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1

The correlation between the pulp rheology and the flotation performance in a scheelite ore: from the flotation kinetic perspective

Zhang Pengyu, Wei Jinchao, Chen Wei, Zhao Qiang, Yang Zhuo

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2025

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Vol. 61, iss. 1

art. no. 201418

EN

Pulp rheology plays a very important role in deciding the subtle process of flotation. Here the correlation between the flotation kinetics of a scheelite ore and the pulp rheology was studied through batch flotation test and rheology measurement with data fitting. The pulp rheology was controlled by pulp concentration, adding surface inert gangue mineral-andradite with different size and content. Afterwards, the cumulative flotation grade and recovery as a function of flotation time was recorded with further kinetic analysis corresponding to their rheological properties including the yield stress and the degree of deviation from Newtonian fluid (D). The results showed that adding the coarse andradite (+75~-100 μm) at the mass ratio of 20/6 could selectively increase the flotation rate co-efficient for the slow floating fractions (from 0.24 min-1 to 0.63 min-1), which was responsible for the increased concentrate grade. In the meantime, the yield stress was in positive correlation with the degree of deviation from Newtonian fluid, indicating that the ideal Newtonian fluid type flotation slurry might exhibit high separation performance. The flotation kinetic for the fast floating fractions was hardly influenced by the D value, and was decided by kf = 0.00084D + 0.3911. However, the flotation kinetic for the slow floating fraction was quite dependent of the D value, and was decided by ks = -0.0092D+0.72593.

2

Strengthening effect of a microwave field on sulfurization flotation of hemimorphite

Jia Kai, Zhai Yichuan, Han Congcong, Jin Yunhao, Lu Tiantian, Si Liang, Li Guosheng, Song Xiangyu, Fan Guixia, Ding Minghui

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2025

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Vol. 61, iss. 1

art. no. 200459

EN

Hemimorphite is a typical silicate zinc oxide mineral characterized by strong hydrophilicity and poor floatability. It is commonly recovered by the “sulfurization pretreatment-xanthate collector flotation” method. However, the Zn2+ in hemimorphite is blocked by SiO42-, making Zn-O bonds difficult to break and preventing the reaction between Zn2+ and S2- in solution. Therefore, enhancing sulfurization is essential for the flotation of hemimorphite. In this study, a microwave field was used for the first time to increase the surface sulfurization of hemimorphite, and the interactions between the minerals and collectors were increased by forming a sulfurization layer on the mineral surface to improve hemimorphite flotation. Compared with the conventional sulfurization pretreatment, microwave field sulfurization pretreatment exhibited better floatability under the same conditions, and the recovery reached 29.82%, which was much higher than that without microwave treatment. The mechanism of hemimorphite sulfurization in the microwave field was investigated with infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. These results indicated that the microwave field enhanced the surface sulfurization of hemimorphite, and increased the proportions of newly generated sulfides, thus boosting sulfurization flotation of hemimorphite.

3

Effect of flocculation behavior on the flotation of synthetic apatitedolomite mixtures based on FBRM and PVM

He Guixu, Chen Aoao, Zhao Lina, Zhang Qin, Li Wubin, Xie Jun, Wang Jieliang

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2025

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Vol. 61, iss. 1

art. no. 202595

EN

This study investigates the influence of various factors on shear flocculation in the apatitedolomite mixed ore flotation system. The Box-Behnken response surface methodology is employed to evaluate the interactions of these factors on flocculation behavior. Additionally, the Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement (FBRM) and Particle Vision Measurement (PVM) techniques are applied to investigate the mechanisms by which these factors affect shear flocculation. The results show that sodium oleate (NaOL) concentration, pH, and shear rate significantly influence the size of the flocculated particles. Notably, the interaction effect between NaOL concentration and pH is particularly pronounced. FBRM and PVM analysis reveals that pH and NaOL concentration play dominant roles in controlling particle flocculation, while H3PO4 has a relatively minor impact on agglomerate morphology and size. At low shear rates, the flocs are larger and more uniformly distributed, resulting in a more stable process. In contrast, although high shear rates enhance initial flocculation efficiency, they reducefloc size. Furthermore, the modified Smoluchowski model is applied to evaluate the impact of different factors on flocculation kinetics. The findings suggest that the effects of these factors vary across different stages of flocculation. The combined influence of NaOL concentration, pH, and shear rate is crucial in determining the stability of the flocs, with these three factors being key determinants of floc morphology and stability.

4

Flotation of sulfide copper ore from Legnica-Glogow Copper Basin (Poland) in process water of different salinities

Paluchniak Tomasz, Bakalarz Alicja

Mining Science

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2025

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Vol. 32

87--104

EN

The composition of water has a significant impact on the flotation. With the increasing salinity of process waters used at the Division of Concentrator Plant (KGHM Polska Miedz SA), it is necessary to investigate the effect of changes in water composition on the flotation of copper ore components from the Legnica-Glogow Copper Basin area (Poland). In this study, the effect of changing water salinity on the flotation efficiency of copper and organic carbon in sulfide copper ore from the Polkowice Concentrator Plant was investigated. In the study, water taken from the processing plant was used. The mineralization and chloride concentration were 54.5 g/L and 23.46 g/L, respectively. The salinity of the process water was changed by concentrating and diluting water (60, 80, 120, 140%), as well as by adding chloride ions (5 and 10 g/L). Based on the study, it was found that with the increase in mineralization, also the chloride ion content of the water is increased, worse flotation of copper carriers and organic carbon was observed at the cleaning flotation stage. Moreover, it was observed that the more the salinity of the process water is increased, the more the efficiency of the rougher flotation improves – while increasing this salinity, the content and loss of Cu in the tailings from this stage decrease. The obtained research results indicate the need to monitor the salinity level of process waters and their composition and perhaps, in the future, the need for modification in this area.

5

Flotation as a Method for Metal Recovery from Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs)

Krawczykowska Aldona, Mnichowski Szymon

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2025

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Vol. 1, no. 1

205--212

EN

Technological advancement and the accelerating growth of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) pose major challenges for resource recovery, particularly of metals embedded in printed circuit boards (PCBs). This study evaluates the effectiveness of flotation for the selective separation of metals from the non-metallic fractions of PCBs. Flotation experiments were conducted under various reagent regimes (different types and dosages). The investigation covered both the physicochemical properties of PCB feed material and the influence of process parameters on metal recovery. Results demonstrate that flotation can enhance the recovery of valuable metals while simultaneously minimizing material losses and mitigating environmental impacts, fully supporting circular economy principles. The work underscores the need to optimise technological parameters and to integrate flotation with other PCB recycling stages, thereby fostering more sustainable electronic waste management strategies.

PL

Postęp technologiczny i przyspieszony wzrost ilości zużytego sprzętu elektrycznego i elektronicznego (ZSEE) stanowią poważne wyzwanie dla odzysku zasobów, zwłaszcza metali wbudowanych w płytki drukowane (PCB). Niniejsze badanie ocenia skuteczność flotacji w selektywnym oddzielaniu metali od frakcji niemetalicznych PCB. Eksperymenty flotacyjne przeprowadzono z różnymi reżimami odczynników (różne rodzaje i dawki). Badania obejmowały zarówno właściwości fizykochemiczne materiału wsadowego PCB, jak i wpływ parametrów procesu na odzysk metali. Wyniki pokazują, że flotacja może zwiększyć odzysk cennych metali, jednocześnie minimalizując straty materiałowe i łagodząc wpływ na środowisko, w pełni wspierając zasady gospodarki o obiegu zamkniętym. Praca podkreśla potrzebę optymalizacji parametrów technologicznych i integracji flotacji z innymi etapami recyklingu PCB, wspierając w ten sposób bardziej zrównoważone strategie gospodarowania odpadami elektronicznymi.

6

Digitalization in Mining and Mineral Processing – a New Solution for Potential Increasing the Metals Recovery

Foszcz Dariusz, Saramak Daniel, Galas Jacek, Litwin Dariusz, Krawczykowski Damian, Krawczykowska Aldona, Gawenda Tomasz, Kasińska-Pilut Ewelina

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2025

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Vol. 1, no. 1

29--34

EN

The paper deals with issues of increasing the recovery of useful copper minerals through the application of specific production scheme. A new model of production presented in the paper is connected with technology for monitoring and control of copper ore processing and is based on artificial intelligence. The technology operates at the copper flotation stage and consists of a vision system for analysis of flotation froth images. Image processing algorithms determine the characteristics of the froth and on that basis are capable of modifying and optimizing the flotation process course. The article characterizes the concept and expected outcomes resulting from the implementation of this technique.

PL

W artykule podjęto problematykę zwiększenia odzysku użytecznych minerałów miedzi poprzez zastosowanie określonego schematu produkcji. Przedstawiony w artykule nowy model produkcji jest powiązany z technologią monitorowania i kontroli przeróbki rudy miedzi i opiera się na sztucznej inteligencji. Technologia ta działa na etapie flotacji miedzi i składa się z systemu wizyjnego do analizy obrazów piany flotacyjnej. Algorytmy przetwarzania obrazu określają charakterystykę piany i na tej podstawie są w stanie modyfikować i optymalizować przebieg procesu flotacji. W artykule scharakteryzowano koncepcję i oczekiwane rezultaty wynikające z wdrożenia tej techniki.

7

Zjawiska międzyfazowe : 80 lat badań. Część 2, Makroskopowe i mikroskopowe właściwości granic faz

Hołysz Lucyna, Zdziennicka Anna, Wiącek Agnieszka Ewa, Jurak Małgorzata, Chibowski Emil, Jańczuk Bronisław

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2024

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[Z] 78, 9-10

1223--1262

EN

The paper describes the course of research on surface and interfacial phenomena as well as the obtained results, which were initiated by Professor Andrzej Waksmundzki in 1945 in the Department of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry organized by him at Maria Curie-Skłodowska University. It has been developed over the years and is still being developed today. The Research Group of Interfacial Phenomena and Flotation was established in the Department, which was at that time headed by doc. Jerzy Szczypa. Then, in 1997 the Department of Interfacial Phenomena was established and currently, because of the reorganization of UMCS it functions as the Department of Interfacial Phenomena at the Institute of Chemical Sciences. Initially, the Group Research was focused on the problems of mineral enrichment using the flotation and foam separation methods. This also involved the research on the wettability of various solids, their surface free energy and methods of its determination, both theoretically and experimentally by measuring contact angles. The research on the electric a double layer and electrokinetic phenomena was also carried out. There were applied also gas chromatography and adsorption methods, as well as modern equipment for examining surface properties of solids and liquids. Over the years, the scope of research on these phenomena has expanded to include superhydrophobic surfaces, the use of plasma for solid surface modification, investigations on layers of biologically active substances on various substrates, and biopolymer films in terms of their biocompatibility and use in pharmacy and medicine. The stability of dispersed systems and emulsions, as well as the influence of external fields (electric and magnetic) on the stability of dispersed systems in terms of the scale deposition were studied. In parallel, extensive research was carried out on the adsorption, aggregation and wetting properties of different surfactants, sugar surfactants, biosurfactants, their multi-component mixtures and those with organic additives such as short-chain alcohols, which being developed. The details of the research and its published results can be found in the extensive bibliography attached to the paper.

8

Wstępne oczyszczanie ścieków z wodnego mycia pojemników po olejach roślinnych

Żak Sławomir

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2024

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T. 103, nr 10

1077--1084

PL

Ścieki z wodnego mycia pojemników po olejach roślinnych (z nasion czarnuszki, ostropestu plamistego, dyni i rokitnika) oczyszczano w dwuetapowym procesie: (i) przez periodyczną separację fazy olejowej za pomocą taśmowego zbieraka olejów oraz (ii) w drugim stopniu w przepływowym procesie za pomocą metod flotacyjnych z wykorzystaniem zdyspergowanego powietrza lub wg własnego wynalazku ze wspomaganiem H₂O₂ lub z dodatkowym zastosowaniem 10-proc. roztworu NaOH albo KOH. W temp. 15±3°C efektywność usunięcia olejów z powstających ścieków metodą (i) wynosiła > 94% z mycia zbiorników po oleju z czarnuszki i rokitnika, a > 97% po ostropeście i dyni. Zastosowanie na drugim stopniu oczyszczania flotacji wspomaganej H₂O₂ i KOH wpłynęło na eliminację niewydzielonych na pierwszym stopniu olejów resztkowych i podwyższenie sumarycznego poziomu ich eliminacji dwustopniowej > 99%.

EN

Wastewater from aq. washing of vegetable oil containers (from black cumin seeds, milk thistle, pumpkin and sea buckthorn) was treated in a 2-stage process: (i) by periodic separation of the oil phase using a belt oil skimmer and (ii) in a flowing flotation process using dispersed air or with H₂O₂ support or with addnl. application of 10% NaOH/KOH soln. At 15±3°C, the efficiency of oil removal from wastewater using method (i) was >94% from washing of black cumin and sea buckthorn oil tanks and >97% from milk thistle and pumpkin. The use of flotation supported by H₂O₂ and KOH in the second stage of purification resulted in the elimination of residual oils not separated in the first stage and increased the total level of their 2-stage elimination to > 99%.

9

Flotacyjne oczyszczanie wstępne w mobilnym zestawie badawczym ścieków poprodukcyjnych z zakładów przerobu jelit

Żak Sławomir

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2024

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T. 103, nr 12

1433--1439

PL

W przepływowej instalacji doświadczalnej wyznaczono warunki usuwania tłuszczów i ładunków zanieczyszczeń metodami koagualcyjnymi ze ścieków poprodukcyjnych z zakładów przerobu jelit wytwarzających naturalne osłonki na bazie surowca baraniego, wieprzowego i wołowego. Porównano skuteczność metod flotacji zdyspergowanym powietrzem wg własnego wynalazku ze wspomaganiem 30-proc. nadtlenkiem wodoru lub z dodatkowym zastosowaniem mleka wapiennego. Zastosowanie mleka wapiennego spowodowało usunięcie zanieczyszczeń ze ścieków poprodukcyjnych i poprawę parametrów wskaźnikowych: zmniejszenie wartości ekstraktu eterowego i zawiesiny ogółem > 95%, BZT₅ i ChZT > 30 i > 50%, P (fosfor ogółem) > 70%, a azot ogółem Kjeldahla > 25%.

EN

The experimental flow plant was used to det. conditions for removing fat and pollutant loads by coagulation methods from the intestine processing plant wastewater. The effectiveness of flotation methods with dispersed air, with the support of 30% H₂O₂ according to the author’s invention or with the addnl. use of milk of lime based on Ca(OH)₂ or CaO₂ was compared. Using milk of lime resulted in the pollutants elimination and an improvement in the indicator parameters defined as ether extract and total suspension > 95%, BOD5 and COD > 30% and > 50% resp., total P > 70% and Kjeldahl total N > 25%.

10

Wpływ sortowania i flotacji prowadzonych w warunkach laboratoryjnych na wybrane właściwości mas włóknistych ze zużytej tektury falistej

Wojciechowski Piotr, Danielewicz Dariusz

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2024

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R. 80, nr 3

148--154

PL

Głównym celem niniejszej pracy było określenie wpływu oczyszczania mas włók nistych zzadrukowanej zewnętrznie (3 próbki) oraz zadrukowanej i polakierowa nej (3 próbki) tektury falistej za pomocą sortowania, flotacji oraz następujących po sobie sortowaniu i flotacji na wydajność mas w tych procesach oraz wybrane wskaźniki oceny ich czystości chemicznej i optycznej. Badania wykazały: stosunkowo niską wydajność procesów oczyszczania mas z tektur falistych (wynikającą z dużej zawartości w nich frakcji drobnej i substancji mineralnych, ulegających oddzieleniu w procesach oczyszczania; zawartość ligniny na poziomie l.k. 40-55), wyższą zawartość cętek w masach z tektur lakierowanych, maksymalnie ok. połowiczną efektywność usuwania farby drukarskiej i zaledwie kilkuprocentowy wzrost białości R457 mas po procesach oczyszczania.

EN

The main aim of this work was to determine the effect of cleaning of pulp from externally printed (3 samples) and printed and varnished (3 samples) of old corrugated board (OCC) by means of screening, flotation and subsequent sorting and flotation on the yield of the pulp in these processes and selected indices of assessment of their chemical and optical purity. Research has shown that relatively low yield of pulps from OCC in the cleaning processes results from the high content of fines fraction and mineral substances in them separating during the cleaning processes; lignin content at kappa number level of 40-55 units; higher specs content in pulps from varnished OCC; maximum approximately 50% efficiency of removal of printing ink from such type of pulps and only a few percent increase of their brightness after cleaning processes.

11

The influence of metal ions on the adsorption of octyl hydroxamic acid in the flotation of bastnaesite and the adsorption mechanism

Liu Rongxiang, Li Jie, Cao Zhao, Shi Wenqiang

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2024

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Vol. 60, iss. 5

art. no. 192809

EN

The influence mechanism of metal ions on the adsorption of octyl hydroxamic acid (OHA) by bastnaesite in a flotation system was studied by flotation experiments, adsorption capacity tests, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization, and density functional theory (DFT) study. From the experimental results, it can be seen that the flotation and the adsorption capacity tests showed that the single metal ions Ca2+, Ba2+, and Fe3+ promoted the flotation recovery of bastnaesite, and the order of their ability was Ba2+>Fe3+>Ca2+. The addition of mixed metal ions inhibited the adsorption of OHA on the surface of bastnaesite, resulting in a decrease in the flotation recovery of bastnaesite. The XPS analysis showed that the N concentration on the surface of bastnaesite after single metal ion action was significantly higher than that without metal ion action, while the N concentration on the surface of bastnaesite after mixed metal ion action was significantly lower than that without metal ion action. When Ca2+, Ba2+, and Fe3+ ions were added, new peaks appeared at 401.24 eV, 397.68 eV, and 397.19 eV in the N1s fitting peaks, respectively, which may be caused by the formation of N-M (OH) chemical bonds between M(OH)+ (M: Ca2+, Ba2+, Fe3+) and nitrogen atoms in OHA. This indicated that metal ions Ca2+, Ba2+, and Fe3+ form metal chelated with nitrogen atoms in OHA. The DFT study on the (100) surface of bastnaesite also showed that the doping of metal ions showed a stronger spontaneity and enhanced adsorption capacity due to the decrease of adsorption energy between OHA and bastnaesite surface. There were two adsorption sites of bastnaesite, one is that the Ce atom adsorbs two oxygen atoms of OHA to form a five-membered chelate, and the other adsorption site was that O-M(OH) on bastnaesite interacts with OHA; Therefore, the configuration of the oxygen atom adsorption site is O-M-O-N bond, during which M(OH)n+(n:1,2) loses OH, and the N-O-H chemical bond on OHA loses H+ to form an H2O molecule, a typical dehydration reaction, so the adsorption is more stable. Therefore, the surface of bastnaesite has two adsorption forms with OHA, one is R-NH-O-M-CeFCO3 and R-NH-O-CeFCO3.

12

Study on the mechanism of action of various metal ions on the surface of monazite

Liu Rongxiang, Yang Zhanfeng, Li Jie, Cao Zhao, Li Qiang, Li Jichuan

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2024

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Vol. 60, iss. 2

art. no. 185901

EN

By studying the various metal ions released from the grinding process, and conducting the flotation test of monazite and symbiotic ore, using zeta potential measurements and FTIR infrared spectrum analysis methods, the influence of metal ions on the surface of monazite and the mechanism of action are obtained. The results showed that the main metal ions in the flotation environment of monazite are Ca2+, Ba2+, and Fe3+. When the pulp pH value was 8, Ca2+, Fe3+, and Ba2+ concentration was 3×10-4 mol/dm3, 3×10-5 mol/dm3, and was 2×10-4 mol/dm3 respectively, and OHA collector dosage was 5×10-4 mol/dm3, while the flotation recoveries of monazite, calcite. And fluorite was above 95 %, 40.43 %, and below 45.32 %, and the recovery rate of barite and bastnaesite in the presence of Ca2+ and Fe3+ is below 54.32 % and 38.68 %, respectively and the effective separation of monazite and symbiotic ore was obtained. The zeta potential measurements showed that when only metal ions are added to monazite, monazite (IEP) shifts to the right, and the negative charge on the surface of monazite decreases, which may be due to the positive charge of metal ions adsorbed on the surface of monazite, increasing the positive charge on the surface of monazite. When Ca2+, Ba2+, Fe3+, and OHA were added to the monazite pulp, the IEP of monazite moved to the left, and the negative charge of monazite shifted to the positive direction as a whole, indicating that Ca2+, Ba2+, and Fe3+ were adsorbed on the surface of monazite and increase the positive charge on the surface of monazite. When the pH value was 7 ~ 10, the surface of monazite was the same as that before and after the action of the agent, and both were negatively charged. At this time, OHA can still adsorb on the calcite, that was, the chemical affinity overcomes the same electric repulsion and adsorbs, so that the potential of the monazite after the action is reduced, which is chemical adsorption. The FTIR showed that when the metal ions Ca2+, Ba2+, and Fe3+ are added to activate the surface of monazite, the peak area of the organic functional group-CH2−CH3 at 3000-2800 cm−1 was enhanced, and a new peak appears at 1382 cm−1. The reason is that the N-O-H functional group of OHA collector was adsorbed on the surface of monazite, and a red shift (44 cm−1) occurs, and a new peak appears at 1454 cm−1. The reason is that the C-N functional group of OHA collector is adsorbed on the surface of monazite. The lone electron pair of the nitrogen atom of the amide group in the OHA forms chelates with Ca2+, Ba2+, and Fe3+ atoms, which further increases the adsorption amount of OHA. This showed that the adsorption of monazite surface by metal ions provides active sites for the adsorption of OHA collectors. These phenomena indicate that the adsorption capacity of OHA on the surface of monazite activated by Ca2+, Ba2+, and Fe3+ is enhanced and a stable five-membered ring metal chelate is formed. Combined with flotation results and zeta potential data, infrared spectroscopy analysis, the adsorption capacity of Ca2+, Ba2+, and Fe3+ activated monazite surface: Fe3+>Ca2+>Ba2+.

13

Study of the effect of airflow rate and agitation speed on entrainment of ash particles in bottom ash flotation

Kim Minsik, You Kwangsuk, Kim Kwanho, Jeon Yong-woo

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2024

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Vol. 60, iss. 2

art. no. 187835

EN

To enhance the recovery and grade of the final product, reducing the entrainment of the hydrophilic particles during flotation is critical. We conducted the improvement of entrainment to reduce the amount of ash in the concentrate with the purpose of recovering high-quality unburned carbon from the bottom ash and reusing it as fuel in power plant. In this study, we investigated the effects of airflow rate and agitation speed on the entrainment of hydrophilic particles. In the selfaerating flotation machine, it was difficult to independently control the agitation speed and airflow rate, resulting in the degree of entrainment of 0.74. By independently controlling the airflow in which hydrophobic particles can float under conditions of the degree of entrainment with 0.7 (low agitation speed: 900 rpm), the combustible recovery and unburned carbon content of concentrate were 93.71% and 93.60%, respectively. The degree of entrainment was found to be 0.57, and entrainment could be minimized through independent control of airflow rate and agitation speed. To minimize entrainment, it is effective to inject air that can suspend hydrophobic particles in a low agitation speed condition.

14

Pyrite depression by sodium metabisulfite and dextrin with xanthates: contact angle, floatability, zeta potential and IR spectroscopy studies

Corona-Arroyo Mario Alberto, López-Frías Karen, Solorzano Karen, Echeveste Cristina, Salazar-Hernández Ma Mercedes, Pineda-Urbina Kayim, Yang Bingqiao

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2024

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Vol. 60, iss. 6

art. no. 197068

EN

The individual and combined depressive action of metabisulfite and dextrin on pyrite in the presence and absence of amyl xanthate has been studied through contact angle, zeta potential, microflotation, and IR spectroscopy analyses. The combined application of depressants significantly reduces the contact angle of pyrite compared with that of galena, with this effect being enhanced when the pulp is oxygenated during conditioning with metabisulfite, facilitating pyrite surface oxidation. Zeta potential measurements demonstrate the role of the oxidation process in decreasing the magnitude of the negative electric charge on the pyrite surface. These results were further corroborated by IR spectroscopy studies, which confirmed the oxidation of the pyrite surface in the presence of metabisulfite, as well as the co-adsorption of dextrin and amyl xanthate. In microflotation experiments, pyrite and galena exhibited contrasting flotation behaviors, with pyrite being effectively depressed at pH 8 when a combination of air, metabisulfite, and dextrin was used.

15

Improving the flotation of ultrafine pyrite in alkaline solution by a novel polystyrene-based nanoparticle collector

Chang Ziyong, Li Guoyao, Zhang Hao, Shen Zhengchang, Zou Laichang, Sun Zhongmei, Yang Songtao

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2024

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Vol. 60, iss. 6

art. no. 195384

EN

It is hard to achieve a satisfactory flotation performance of ultrafine pyrite in alkaline solution using the conventional xanthate collectors. In this work, a novel nanoparticle flotation collector Zijin Nanomaterial (ZJNM) was prepared by emulsion polymerization to enhance the flotation of ultrafine pyrite. It was found that ZJNM was effective in the flotation of ultrafine pyrite with diameter smaller than 18 μm in alkaline solution, which was independent on pH. Mechanism study indicated that the surface of pyrite in alkaline solution was composed of unoxidized surface area and oxidized surface area. ZJNM could adsorb on the unoxidized pyrite surface by forming Fe-S between S atoms on nanoparticles and Fe atoms on pyrite surface, and adsorb on oxidized pyrite surface through hydrogen bonding between -NH2 on nanoparticles and Fe-OH on pyrite surface, thus increasing the overall hydrophobicity of pyrite and benefit flotation. This work is of guiding significance to enhance the flotation of ultrafine pyrite in practice.

16

Flotation performance of a novel collector, ethyl o-mesitylsulfonylacetohydroxamate, for bastnaesite ores

Di Yuli, Liu Xiankui, He Xia, Zhang Hao, Huang Haiyan, Cheng Wang, Jiao Yu

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2024

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Vol. 60, iss. 1

art. no. 185550

EN

Existing collectors used in the flotation process of bastnaesite ores are characterized by the poor flotation performance and low recovery. In this paper, from the perspective of molecular structure, ethyl O-mesitylsulfonylacetohydroxamate (C1) was selected as a novel collector for bastnaesite ores, and compared with the most commonly used collector, salicylhydroxamic acid (C2), in the flotation test with bastnaesite ore with fine mineral particles, complex embedding and a high mud content. The flotation test confirmed that C1 had the better collection ability and flotation performance than C2. Then, the adsorption mechanisms between collectors (C1 and C2) and bastnaesite surface were explored based on first principles thinking. The adsorption energies between collectors (C1 and C2) and the (110) plane of bastnaesite were respectively calculated as -1.79 eV and -1.44 eV and corresponding adsorption heights were respectively 1.65 Å and 2.43 Å. These data indicated that C1 had the better affinity to the (110) plane of bastnaesite and the better binding. The calculation results of partial density of states (PDOS) showed that both collectors underwent significant orbital hybridization with the (110) plane of bastnaesite, suggesting strong electronic interactions.

17

Effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on flotation purification of quartz

Deng Jiabao, Luo Dawei, Bai Junzhe, Rong Ke

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2024

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Vol. 60, iss. 3

art. no. 190008

EN

Quartz sand purity dictates its applications, with current research focusing on flotation purification. To investigate the effects of ultrasonic pretreatment on quartz flotation, an RKIII single-tank flotation machine was employed at a neutral pH of 6.8, and the impacts of varying ultrasonic powers (120-300 W) and different treatment durations (0-25 min) were discussed. Additionally, ultrasonic pretreatments were carried out in acidic and alkaline environments simulated by 1%-5% solutions of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, respectively. Through the analysis of impurity content in quartz sand, it was found that under natural pH conditions and a power range of 120-300 W, the optimal purification effect was achieved by adding 100 g of quartz sand to 1200 cm3 of deionized water and subjecting it to ultrasonic treatment for 10-15 min. As the ultrasonic power increased, the purification effect was enhanced. The results showed that the removal of Fe2O3, TiO2, and Al2O3 was increased by 10.4%, 3.3%, and 1.2%, respectively, compared with that of the conventional flotation after ultrasonic pretreatment for 15 min with ultrasound power 240 W in a neutral environment. In the optimal 5% HCl solution, the removal rate of Fe2O3 was 11.2% and 21.6% higher than that of the control group and the untreated group, respectively. The removal rate of TiO2 was 4.6% and 7.9% higher, respectively. The removal rate of Fe2O3 increased by 23.2% and that of TiO2 increased by 9.1% with 240 W ultrasonic treatment in 4% NaOH solution.

18

Effect of two-stage energy input on enhancing the flotation process of high-ash coal slime

Wang Xing, Han Youli, Zhu Jinbo, Liu Lingyun, Wang Hongyang, Lin Zhiyong, Xia Shuwei, Wang Po

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2024

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Vol. 60, iss. 3

art. no. 189958

EN

To solve the mismatch problems of nonlinear changes of coal slurry properties and energy input during the continuous flotation process, a two-stage energy input method was used to promote the efficient recovery of clean coal and achieve maximized benefits. Results showed that the flotation rate constant increased with the increase in stirring speed and reached its maximum value of 0.0271 s-1 when the stirring speed increased to 1200 r/min under a single energy input, with a maximum combustible recovery of 74.35%. However, the short-term flotation results within 40 s showed that the combustible recovery increased with stirring speed and reached its maximum value of 50.19% at 1500 r/min. The stirring speed was set at 1800 r/min for a fast flotation period and 2400 r/min for an enhanced separation period, which could achieve a maximum combustible recovery of 89.21%. Furthermore, the adsorption density of the collector was optimized, exceeding that achieved under single-stage energy input. The flotation process could be optimized by two-stage energy input. Coarse coal particles were preferentially floated by low-speed stirring in the initial fast selection period. Fine coal particles were further separated during the enhanced separation period under the action of highspeed shear. Two-stage energy input could significantly improve the combustible recovery of the overall flotation of coal slime.

19

Effect of activator on foam properties in sulfurous iron ore flotation

Chen Xiangxiang, Zhang Zhaoyang, Qiang Wen, Huang Shiyi, Liu Fangzheng, Qiu Lu, Ouyang Yunfei, Liu Tianhao, Liu Shuzhong

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2024

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Vol. 60, iss. 5

art. no. 192825

EN

Sulfurous iron minerals with recovery value are contained in a lead-zinc tailing in Fujian Province, China. However, the sulfurous iron minerals are depressed by lime in the early lead-zinc flotation, therefore it is necessary to use appropriate activators to improve the floatability of the mineral. The property of flotation foam can directly reflect the quality of the flotation index. The addition of activators can also change the properties of flotation foam. In this paper, an effective activator combination was selected through actual mine tests and foam analysis. The mineralogical study of the lead-zinc tailing was first carried out through chemical multi-element analysis and XRD. The flotation tests on the recovery of sulfurous iron ore by different activators were carried out. Finally, a foam scanning analyzer was used to test and analyze the frothing performance and froth stability of the slurry under different activation conditions. The results showed that the dispersion-activation flotation and dispersion-combined activation flotation can help to improve the frothing performance of the slurry and improve the flotation indexes. At the same time, the enhanced activated flotation can also reduce the froth stability indexes (FSI) to less than 20 s, and the reduction of the froth stability can help to improve the flotation recovery. For each activation flotation process that achieves the best flotation index, the frothing performance and foam stability of the pulp is close to that of the flotation tests index.

20

Effect and mechanism on the flotation desulfurization of high-sulfur bauxite by using the mixed collector of PYDH

Han Li, Zhang Qin

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2024

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Vol. 60, iss. 1

art. no. 183812

EN

Desulfurization of high sulfur bauxite is an important issue in Bayer alumina production. In this study, by using two anionic sulphydryl collectors (HX, HD) as mixed collectors (PYDH), the selectivity of flotation separation between pyrite and diaspore was improved, thereby reducing the sulfur content of high sulfur bauxite and ultimately meeting the production requirements of Bayer alumina. The findings showed that under the optimized conditions of 500 g/Mg collector, 150 g/Mg inhibitor, 200 g/Mg activator, 100 g/Mg foaming agent, and a slurry pH of 9, the sulfur content of bauxite can be reduced from 3.35% to 0.33% through one rough selection, one fine selection, and one scavenging flotation. Moreover, the interaction mechanism between mixed collectors and pyrite was studied through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Zeta potential analysis, and contact angle testing. SEM-EDS research confirmed that PYDH adsorbed on the surface of pyrite. The contact angle measurement analysis showed that compared to individual collectors, pretreated pyrite with mixed collectors had better hydrophobicity. Zeta potential, FTIR, and XPS results indicated that PYDH selectively adsorbed pyrite through chemical adsorption. The mixed collector PYDH is an effective collector for pyrite in high sulfur bauxite flotation desulfurization.