Faunistic analysis of the section Leb 1 in the Gardno-Łeba Coastal Plain, northern Poland

Wojciechowska Paulina, Wojciechowski Adam

Studia Quaternaria

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2021

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Vol. 38, Nr 2

117--126

EN

The article presents results of the faunistic analysis of the Leb 1 sediment core collected from the marginal zone of the Lake Łebsko. The 5 m long core contained 10,603 specimens of freshwater and brackish-marine fauna, represented by 13 taxa of molluscs, 3 species of ostracods, 2 taxa of foraminifers and a species of the order Coleoptera, and genera Balanus and Gammarus. Lithology of the sediments and species composition of the fauna permitted distinguishing 3 development phases of the Lake Łebsko: brackish-marine phase (500–400 cm), limnic phase with varied salinity (400–100 cm) and swamp phase (100–0 cm), indicating progressive overgrowing of the marginal zone of the lake since the 13th century.

2

Growth rates of common pelagic ciliates in a highly eutrophic lake measured with a modified dilution method

Rychert K.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2016

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Vol. 45, No. 2

216--229

PL

The growth rates of ciliates estimated under natural conditions with the widely used size fractionation method are much lower than those observed in cultures. However, recent studies performed with a modified dilution method demonstrated that the size fractionation method underestimates the ciliate growth, because it does not remove predators of the same size as the organisms studied. Thus, it is still unresolved whether ciliates are food-limited in different systems and whether their growth rates are indeed lower than those in cultures. This study was conducted in highly eutrophic Lake Gardno using a modified dilution method. Each time, two dilution experiments were performed (around noon and around midnight). Four small, common ciliates from the genera Rimostrombidium, Tintinnidium, Cyclidium, and Urotricha were studied. The first three ciliates demonstrated very high mean diel growth rates exceeding 0.1 h-1, which corresponded well to the highest values reported in the literature for the ciliate growth in cultures at similar temperatures. Tintinnidium sp. demonstrated a diel growth rhythm. Urotricha sp. was sensitive to the experimental procedure, and measurements of its growth were unsuccessful. Concentrations of food particles were analyzed to check whether organisms studied were food satiated.

3

Reconstruction of palaeoecological changes in Lake Łebsko on the basis diatom analysis (the southern Baltic coast, Poland)

Staszak-Piekarska A., Rzodkiewicz M.

Landform Analysis

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2015

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Vol. 29

81--90

EN

This study focuses on diatom assemblages occurring in core Łeb1 of Late-glacial and Holocene deposits from Lake Łebsko, off the southern coast of the Baltic Sea. Diatom-inferred environmental characteristics, e.g., water level, water salinity (conductivity), trophic status and pH, from the Holocene are presented. In the sediments from the early Boreal/early Atlantic period, an increase in the participation of brackish-freshwater species is observed, as well as increased numbers of Chaetoceros spores in the samples. The Atlantic sediments of Lake Łebsko mirror conditions typical of the Littorina Sea phase during the development of the Baltic Sea (from c. 7,500 BP to c. 5,000 BP). However, communities of that period dominated by fresh-brackish water species suggest the relatively low salinity of the waters. The presence of isolated frustules of Terpsinoë americana and other typically marine species, e.g., Mastogloia smithii, and the occurrence of silts with Cardium shell detritus point to the Littorina transgression and the functioning of a lagoon within the area of present-day Lake Łebsko. During Subboreal occurrence, a higher number of brackish-freshwater diatoms corresponds to an increase in the water level of the Baltic Sea (approximately 3,000 14C BP). Changes in diatom community structure imply a close relationship with the climate controlled eustatic rise of ocean level and the consequent Littorina transgression, as with other southern Baltic Sea localities.

4

Heavy Metals in Surface Microlayer in Water of Lake Gardno

Trojanowski J., Antonowicz J.

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2011

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Vol. 37, no. 1

75-88

EN

In the present paper we show results of our research on the contents of selected heavy metals in the surface and subsurface water layers of the estuarine lake Gardno. Obtained results show that there are substantial differences between concentrations of lead, copper and zinc in surface microlayer and subsurface waters. We observed that the surface microlayer is capable of accumulating much higher amounts of these metals than the subsurface waters. Analysis of seasonal changes in heavy metal concentrations in surface microlayers and subsurface waters shows some periodicity of these changes.

PL

W prezentowanej pracy są przedstawione wyniki analizy stężenia metali ciężkich w powierzchniowej i podpowierzchniowej warstwie wody estuariowego jeziora Gardno. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że są znaczące różnice między stężeniem ołowiu, miedzi i cynku w mikrowarstwie powierzchniowej wody a ich stężeniem w warstwie wody podpowierzchniowej. Zaobserwowano, że mikrowarstwa powierzchniowa ma zdolność do akumulowania znacznie wyższych ilości tych metali niż woda podpowierzchniowa. Analiza zmian sezonowych fluktuacji koncentracji metali ciężkich w mikrowarstwie powierzchniowej i podpowierzchniowej wody wskazuje na periodyczny charakter tych zmian.

5

The influence of sub-Quaternary basement on the relief in the eastern part of the Pomeranian Lakeland, Poland

Petelski K.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2011

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Vol. 81, No 1

105-114

EN

Geological mapping works, conducted on 1:50,000 litho-petrographic map sheets of the South Baltic coast and the eastern part of the Pomerania Lakeland, show a clear relationship between large landforms of this area, like: subglacial channels, Wieżyca Hill, the ice lobe that accumulated Gardno moraine deposits, and sub-Quaternary relief. These landforms came into existence as a result of reactivation of pre-existing fault zones in the sub-Cainozoic basement, due to the ice mass loading during successive Pleistocene ice-sheet advances. Subglacial channels developed and thick tills and ice-dammed lake deposits were accumulated in the region. The subglacial channels and morainic belts are now dominating landforms in the Pomeranian Lakeland.

6

Factors controlling pelagic production and respiration in a shallow polymictic lake

Wielgat-Rychter M., Rychter K., Ficek D.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2010

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Vol. 58, nr 2

379-385

EN

Shallow lakes, defined as 'nonstratifying', polymictic water bodies are usually eutrophic and highly productive, and more turbid than deeper lakes due to bottom sediment resuspension. Gross primary production (GPP) and total planktonic community respiration (TCR) were measured in a very shallow (on average 1.2 m deep) and large (area 25 km2), polymictic, eutrophic Lake Gardno (Baltic coastal lake, Northern Poland) with the light-and-dark bottle method. The aim was to compare GPP to TCR ratio in the pelagic zone in a course of a year and identify factors governing these processes. Identified factors governing GPP were light conditions and temperature, with Q[10] = 2.23 in the 2-24.5[degrees]C temperature range, whereas TCR was driven by water temperature (Q[10] = 2.15 in the same temperature range) and by organic matter content in water. TCR was correlated with total suspended matter (effect of bottom sediment resuspension due to wind action in a very shallow lake), however not with chlorophyll content. During two-year measurement period (years 2006 and 2007), annual GPP amounted to 402 and 471 g C m[^-2], and TCR amounted to 192 and 223 g C m[^-2] respectively. Lake Gardno pelagic system seemed to be net autotrophic on annual basis; GPP to TCR ratio = 2.1. Part of the organic matter produced in pelagial is probably deposited in bottom sediments decomposed there. Wind induced resuspension increases matter content in water (measured here as TSM content) and thus contributes to pelagic respiration processes (TCR).

7

Geochemistry of surface sediments of a coastal Lake Sarbsko (northern Poland)

Woszczyk M., Cieśliński R., Spychalski W.

Studia Quaternaria

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2009

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Vol. 26

41-53

EN

The main goal of the presented research was to investigate spatial distribution of surface sediments and to recognize relationships between chemical composition of water and sediments in a coastal Lake Sarbsko (northern Poland). The Lake Sarbsko is a freshwater basin. The water column is well oxygenated and waters exhibit only minor spatial variability of chemical composition indicating rapid and good mixing. Surface sediments of Lake Sarbsko are strongly diversified with respect to chemical composition. The sediments of Lake Sarbsko are characterized by elevated content of terrigenous silica indicating enhanced input of clastic material from the watershed and/or increased dynamics of the lake waters. Moreover, SiO2ter is strongly negatively correlated with SiO2biog, organic matter and element contents, which argues for diluting effect of the former towards authigenic components of sediments. Basically, terrigenous silica (quartz) content is highest in the lake shores and declines towards the lake center. Biogenic silica, organic matter and most of elements display reversed tendency. CaCO3 was encountered in three isolated areas, where it co-occurs with FeS. It is anticipated that precipitation of calcite in Lake Sarbsko resulted from postdepositional processes. Spatial distribution of Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, Na and K in Lake Sarbsko is also governed by their geochemical affinities to organic matter (Fe), Fe/Mn oxides (Fe, Mn), sulphides (Fe), clay minerals (Na, K, Mg, Mn) and carbonates (Ca, Mn).

8

Klimatyczne uwarunkowania transgresji morskich południowego Bałtyku w zapisie osadów Niziny Gardzieńsko - Łebskiej

Wojciechowski A.

Landform Analysis

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2008

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Vol. 7

172--184

PL

Artykuł przedstawia korelację faz transgresyjnych południowego Bałtyku z obszaru Niziny Gardzieńsko-Łebskiej z dwoma cyklami klimatycznymi: cyklem ~1150-letnim oraz cyklem ~2300-letnim, odtworzonymi z zapisu osadów jeziornych (środkowa Wielkopolska). Przedstawione porównanie wykazało silny związek występowania faz transgresji litorynowej z ciepłymi okresami klimatycznymi holocenu w cyklu ~1150-letnim, których kulminacje przypadły na: 7800 lat BP (faza transgresyjna NGL 1), 6650 lat BP (NGL 2), 5500 lat BP (NGL 3) oraz 4350 lat BP (NGL 4), a także transgresji postlitorynowych przypadających na optimum rzymskie (faza NGL 5) oraz średniowieczne optimum klimatyczne (faza NGL 6), rozdzielonych fazą regresji morza związaną z ochłodzeniem klimatu przypadającym na okres wędrówek ludów. Natomiast ze współczesnym ociepleniem klimatu korelowana jest najmłodsza faza transgresyjna (NGL 7) poprzedzona okresem regresji, związanymz małą epoką lodową. Odzwierciedleniemcyklu ~2300-letniego są serie transgresyjne widoczne w zapisie osadów barierowych Mierzei Łebskiej. Odpowiadają one trzemfazomtransgresji morskich, występujących w okresie 6600–6000 BP (transgresja 2), 4500–4200 lat BP (transgresja 3) oraz w okresie młodszym od 1700 lat BP (transgresja 3).Wartykule podkreślono również klimatyczne podobieństwo zapisu transgresji morskich z obszaru Niziny Gardzieńsko-Łebskiej z całym wybrzeżem południowobałtyckim.

EN

The paper presents the correlation of transgression phases of the southern Baltic over the Gardno-Łeba Lowland with the climatic cycles, the c. 1150 yrs and c. 2300 yrs long cycle respectively, previously recognized in the lake sediment record from the Kórnik–Zaniemyśl trough in the central Wielkopolska region. The presented comparative diagram (Fig. 2) reveals strong correlation of marine transgressions of the southern Baltic and warm phases during the Holocene, the latter appearing according to the 1150 yrs cycle. The phases of Littorina Sea advances, recognized in the peat profile Kluki/74 (Tobolski 1987), in the Gardno Lake sediments (Wojciechowski 1990) and in its surroundings (Florek, Orłowski 1991, Florek, Majewski 1997), and in the sediments of the Łebsko Barrier (Rotnicki 1999, 2001, Rotnicki et al. 1999, 2008) match climatic optima dated for 7800 BP (transgressive phaseNGL 1), 6650 BP (NGL 2), 5500 BP (NGL 3), and 4350 BP (NGL 4). Likewise, strong correlation exists between warming phases according to the 1150 yrs cycle and post-Littorina transgressions during the Roman period (NGL 5) and the medieval warm optimum (NGL 6), the latter separated by marine regression during cooling phase of the Migrations period. The current climatic warming is correlated with the youngest transgressive phase (NGL 7), however preceded by the regression during the Little Ice Age. Sea withdrawal phases and related cold and wet periods are recorded in sub-fossil tree trunks in the beach zone of the Łebsko Barrier. Subsequent forest dieback in this zone has been caused by rising sea levels afterwards. The c. 2300 yrs cycle, corresponding to the Halstatt cycle, is reflected in the marine transgressive series of the deposits building the Łebsko Barrier. They were laid down in the time interval of 6600-6000 BP (transgression 2), 4500–4200 BP (transgression 3) and after 1700 BP (transgression 4). This cycle does also reflect the current warming and the associated sea level rise. In the paper, climatic similarities between the record from the Gardno-Łeba Lowland and the South Baltic coast in general have been emphasized (Fig. 2), using examples from southern Sweden (Yu 2003a, b), German coast (Gramsch 2002, Lampe 2002, 2005) and Lithuanian coast (Gelumbauskaitë, Deèkus 2005).

9

Ewolucja poglądów na budowę geologiczną i powstanie gardzieńskiej moreny czołowej

Petelski K.

Landform Analysis

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2008

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Vol. 7

130--137

PL

Wzgórza czołowomorenowe otaczające od zachodu i południa jezioro Gardno tworzą jeden z najbardziej wyraźnych krajobrazów lobalnych w Polsce. W roku 2007 minęło 150 lat od pierwszej publikacji poświęconej budowie geologicznej i rzeźbie gardzieńskiej moreny czołowej (Borne 1857). Artykuł stanowi podsumowanie wyników prac wielu autorów, którzy prowadzili badania na tym obszarze. Budowa geologiczna tej formy oraz charakter kontaktu utworów, z których jest zbudowana, z utworami przedpola potwierdzają transgresywny charakter fazy gardzieńskiej ostatniego zlodowacenia, co doprowadziło do powstania wzniesień lobu gardzieńskiego. Z nasunięciem lobu gardzieńskiego jest związany poziom brązowej gliny zwałowej, występujący jedynie po stronie proksymalnej wału gardzieńskiej moreny czołowej. Kontakt gliny zwałowej fazy gardzieńskiej z zaburzonymi glacitektonicznie utworami budującymi spiętrzone jądro wału czołowomorenowego widoczny jest w odsłonięciach klifu pomiędzy wsiami Dębina i Poddąbie.

EN

The long period of geomorphological and geological research of the area occupied by the Gardno ice sheet lobe, more than 150 years in total, has culminated in the preparation of the Smołdzino sheet of the Detailed Geological Map of Poland, at 1:50,000 scale. However, additional data is required for the northern and central section of the lobe area, where deep boreholes are missing. The results of new drillings might help to explain the structure of Quaternary infill of the fossil valley of Gardno. The recognition of tectonic origin of sub-Quaternary relief would be possible if geophysical prospecting is applied, and high-resolution seismic reflection in particular. In this way, dislocation zones in the sub-Quaternary bedrock and their possible influence on the geometry of the top surface of pre-Quaternary strata might be detected. The problem of Quaternary tectonic movements genetically linked with isostatic rebound pertains to the entire region of Pomorze (Pomerania).

10

Ewolucja jezior przybrzeżnych Niziny Gardzieńsko - Łebskiej na tle rozwoju środkowego wybrzeża Bałtyku w świetle badań malakologicznych

Wojciechowski A.

Landform Analysis

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2008

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Vol. 7

154--171

PL

Wartykule przedstawiono syntezę dotychczasowego stanu wiedzy o rozwoju jezior przybrzeżnych Niziny Gardzieńsko- Łebskiej i środkowego wybrzeża Bałtyku, bazującą na wynikach badań malakologicznych. Analizy zespołów mięczaków z osadów limnicznych i morskich pozwoliły na wyróżnienie czterech faz rozwojowych jezior: wczesnoholoceńskiej fazy limniczno-bagiennej (trwającej od późnego glacjału do około 7500 lat 14C BP), fazy lagunowej (około 7500–6600 lat 14C BP), fazy przejściowej, słonawowodno-limnicznej (6600–4000 lat 14C BP) oraz fazy jeziornej (młodszej od 4000 lat 14C BP).W artykule wykazano, iż sukcesja malakofauny jest odzwierciedleniem regionalnych przemian środowiska, zarejestrowanych podobnymi zmianami zespołów fauny na całym wybrzeżu południowego Bałtyku.

EN

The papers presents the synthesis of the current understanding of the evolution of coastal lakes in the Gardno-Łeba Lowland. Particular emphasis has been placed upon the influence of pre-Holocene surface topography on lake basin evolution and water level changes caused by the transgression of southern Baltic. Malacological analysis reveals four phases in lake environmental history: limnic-swampy phase, lagoon phase, transitional brackish-limnic phase, and limnic phase. The oldest, early Holocene limnic-swampy phase in the Gardno-Łeba Lowland area is represented by Preboreal and Boreal assemblages with freshwater fauna, described as Planorbis phase. It is characterized by rich assemblages, in terms of both number of individuals and species, composed of members of Planorbis, accompanied by Bithynia tentaculata, Valvata piscinalis and Pisidium. The lagoon-marine phase, described as Scrobicularia phase (7500–6000 BP), is defined by a homogeneous assemblage of malacofauna, consisting entirely of brackish and marine species, such as Hydrobia ulvae, H. ventrosa, Cerastoderma glaucum, Macoma baltica, Mytilus edulis and indicative Lusitanian and Lower Boreal species for the Mesoholocene of the southern Baltic, including Scrobicularia plana, Rissoa membranaea, R. inconspicua, Parvicardium exiguum and Mysella bidentata. The transitional brackish-limnic phase Cardium (6600–4000 BP) is correlated with late Littorina transgressive phases. It is dominated by Cardium glaucum, with minor percentage of Hydrobia ventrosa, Mytilus edulis, and sporadic freshwater species. The limnic Lymnaea phase corresponds with the post-Littorina period (4000 BP–1900 AD). The onset of this phase is marked by an assemblage with dominating Theodoxus fluviatilis, the optimum – by Lymnea peregra assemblages, whereas frequent Bithynia tentaculata indicate the end of the phase. The youngest Potamopyrgus phase includes recent lake sediments from the last 100 years and is marked by the first appearance of a new mollusc species in the coastal zone of the Baltic – Potamopyrgus antipodarium. The malacofauna succession identified in the coastal lakes in the Gardno-Łeba Lowland reflects regional environmental change, recorded by similar faunal assemblages throughout the southern coast of the Baltic.

11

Balance and circulation of nutrients in a shallow coastal Lake Gardno (North Poland)

Trojanowski J., Trojanowski C.

Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska

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2007

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Vol. 33, no. 1

45-57

EN

In 2002 the circulation of nutrients and their balance was studied in a large, shallow, eutrophic Lake Gardno. It was determined that throughout a year 1516 Mg of total nitrogen and 155 Mg of total phosphorus reach the lake. Approximately 67% of nitrogen and 87% of phosphorus reaching the lake flows out of it, the rest remains in the lake. About 45% of the total loss of nitrogen results from denitrification, and about 53% from sedimentation. The greatest effect on the circulation of nutrients in Lake Gardno is exerted by the mixing of water caused by strong winds resulting in the upward movement of the surface layers of bottom sediments. This causes increased resuspension and sedimentation, which mask similar processes resulting from the outer load of nutrients and from autochtonie processes and products, which are one or two orders of a magnitude smaller.

PL

W 2002 roku w jeziorze Gardno badano krążenie substancji biogenicznych w profilu pionowym i horyzontalnym oraz oszacowano bilans tych składników. Eutroficzne jezioro Gardno leży w strefie przybrzeżnej Bałtyku i charakteryzuje się dużą powierzchnią oraz niewielką głębokością (średnio 1,6 m). Stwierdzono, że w ciągu roku do jeziora dostaje się 1516 Mg azotu ogólnego i 155 Mg fosforu ogólnego. Z tego 67% azotu i 87% fosforu wypływa z niego poprzez odpływ, a reszta pozostaje w jeziorze. Z pozostającego w jeziorze azotu 45% uwalnia się poprzez proces denitryftkacji, a 53% ulega sedymentacji. Największy wpływ na krążenie związków tych dwóch pierwiastków ma mieszanie się wody wywołane silnymi wiatrami. Przemieszczające się masy wody porywają wierzchnią warstwę osadów dennych i mieszają się z nią. Powoduje to zwiększenie resuspensji i sedymentacji, maskując podobne procesy wynikające z zewnętrznego ładunku substancji biogenicznych oraz procesów i produktów autochtonicznych, które co do wielkości są o jeden, dwa rzędy mniejsze.

12

Some metals in the organs of fish in Lake Gardno

Trojanowski J., Trojanowski P., Jańczak C., Antonowicz J.

Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska

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2006

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Vol. 32, no. 2

55-68

EN

The total concentrations of Cu, Cd, Pb, Mn, Zn and Fc in the tissues (muscles, gills, liver) of fish from Lake Gardno were studied. Iron (5.35-57.38 ug g'1 wet wt.) and zinc (3.98-23.93 ug g"') were present in highest concentrations in all tissues, irrespective of fish species. Cadmium was present in the lowest concentrations (0.002-0.168 ug g"'). Among studied tissues, the liver had the greatest capacity to accumulate metals. Their content in the liver was several to a dozen or sometimes even more times higher than in the muscles. The content of manganese, copper, zinc and lead in the muscles of the studied bream decreased with weight, whereas the content of iron and cadmium increased with weight. The content of copper, iron and cadmium in the gills considerably influenced the level of accumulation of those metals in muscles and liver.

PL

Dominującymi gatunkami ryb w jeziorze Gardno są leszcz, okoń i płoć. W mięśniach, wątrobie i skrzelach tych ryb badano zawartość Cu, Cd, Pb, Mn, Zn i Fc. Badane narządy w największej ilości zawierały żelazo (5,35-57,38 ug g'1 mokrej masy) i cynk (3,98-23,93 ug g'1) niezależnie od gatunku ryby. Najmniejszą zawartością charakteryzował się kadm (0,002-0,168 ug g'). Spośród badanych tkanek wątroba wykazywała największe zdolności kumulacyjne analizowanych metali. Ich zawartość w wątrobie była kilka lub kilkanaście razy większa niż w mięśniach. Koncentracja manganu, miedzi, cynku i ołowiu w mięśniach badanych leszczy zmniejszała się wraz ze wzrostem ich masy. Natomiast odwrotną zależność obserwowano w przypadku żelaza i kadmu. Przyrostowi masy badanych ryb towarzyszył wzrost stężenia tych metali. Stwierdzono, że zawartość miedzi, żelaza i kadmu w skrzelach w sposób istotny wpływała na ich kumulację w mięśniach i wątrobie.

13

Copper, zinc, manganese, lead and cadmium in plants of Gardno Lake

Trojanowski P., Trojanowski J., Parzych A.

Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska

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2005

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Vol. 31, no. 4

45-58

EN

In the present paper there have been shown the results of research on the content of zinc, cadmium, copper, manganese and lead in chosen plants (Myriophyllum spicatun, Potamogeton natans, Acorus calamus, Nuphar lutea, Elodea canadensis, Phragmites australis, Typha latifolia, Sparganium ramosum hudds, Veronica anagallis) of Lake Gardno in the years 2000-2001. The first data concerning the accumulation of those metals in the maerophytes of Lake Gardno has been provided. The biggest concentration of examined metals has been observed in Potamogeton natans and Elodea canadensis, on average Zn -34.9 ug g-1, Pb - 2.77 ug g-1, Cd - 0.62 ug g-1, Cu - 3.24 ug g-1 and Mn - 257.4 ug g-1. They are also characterized by the biggest coefficients of concentration of those metals, and therefore they have the biggest abilities to cumulate in them. It has been found that the over-ground parts of the plants under analysis cumulate several times less of heavy metals than their roots. The determined enrichment factors enabled the researchers to state that copper in the examined plants is of natural origin while manganese, cadmium and zinc - of anthropogenic origin. The highest level of phytosorption of the metals under analysis in Lake Gardno was shown by Phragmites australis: Zn - 13.22 mg m2, Pb - 2.16 mg m2, Cd - 0.15 mg m2, Cu - 0.95 mg m2, Mn - 130.53 mg m2.

PL

W prezentowanej pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań zawartości cynku, kadmu, miedzi, manganu i ołowiu w wybranych roślinach (Myriophyllum spicatun, Polamogeton natans, Acorus calamus, Nuphar lulea, Elodea canadensis. Phragmites australis, Typha latifolia, Sparganium ramosum hudds, Veronica anagallis) jeziora Gardno w latach 2000-2001. Są to pierwsze doniesienia o akumulacji metali w makrofitach tego jeziora. Największą koncentrację badanych metali obserwowano w Potamogeton natans i Elodea canadensis, średnio: Zn - 34,9 ug gg-1, Pb - 2,77 fig %\ Cd - 0,62 ug g-1, Cu - 3,24 ug g-1 i Mn - 257,4 ug g-1. Rośliny te charakteryzowały się największymi współczynnikami koncentracji tych metali, a metale wykazywały największą zdolność kumulacji w tych roślinach. Stwierdzono, że części nadziemne badanych roślin kumulowały kilkakrotnie mniej metali niż ich korzenie. Wyznaczone współczynniki wzbogacenia wykazały, że miedź w badanych roślinach jest pochodzenia naturalnego, a mangan, kadm i cynk - pochodzenia antropogenicznego. Najwyższy poziom fitosorpcji metali w jeziorze Gardno wykazywał Phragmites australis: Zn - 13,22 mg m2, Pb - 2,16 mg m2, Cd - 0,15 mg m2, Cu - 0,95 mg m2, Mn - 130,53 mg m2.

14

The water exchange in estuarine lakes of the southern Baltic Sea as on the Gardno Lake example

Jędrasik J., Cyberski J.

Oceanological Studies

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2000

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Vol. 29, No. 3

43-66

EN

The study of the Lake Gardno uses methodology that enables to estimate a magnitude of the sea inflows, their conditioning and timing as well as frequencies of their occurrence in lake estuaries. A three dimensional hydrodynamic model was applied to the linked regions of the Baltic Sea and the Gardno Lake. The quantitative estimates allow verifying the previous calculations of the water balance including long term changes.