Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Synthesis, characterization, and molecular modeling of novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives of mefenamic acid

Bhat Mashooq A., Naglah Ahmed M., Bakheit Ahmed Hassan, Al-Omar Mohamad A.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2024

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Vol. 26, nr 1

102--112

EN

A novel series of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives of mefenamic acid was obtained by reacting hydrazones of mefenamic acid with anhydrous acetic anhydride. The mefenamic hydrazones were obtained by reacting different substituted aldehydes with mefenamic acid hydrazide. All the compounds were characterized by spectral data and elemental analysis. Molecular docking studies of all the compounds were performed against COX-1/COX-2 enzymes. Compound 4 and compound 10 were found to have the highest potential to bind with COX-1 while compound 3, compound 6, and compound 10 were found to have the highest potential to bind with COX-2 enzyme.

2

Nowa rodzina przetwornic statycznych typu PSNK-1

Miksa Dominik, Durma Wiktor

Wiadomości Elektrotechniczne

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2023

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R. 91, nr 2

19--20

PL

Specjalistyczne przetwornice wysokiego napięcia powstały na podstawie doświadczeń projektowych i technicznych bazujących na przetwornicy kolejowej PSNK-1. Proponowane przez nas przetwornice typu WOL-PSL1 oraz WOL-PSL2 są wykonywane dla indywidualnych odbiorców, a w szczególności dla laboratoriów pomiarowych.

EN

Specialized high voltage converters were created on the basis of design and technical experience based on the PSNK-1 rail converter. The converters of the WOL-PSL1 and WOL-PSL2 types we offer are intended for individual recipients, in particular for measuring laboratories.

3

Adaptive type-1 fuzzy control of a wind energy conversion system based on a double-fed induction machine

Bensaadia Labib, Rouabhi Riyadh, Khodja Djalaleddine, Herizi Abdelghafour

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2023

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R. 99, nr 8

110--115

EN

In this paper, we will develop an adaptive control algorithm applied to the wind energy conversion system (WECS) based on a double-fed induction machine (DFIM) driven by a turbine with variable blade pitch, and controlled through the rotor variables by two bidirectional converters. The main function of these converters in the considered system is the connection of the wind generator to the power grid in two different ways: one on the grid side converter which will allow continuous bus control and improve the power factor on the grid side; the other, on the converter on the rotor side, which will allow the control and optimization of the energy flow generated by the stator during the periods of operation of this system. In the first part we presented the individual modeling of the wind turbine chain, then we presented and developed the controls necessary to control the active and reactive powers produced by this system in order to ensure optimum performance and production quality.

PL

W niniejszym artykule opracujemy algorytm sterowania adaptacyjnego zastosowany w systemie konwersji energii wiatru (SKEW) oparty na dwustronnie zasilanej maszynie indukcyjnej (DZMI) napędzanej turbiną o zmiennym skoku łopatek i sterowanej poprzez zmienne wirnika dwoma dwukierunkowymi konwertery. Główną funkcją tych przekształtników w rozpatrywanym systemie jest podłączenie generatora wiatrowego do sieci elektroenergetycznej na dwa różne sposoby: jeden po stronie przekształtnika sieciowego, który umożliwi ciągłą kontrolę magistrali i poprawi współczynnik mocy po stronie sieci; drugi, na przekształtniku po stronie wirnika, co pozwoli na sterowanie i optymalizację przepływu energii generowanej przez stojan w okresach pracy tego układu. W pierwszej części przedstawiliśmy indywidualne modelowanie łańcucha turbiny wiatrowej, następnie przedstawiliśmy i opracowaliśmy sterowanie niezbędne do sterowania mocą czynną i bierną wytwarzaną przez ten system w celu zapewnienia optymalnej wydajności i jakości produkcji.

4

Effects of sway and roll excitations on sloshing loads in a KC-1 membrane LNG tank

An Se-yeol, Jeong Hyeon-won, Kim Ohyoung, Shim W. Jaewoo

Polish Maritime Research

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2023

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nr 4

43--53

EN

This study investigates the effects of sway and roll excitations on sloshing liquid loads in a tank, using Ansys Fluent software. The model considered in the study is a 1:50 scaled membrane-type tank, based on a KC-1 membrane LNG tank designed by Korea Gas Corporation (KOGAS). The volume of fluid (VOF) method is used to track the free surface inside the tank, and the standard k-ε model is applied to express the turbulent flow of the liquid. To explore the motion of the tank under excitation, a user-defined function (UDF) and a dynamic mesh technique are employed to control the external forces exerted on the tank through its motion. The results, in the form of time series data on the sloshing pressures in the tank under pure sway, roll, and coupled sway-roll, are analysed, with specific ranges for the excitation amplitudes and frequencies. We show that variations in excitation frequency and amplitude significantly influence the sloshing loads. Sloshing loads are found to intensify when the excitation frequency matches the tank’s primary natural frequency, 1.0 ω'1. Furthermore, with coupled sway-roll excitations, the sloshing loads are weakened when the sway and roll are in-phase and are intensified when these are out-of-phase. Fast Fourier transform analysis provides insights into the frequency domain, showing that the dominant frequency is 0.88 Hz and it is approximately equal to the tank’s primary natural frequency, 1.0 ω'1.

5

On minimum intersections of certain secondary dominating sets in graphs

Kosiorowska Anna, Michalski Adrian, Włoch Iwona

Opuscula Mathematica

|

2023

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Vol. 43, no. 6

813--827

EN

In this paper we consider secondary dominating sets, also named as (1,k)-dominating sets, introduced by Hedetniemi et al. in 2008. In particular, we study intersections of the (1, 1)-dominating sets and proper (1, 2)-dominating sets. We introduce (1,2)-intersection index as the minimum possible cardinality of such intersection and determine its value for some classes of graphs.

6

The conversıon of ethanol to acetone on a ZnO-CaO catalyst in the presence of water vapor

Baghirova Narqiz N., Mustafayeva Rena E.

Nafta-Gaz

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2023

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R. 79, nr 10

684--689

EN

The main product of the conversion of ethanol to acetone on a ZnO-CaO catalyst is acetone, the yield of which strongly depends on the composition of the reaction environment. When oxygen is present, the yield of products of destructive and complete oxidation increases greatly. In contrast, when water vapor is present, both the selectivity and conversion of ethanol increase. Therefore, the conversion of ethanol is the limiting step in the overall process, which determines the selectivity of the conversion of ethanol to acetone. In this regard, it appeared suitable to investigate the effect of introducing water to the contact zone. As experiments indicated, the addition of water caused a significant effect on the conversion, selectivity, and acetone yield on the ZnO-CaO catalyst. As the partial pressure of water vapor increases, the conversion of ethanol and the acetone yield increase, while the yield of carbon dioxide decreases. The decrease in carbon dioxide is associated not only with the inhibition of the conversion of ethanol to CO2. In this study, the adsorption of water vapor and ammonia on the surface of the ZnO-CaO catalyst was examined by infrared spectroscopy method. It has been shown that water vapor at low temperatures is adsorbed on the catalyst surface in the molecular form, while at higher temperatures it is adsorbed in the dissociative form. Co-transformation reactions of ethanol with acetic acid, acetaldehyde with ethylene, and acetaldehyde with acetic acid have been studied. The obtained results indicated that acetone is formed mainly through the stage of complexation of acetaldehyde with ethylene. The isomerization reaction of 1-butene to 2-butene has been investigated. It was found that the yield of cis-2-butene in the absence of water vapor is higher, likely attributed to the molecular adsorption of water on Lewis centers. Based on these findings, a scheme for the vapor-phase conversion of ethanol into acetone on the studied catalysts was formulated.

PL

Głównym produktem konwersji etanolu do acetonu na katalizatorze ZnO-CaO jest aceton, którego wydajność silnie zależy od składu środowiska reakcji. W obecności tlenu znacznie wzrasta wydajność produktów destrukcyjnego i całkowitego utlenienia. Natomiast w obecności pary wodnej wzrasta selektywność i konwersja etanolu. Dlatego konwersja etanolu jest etapem ograniczającym w całym procesie, który określa selektywność konwersji etanolu do acetonu. W związku z tym celowe wydawało się zbadanie wpływu domieszek wody do strefy kontaktu. Jak wykazały doświadczenia, dodatek wody miał istotny wpływ na konwersję, selektywność i wydajność acetonu na katalizatorze ZnO-CaO. Wraz ze wzrostem ciśnienia cząstkowego pary wodnej wzrasta konwersja etanolu i wydajność acetonu, podczas gdy wydajność dwutlenku węgla maleje. Spadek dwutlenku węgla jest związany nie tylko z hamowaniem konwersji etanolu do CO2. W niniejszej pracy metodą spektroskopii w podczerwieni badano adsorpcję pary wodnej i amoniaku na powierzchni katalizatora ZnO-CaO. Wykazano, że para wodna w niskich temperaturach jest adsorbowana na powierzchni katalizatora w postaci cząsteczkowej, natomiast w wyższych temperaturach jest adsorbowana w postaci dysocjacyjnej. Zbadano reakcje kotransformacji etanolu z kwasem octowym, aldehydu octowego z etylenem i aldehydu octowego z kwasem octowym. Uzyskane wyniki wykazały, że aceton powstaje głównie na etapie kompleksowania aldehydu octowego z etylenem. Zbadano reakcję izomeryzacji 1-butenu do 2-butenu. Stwierdzono, że wydajność cis-2-butenu w nieobecności pary wodnej jest większa, co prawdopodobnie wynika z molekularnej adsorpcji wody na centrach Lewisa. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników zaproponowano schemat przemiany etanolu do acetonu w fazie gazowej na badanych katalizatorach.

7

Location-based Power Control Mechanism for D2D Communication Underlaying a Cellular System

Rodziewicz Marcin

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

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2023

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nr 3

49--53

EN

The paper presents a location-based approach to controlling the power of device-to-device (D2D) underlay of a frequency reuse-1 cellular system. The system allows for direct communication to share uplink resources with cellular users. As a result, both D2D and cellular users are experiencing additional interferences in the system. By controlling the output power of the devices, these interferences can be mitigated and the performance of the network can be improved in terms of better spectral and energy efficiency. The proposed location-based target signal-to-interference ratio power control scheme for D2D communications utilizes information about users' locations to estimate the interference level experienced by the receiver of the direct link. Based on this estimation, an appropriate transmit power can be determined. The performance of the proposed power control solution is investigated via system level simulations.

8

Research on vibration-based early diagnostic system for excavator motor bearing using 1-D CNN

Yandagsuren Dorjsuren, Kurauchi Tatsuki, Toriya Hisatoshi, Ikeda Hajime, Adachi Tsuyoshi, Kawamura Youhei

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2023

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Vol. 22, iss. 1

65--80

EN

In mining, super-large machines such as rope excavators are used to perform the main mining operations. A rope excavator is equipped with motors that drive mechanisms. Motors are easily damaged as a result of harsh mining conditions. Bearings are important parts in a motor; bearing failure accounts for approximately half of all motor failures. Failure reduces work efficiency and increases maintenance costs. In practice, reactive, preventive, and predictive maintenance are used to minimize failures. Predictive maintenance can prevent failures and is more effective than other maintenance. For effective predictive maintenance, a good diagnosis is required to accurately determine motor-bearing health. In this study, vibration-based diagnosis and a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1-D CNN) were used to evaluate bearing deterioration levels. The system allows for early diagnosis of bearing failures. Normal and failure-bearing vibrations were measured. Spectral and wavelet analyses were performed to determine the normal and failure vibration features. The measured signals were used to generate new data to represent bearing deterioration in increments of 10%. A reliable diagnosis system was proposed. The proposed system could determine bearing health deterioration at eleven levels with considerable accuracy. Moreover, a new data mixing method was applied.

9

Characteristic of ion-acoustic waves described in the solutions of the (3+1)-dimensional generalized Korteweg-de Vries-Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation

Mahmud Adnan Ahmad, Tanriverdi Tanfer, Muhamad Kalsum Abdulrahman, Baskonus Haci Mehmet

Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics

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2023

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Vol. 22, nr 2

36--48

EN

The generalized Korteweg-de Varies-Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation (gKdV-ZK) in (3+1)-dimension has been investigated in this research. This model is used to elucidate how a magnetic field affects the weak ion-acoustic wave in the field of plasma physics. To deftly analyze the wide range of wave structures, we utilized the modified extended tanh and the extended rational sinh-cosh methods. Hyperbolic, periodic, and travelling wave solutions are presented as the results. Consequently, solitary wave solutions are also attained. This study shows that the solutions reported here are distinctive when our findings are contrasted against well-known outcomes. Moreover, realized findings are figured out in 3-dimensional, 2-dimensional, and contour profile graphs for the reader to comprehend their dynamics due to parameter selection. According to the findings, we can conclude that the suggested computational techniques are simple, dynamic, and well-organized. These methods are very functional for numerical calculations of complex nonlinear problems. Our results include a fundamental starting point in understanding physical behavior and the structure of the studied systems.

10

Podstawowe zależności opisujące minimalny stopień zbrojenia według projektu nowelizacji zaleceń normowych

Zych Mariusz

Inżynieria i Budownictwo

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2023

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R. 79, nr 11-12

668--676

PL

Skomentowano równania opisujące minimalną ilość zbrojenia według FprEN 1992-1-1 na tle aktualnych wytycznych EN 1992-1-1 oraz przeanalizowano metodę szczegółową, która stanowiła podstawę do aproksymacji rozwiązania zawartego w projekcie normy. Zaprezentowano uszczegółowienia w zakresie wyznaczenia względnej wysokości strefy ściskanej oraz mimośrodu bezwymiarowej siły podłużnej. Zaproponowano korektę zależności zawartych w FprEN 1992-1-1 dla elementów poddanych ściskaniu mimośrodowemu.

EN

Equations specifying the minimum reinforcement ratio after FprEN 1992-1-1 are commented on against the background of the current EN 1992-1-1 guidelines. The detailed method that was a basis for the approximation of the solution proposed in the draft is analysed. Further clarification in the area of the specification of the height of the zone in compression and the dimensionless longitudinal force eccentric is presented. Revision of the dependencies given in FprEN 1992-1-1 for members in eccentric compression is proposed.

11

Drogowe urządzenia przeciwhałasowe - aktualne wymagania i wytyczne w zakresie obliczeń i projektowania

Kossakowski Paweł

Inżynieria i Budownictwo

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2023

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R. 79, nr 7-8

408--413

PL

W artykule przedstawiono aktualne wymagania i wytyczne dotyczące obliczeń i projektowania drogowych urządzeń przeciwhałasowych według normy PN-EN 1794-1+AC:2019-02. Podane w zwięzły sposób informacje obejmują głównie wymagania i założenia obliczeniowe, stanowiąc poradnik pomocny podczas projektowania tego typu urządzeń, w szczególności ekranów akustycznych.

EN

The article presents the current requirements and guidelines for the calculation and design of road traffic noise reducing devices according to the PN-EN 1794-1+AC:2019-02 standard. The concise information provided mainly covers the calculation requirements and assumptions, which serve as a helpful guide when designing such devices, especially road acoustic screens.

12

Landslide Monitoring in the Jebha Region by Radar Permanent Scattered Remote Sensing Technique

Azizi Bouchra, Hakdaoui Mustapha, Raji Mohammed, Taazzouzte Mariam

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 1

125--135

EN

The city of Eljebha, Morocco, and its surroundings have always been affected by instability and slope failure, both natural and man-made. The Neogene conglomeratic clay formations, which form most of the city of Constantine, are extremely sensitive to the presence of water, which makes them susceptible to landslides. Therefore, to preserve the environment and endangered species, remote sensing has been designed to facilitate the monitoring and supervision of natural hazards and threats. The present paper deals with the detection of stable points by the new technique of permanent dispersers PSInSAR, as well as the subsidence rate with an accuracy in mm/year in the area of El Jebha in Morocco from 2016 to 2018 using Sentinel 1 complex SLC data in IW mode.

13

Computational Determination of the Specific Impulse of Solid Rocket Propellant Compositions of closo-Dodecaborate ([B₁₂H₁₂]2‒) Salts with HTPB Binder and Ammonium Perchlorate as an Oxidizer

Rao Muddamarri Hanumantha

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2023

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Vol. 20, no. 4

386--399

EN

Boron (B) powder in elemental form is a very attractive high-energy material and it is a metalloid chemical element. B powder has the second highest heat of explosion of any element that can be adopted as an energetic material in dealing with propellants and explosives. In practical situations, B has problems with ignition and combustion due to the formation of a B₂O₃ layer on its surface. B cannot burn easily; it requires ultra-pure oxygen during the combustion process and also undergoes agglomeration due to which incomplete combustion of the B particles in the propellant composition occurs. Hence in order to address these issues, we introduced closo-dodecaborate ([B₁₂H₁₂]2‒) salts into a solid rocket propellant composition instead of B powder. In the present work, three solid rocket propellant compositions based on closo-dodecaborate salts were theoretically investigated. The specific impulse (Isp) was calculated for three closo-dodecaborate [B₁₂H₁₂]2‒ based propellant compositions using the EXPLO5 code version V6.03. The performance values of the closo-dodecaborate [B₁₂H₁₂]2‒ salts based propellant compositions were compared with those of pure aluminium (Al)-based composite propellant. Using the EXPLO5 code (V6.03); hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) and ammonium perchlorate (NH₄ClO₄, AP) were used as binder and oxidizer respectively. closo-Dodecaborate salts-HTPB-AP formulations have good theoretical performance; it was observed that the presence of a closo-dodecaborate salt in the propellant composition can lead to very good performance, and they are potential candidates as fuels and/or fuel additives in propellant compositions for missile and rocket applications.

14

Fitness for service dla urządzeń ciśnieniowych – doświadczenia UDT

Wróbel Mateusz, Szwed Maciej

Badania Nieniszczące i Diagnostyka

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2023

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nr 1-4

72--79

PL

W pracy przedstawiono możliwości zastosowania wirtualnej rzeczywistości i innowacyjnych technologii (m.in. zastosowanie bezzałogowych statków powietrznych, skaningu laserowego) do nieniszczących, wizualnych badań w budownictwie. Zastosowanie wirtualnej rzeczywistości umożliwia przeprowadzenie zdalnej i bezpiecznej inspekcji budowlanej, bez konieczności „fizycznego” wejścia i przebywania na niepewnej konstrukcji lub w obiekcie budowlanym, będącym w złym stanie technicznym. Wizualne badania stanu technicznego, uszkodzeń, można wykonać w wirtualnym świecie, za pomocą gogli VR. Wirtualna rzeczywistość to technologia, która pozwala na stworzenie trójwymiarowego wirtualnego świata, w którym użytkownik ma możliwość swobodnej eksploracji. Środowisko cyfrowe zostaje stworzone w oparciu o dane pozyskane w sposób bezpieczny (zdalny) przy pomocy skanerów laserowych i dronów. Zapewnia to dokładne odwzorowanie obiektu w środowisku cyfrowym oraz zapewnia możliwość wykonania precyzyjnej inspekcji. VR może również stanowić platformę do koordynacji międzybranżowej dla obiektów wymagających planów naprawczych przy braku możliwości wizji lokalnej. W artykule przedstawiono obecny stan wiedzy oraz zaproponowano kolejne kierunki badań.

EN

The work presents the possibilities of using virtual reality and innovative technologies (including the use of unmanned aerial vehicles, laser scanning) for non-destructive visual research in construction. The article presents the current state of knowledge and proposes further research directions.

15

Robustness of closed-loop glucose control systems

Wyciślok Artur, Śmieja Jarosław

Archives of Control Sciences

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2023

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Vol. 33, No. 3

681--705

EN

The main purpose of this work is to provide an extensive, simulation-based comparison of robustness of PID and MPC algorithms in control of blood glucose levels in patients with type 1 diabetes and thus answer the question of their safety. Cohort testing, with 1000 simulated, randomized patients allowed to analyze specific control quality indicators, such as number of hypoglycemic events, and length of hypo- and hyperglycemia periods. Results show that both algorithms provide a reasonable safety level, taking into account natural changes of patients’ physiological parameters. At the same time, we point out drawbacks of each solution, as well as general problems arising in close-loop control of blood glucose level.

16

Mechanical properties of titanium grade 1 after laser shock wave treatment

Hutsaylyuk Volodymyr, Wachowski Marcin, Kovalyuk Bogdan, Mocharskyi Vitalii, Sitkar Oksana, Śnieżek Lucjan, Zygmuntowicz Justyna

Advances in Materials Science

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2023

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Vol. 23, nr 4(78)

48--61

EN

In the presented work the impact of a laser shock wave on the mechanical properties of a Titanium Grade 1 was investigated. Based on a series of experimental studies related to the impact of the laser shock wave on the tested material, the impact of the given treatment on the structure and mechanical properties was assessed. The influence of the environment on the distribution of plasma temperature and pressure in the material during the implementation of the laser shock wave was analyzed. The effect of the laser treatment on the structure and micromechanical properties was initially estimated on the basis of the analysis of experimental results in the form of static strength testof samples after laser treatment. A slight increase in material strength was detected with a minimal decrease in ductility. In order to comprehensively understand the observed phenomenon, a number of fractographic tests were performed, especially the analysis of the porosity of the fracture surfaces. A decrease in the porosity of the material after impact laser treatment was observed as a result of local plastic deformation.

17

Application of solid-phase extraction (SPE) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and comparison of both detection techniques (DAD and FLD) to analyse nesfatin-1 in fetal bovine serum samples

Tuzimski Tomasz, Szubartowski Michał

Acta Chromatographica

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2023

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Vol. 35, no. 3

286--292

EN

In this study, we propose a simple, cost-effective, and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography with both detection techniques such as diode-array detection and fluorescence detection (HPLC-DAD-FLD) for the determination of nesfatin-1 in fetal bovine serum samples. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for nesfatin-1 were set at satisfactory values in the range 0.22–0.35 mg mL⁻¹ and in the range 0.67–1.05 mg mL⁻¹, respectively (at two different wavelengths (DAD) and at four different wavelengths (FLD)). Analyte concentrations were determined as the average value from fetal bovine serum matrix samples. The preliminary results show that the SPE procedure on Isolute Si-TsOH (SCX-3) could be used for further nesfatin-1 analyses in human serum samples. Both the SPE technique, chromatographic analysis with gradient elution mode and detection technique are fast and convenient.

18

Search for Planets in Hot Jupiter Systems with Multi-Sector TESS Photometry. III. A Study of Ten Systems Enhanced with New Ground-Based Photometry

Maciejewski G., Fernández M., Sota A., Amado P. J., Ohlert J., Bischoff ., Stenglein W., Mugrauer M., Michel K.-U., Golonka J., Blanco Solsona A., Lapeña E., Molins Freire J., de los Ríos Curieses A., Temprano Sicilia J. A.

Acta Astronomica

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2023

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Vol. 73, No. 1

57--86

EN

The loneliness of hot Jupiters supports the high-eccentricity migration as a primary path leading to the formation of systems with those planets stripped of any close-in planetary companions. Here we present the null results of searches for low-mass planets close to hot Jupiters in 10 planetary systems: HAT-P-4, HAT-P-10, HAT-P-12, HAT-P-17, HAT-P-19, HAT-P-32, HAT-P-44, Qatar-6, TrES-4, and WASP-48. We employed multi-sector time-series photometry from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite enhanced with new ground-based transit light curves to determine the sizes of hypothetical planets that might still avoid being detected. We redetermined transit parameters for the known hot Jupiters using a homogeneous approach. We refuted transit timing variations for HAT-P-12 b, claimed recently in the literature. The transit timing data permitted us to place tighter constraints on third bodies in HAT-P-19 and HAT-P-32 systems detected in Doppler measurements. We also study four multi-periodic pulsating variable stars in the field around HAT-P-17.

19

Prekatalizatory oligomeryzacji olefin oparte na kationach chromu(III) oraz kobaltu(II) : właściwości fizykochemiczne oraz katalityczne

Malinowski Jacek, Drzeżdżon Joanna, Sikorski Artur, Jacewicz Dagmara Elżbieta

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2022

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[Z] 76, 11-12

943--962

EN

The introduction describes the most important facts about the development of polyolefins. This is followed by a description of the role of polyolefins and the most important applications in industry and everyday life. The paper presents new, highly active precatalysts for oligomerization of olefins. These are coordination compounds based on chromium(III) cation, anions of various polycarboxylic acids and auxiliary ligands, such as 1,10-phenanthroline or 2,2'-bipyridyl. This review presents their crystallographic structures and basic parameters describing the elementary cell. The catalytic properties of the obtained oligomerization products using chromium(III) coordination compounds by MALDI-TOF MS are described. In conclusion, the presented precatalysts are compared with others described in the literature.

20

Strength calculations of the Formula 1 car survival cell

Barca Iga

Technologia i Automatyzacja Montażu

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2022

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nr 1

3--13

EN

The paper presents the results of calculations by the finite element method (FEM) of the monocoque survival cell of a Formula 1 car designed with the use of a sandwich structure in accordance with the Formula 1 Technical Regulations of 2020. The guidelines for the chamber geometry and the necessary certification tests were presented. Proposed solutions in the field of materials for the design of sandwich panels, including cladding made of carbon fiber reinforced laminates and honeycomb cores made of aluminum and titanium. The results of computer simulations were discussed. The analysis of the obtained results of numerical calculations shows that the height of the cell filler has the greatest impact on the strength of the analyzed structure.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki obliczeń metodą elementów skończonych (MES) komory przetrwania typu monocoque bolidu Formuły 1 projektowanej z wykorzystaniem struktury przekładkowej zgodnie z Regulaminem Technicznym Formuły 1 z 2020 roku. Przedstawiono wytyczne dotyczące geometrii komory oraz niezbędnych testów certyfikacyjnych. Zaproponowano rozwiązania w zakresie materiałów do projektowania płyt przekładkowych, w tym okładzin wykonanych z laminatów wzmacnianych włóknem węglowym oraz rdzeni typu honeycomb przygotowanych z aluminium i tytanu. Omówiono wyniki symulacji komputerowych, uwzględniając również koszty przyjętych rozwiązań. Analiza otrzymanych wyników obliczeń numerycznych wskazuje, że największy wpływ na wytrzymałość analizowanej struktury ma wysokość wypełniacza komórkowego.