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Evaluation of the water eutrophication level of the Goczałkowice dam reservoir (Poland, Central Europe)

Jachniak Ewa

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2025

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Nr 94 (tom 1)

149--175

EN

The aim of the research was to assess the state of eutrophication of the Goczałkowice dam reservoir in 2021 and 2022. The Goczałkowice reservoir is located in southern Poland, in Central Europe. This reservoir has flood control and water supply functions, therefore the purity of its waters is very important. The reservoir is surrounded by numerous agricultural fields and rural areas without a sewage system. This significantly contributes to the increase in the fertility of the reservoir water. The samples for algae research were taken during the vegetation season in 2021 and 2022 during 6 months from two research points (from May to October) – G 1 and G 2. The assessment of the trophic state of studied reservoir parts was based on limit values given by Heinonen for the total phytoplankton biomass and the OECD limit values for chlorophyll a, total phosphorus and total nitrogen. The results of the research regarding the average size of algae biomass in the reservoir water indicate a prevailing meso-/eutrophic (2.96 mg·dm-3 – G 1 and 2.73 mg·dm-3 – G 2 in 2021) and eutrophic state of the water (3.15 mg·dm-3 – G 1 and 2.94 mg·dm-3 – G 2 in 2022) at the studied sites in both years of the research (the boundary values of the phytoplankton biomass for meso- /eutrophy and eutrophy amount to 1.98 mg·dm-3 – 3.45 mg·dm-3 and 3.45 mg·dm-3 – 6.93 mg·dm-3 respectively). The numerous Cyanobacteria (i.a. Microcystis viridis, Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Planktothrix agardhii), green algae (i.a. Pediastrum boryanum, Coelastrum microporum) and diatoms (i.a. Aulacoseira granulata, Nitzschia acicularis and Nitzschia sigmoidea) have been observed in the reservoir water. These taxa are typical for eutrophic waters. High concentrations of total nitrogen (in the range of 0.57 mg·dm-3 and 1.6 mg·dm-3) and total phosphorus (between 0.034 mg·dm-3 and 0.1 mg·dm-3) allowed the reservoir water in the area of the dam to be classified as eutrophic and periodically hypertrophic, especially in the summer (the boundary values of the total phosphorus and total nitrogen concentrations for eutrophy amount to 0.035 mg·dm-3 – 0.1 mg·dm-3 and 0.6 mg·dm-3 – 1.5 mg·dm-3 respectively). This is particularly dangerous due to the fact that this reservoir is used as a water supply source.

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Ocena skuteczności mikrobiologicznej bioremediacji zbiornika Morskie Oko we Wrocławiu

Mazur Robert, Mazur Agata, Wagner Aleksandra, Lewicki Piotr

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2025

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T. 104, nr 11

1149--1157

PL

Dokonano oceny skuteczności mikrobiologicznej bioremediacji zbiornika Morskie Oko we Wrocławiu, miejskiego kąpieliska silnie obciążonego rekreacją i ptactwem wodnym. Wstępne badania przeprowadzono w maju 2024 r., po czym zastosowano 5 m³ biopreparatów ACS Aqua Culture i uruchomiono mikroaerację. W maju 2025 r. ponownie oceniono takie parametry fizykochemiczne i biologiczne wód oraz osadów, jak: fosfor i azot ogólny, chlorofil a, rozpuszczony tlen (warstwa powierzchniowa i przydenna), pH, przejrzystość wody i grubość osadów organicznych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem eutrofizacji i struktury osadów dennych. Wyniki wykazały poprawę jakości wód: spadek zawartości biogenów i chlorofilu a, wzrost stężenia tlenu przy dnie, większą przejrzystość i zmniejszenie osadów organicznych. Połączenie mikroaeracji z bioremediacją mikrobiologiczną okazało się skuteczne we wspomaganiu samooczyszczania przy presji biologicznej i antropogenicznej.

EN

Microbiol. effectiveness of bioremediation of the Morskie Oko reservoir in Wrocław, Poland, was assessed. The bioremediation included the application of 5 m³ of ACS Aqua Culture microbial preparations and the implementation of microaeration starting in May 2024. In May 2025, phys.-chem. and biol. parameters of water and sediments were reassessed, including total P and N, chlorophyll a, dissolved O (surface and bottom layers), pH, water transparency, and thickness of org. sediments, focusing on eutrophication and sediment structure. The results showed an improved water quality: reduced nutrients and chlorophyll a, increased bottom-layer O, higher transparency, and decreased org. sediments. Combining microaeration with microbial bioremediation proved to be effective in supporting self-purifn. under biol. and anthropogenic pressure.

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Bioremediacja zbiornika Kępina w Zduńskiej Woli z zastosowaniem biopreparatów allochtonicznych : wyniki i skuteczność w poprawie jakości wód

Jakubiak Mateusz, Mazur Robert, Mazur Agata, Santos Luis

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2025

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T. 104, nr 11

1158--1164

PL

Zbiornik Kępina w Zduńskiej Woli (8 ha, głębokość 1,2-2 m, HRT 13-24 h) zmagał się z eutrofizacją, zakwitami sinic i osadami organicznymi. W 2024 r. przeprowadzono bioremediację mikrobiologiczną z użyciem biopreparatów allochtonicznych. Analiza wyników (08.08.2024 - 02.09.2025) wykazała spadek grubości osadów dennych o 36%, wzrost przejrzystości wody o 44,4% oraz zawartości tlenu (przy powierzchni o 17%, przy dnie o 44%). To wynik aktywności mikroorganizmów rozkładających frakcje organiczne, mimo wpływu dopływu z rzeki Pichny. Krótki hydrauliczny czas retencji sugeruje, że zmiany mogą częściowo wynikać z wahań hydrologicznych, jednak dane wskazują na skuteczność bioremediacji. W celu weryfikacji trwałości efektów zaleca się monitorowanie dopływu. Studium potwierdza potencjał metod mikrobiologicznych w rekultywacji zbiorników zdegradowanych.

EN

The Kępina reservoir in Zduńska Wola (8 ha, depth 1.2-2 m, hydraulic retention time 13-24 h) was bioremediated to remove eutrophication and cyanobacterial blooms, and to limit organic sediment accumulation. The microbial. bioremediation was conducted in 2024 by using allochthonous biopreparations. Analysis of results in Sep. 2025 showed a 36% reduction in bottom sediment org. fraction, a 44.4% increase in water transparency, and an increase in oxygen content (surface 17%, bottom 44%). These effects were achieved despite the influence of inflow from the Pichna River. The study confirmed the potential of microbial methods in the reclamation of degraded reservoirs.

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Bioremediacja Jeziora Zamkowego w Gostyninie : analiza efektywności procesu i ograniczenia zjawisk eutrofizacji

Grübel Klaudiusz, Mazur Robert, Głowienka Ewa, Karwowski Przemysław

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2025

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T. 104, nr 11

1141--1148

PL

Analiza dwuletniej bioremediacji mikrobiologicznej Jeziora Zamkowego w Gostyninie (lipiec 2023-lipiec 2025) wykazała jej dużą skuteczność. Przed interwencją jezioro borykało się z zakwitami glonów, dużą miąższością osadów dennych i gnilnym odorem. Badanie miało ocenić wpływ zastosowanych preparatów biologicznych na parametry wody i osady denne. Wyniki pokazały znaczącą poprawę stanu ekologicznego. Grubość osadów dennych zmniejszyła się średnio o 60,33% (cel wynosił 30%). Przejrzystość wody wzrosła o 82,7%. Stężenie tlenu w strefie przydennej wzrosło o 3918%, a w powierzchniowej o 17,80%. Gnilne odory i zakwity glonów praktycznie zanikły. Proces bioremediacji przywrócił równowagę ekosystemową, co potwierdza efektywność mikrobiologicznych metod rekultywacji zdegradowanych zbiorników.

EN

A two-year analysis of the microbiological bioremediation of Lake Zamkowe in Gostynin (07.2023-07.2025) confirmed its high effectiveness. Before the intervention, the lake suffered from algal blooms and putrid odors. The study aimed to assess the impact of biological preparations on water parameters and bottom sediments. The results showed a significant improvement in the ecological state. The thickness of bottom sediments decreased by an average of 60.33% (the goal was 30%). Water clarity increased by 82.7%. The oxygen concentration in the bottom layer rose by 3918%, and in the surface layer by 17.80%. Putrid odors and algal blooms virtually disappeared. The bioremediation process restored the ecosystem's balance, confirming the effectiveness of microbiological methods for reclaiming degraded water bodies.

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Ocena stanu troficznego wód zbiornika Tresna na podstawie stężenia chlorofilu

Jachniak Ewa, Wilman Marek

Polish Journal of Materials and Environmental Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 9 (29)

39--50

EN

The aim of this research was to assess the state of eutrophication of the Tresna dam reservoir. Knowledge of the degree of eutrophication of the reservoir water is very important, because water with a high degree of eutrophication is often unsuitable for use (especially recreational and water supply). The trophic state was determined based on chlorophyll a concentrations. In addition, the species composition of planktonic algae in the reservoir water was also analyzed in the summer period. The water samples for research were taken during the vegetation season in 2023 year during 5 months (from May to September) from two research points – T1 (the beach area in Zarzecze) and T2 (the area of the dam in Tresna). Chlorophyll a concentrations in the area of the beach in Zarzecze exceeded the lower limit values for mesotrophy for most of the study period. In turn, in May and August, they indicated the eutrophic nature of the reservoir water. The average concentration of chlorophyll a in the study period in this region (7.24 μg/dm3) indicates the mesotrophic character of the water. In turn, chlorophyll a concentrations at the research site in Tresna (near the reservoir dam) were more variable during the research period and they indicated a state from oligotrophy to eutrophy. The average chlorophyll a concentration (5,27 μg/dm3) while allowed to classify the water of this region as mesotrophic. The dominant taxa of algae in the water samples were Fragilaria crotonensis, Asterionella formosa (diatoms), Pediastrum duplex and Gloeotil-la (green algae) and Ceratium hirundinella (dinoflagellates). The numerous presence of Fragi-laria crotonensis and Asterionella formosa in the samples may indicate an increase in the level of eutrophication, because they live in large numbers in eutrophic water and sometimes creating blooms. In turn, the presence of the dinoflagellate Ceratium hirundinella may confirm a more temporarily moderate the level of fertility in the reservoir water and a small amount of organic compounds.

6

Porównanie parametrów fizykochemicznych wód powierzchniowych o różnym przeznaczeniu na przykładzie zbiorników Tatar Górny i Tatar Dolny

Gryglik Dorota, Kapuścińska Ewelina, Jagniątkowski Paweł

Instal

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2025

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nr 3

48--53

PL

Celem pracy było zbadanie zmienności wartości wybranych parametrów fizyko-chemicznych w wodach powierzchniowych w zależności od pory roku. Oznaczenia prowadzono dla wody z Zalewu Tatar w Rawie Mazowieckiej. Próbki wody do badań pobierane były w okresie od maja do grudnia 2023 roku. Do oznaczeń wytypowano następujące wskaźniki jakości wody: temperatura, pH, mętność, przewodność elektryczna właściwa, stężenie tlenu rozpuszczonego, biochemiczne zapotrzebowanie na tlen, chemiczne zapotrzebowanie na tlen metodą nadmanganianową, stężenie azotu amonowego, fosforu ortofosforanowego, żelaza (III) oraz chlorków. Wyniki badań były odniesione do ogólnych wskaźników jakości wód powierzchniowych obowiązujących w Polsce. Zaobserwowano, że niektóre właściwości fizyko-chemiczne wód badanych zbiorników podlegały dynamicznym zmianom w okresie prowadzonych badań. Ponadto, stwierdzono, że realnym zagrożeniem dla wód badanych zbiorników jest podwyższone stężenie fosforu ortofosforanowego, które, w okresie letnim, może prowadzić do nadmiernego rozwoju organizmów fitoplanktonowych (eutrofizacji).

EN

The aim of the study was to examine the variability of selected physicochemical parameters in surface waters depending on the season. Measurements were conducted on water from Tatar Reservoir in Rawa Mazowiecka. Analyzed water samples were collected from May to December 2023. The following water quality indicators were selected for analysis: temperature, pH, turbidity, specific electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen concentration, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand using the permanganate method, ammonium nitrogen concentration, orthophosphate phosphorus concentration, iron (III) concentration and chloride concentration. The study results were compared with the general surface water quality indicators applicable in Poland. It was observed that some physicochemical properties of the studied reservoirs underwent dynamic changes during the study period. Furthermore, it was found that an actual threat to the water in the studied reservoirs is the elevated concentration of orthophosphate phosphorus, which, during the summer period, may lead to excessive development of phytoplankton organisms (eutrophication).

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Driving factors affecting zooplankton functional groups in a shallow eutrophic lake

Sorguç Bura Uğur, Demirkalp Fatma Yıldız, Saygı Yasemin

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2024

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Vol. 53, No. 4

396--409

EN

The important role of zooplankton in linking different trophic levels has been the subject of extensive research, highlighting their crucial contribution to aquatic ecosystems and energy flow. Classification of organisms into functional groups using a method that combines taxonomic assessments with direct functional measurements is very effective in understanding their interactions with the environment. Our objective was to determine the seasonal changes of zooplankton in Lake Yeniçağa using zooplankton functional groups. A total of 19 zooplankton species were identified in the lake and classified into six functional groups. Medium-sized cladoceran and copepod carnivorous feeders (MCC) accounted for 45.74% of all functional groups and were the dominant group in the lake. Throughout the year, medium and large zooplankton generally dominated in the lake, with smaller functional groups briefly dominating in spring and autumn. Statistical analysis indicates that medium-sized cladoceran and copepod filter feeders (MCF) and large-sized cladoceran and copepod filter feeders (LCF) showed a positive relationship with Secchi depth and a negative relationship with chlorophyll a. Other groups exhibited relatively lower correlations with environmental parameters. It can be concluded that the observed seasonal changes in these groups are affected not only by environmental parameters, but also by the availability of food resources.

8

Assessment of eutrophication in the Berdan River Basin (Türkiye) using various classification tools

Özbay Özgür, Akçay Ismail, Alp Mehmet Tahir, Göksu Münir Ziya Lugal

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2024

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Vol. 53, No. 1

16--23

EN

The trophic status of the Berdan River Basin was determined using univariate and multivariate classification tools. The results indicated that the water quality/trophic status of a downstream section of the Berdan River was characterized as “poor/eutrophic” due to anthropogenic inputs from agricultural, industrial and domestic wastewater discharges. Strong and positive correlations between TRIX values and concentrations of eutrophication parameters suggest that nutrient enrichment of water in the Berdan River during its flow will result in further eutrophication in the coastal region of the NE Mediterranean Sea. Therefore, the trophic and pollution status of the Berdan River, as well as other regional rivers flowing into the coastal area of the NE Mediterranean Sea should be monitored to develop action plans and sustainable management of eutrophication in regional rivers and the oligotrophic Mediterranean Sea.

9

Analysis of data on cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in public supply reservoirs (São Paulo, Brazil)

De Souza-Bronstein Caroline Augusta, Moschini-Carlos Viviane

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2024

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Vol. 53, No. 4

410--423

EN

The incidence of cyanobacterial blooms in reservoirs intended for human supply represents a serious health risk due to the ability of these organisms to produce cyanotoxins. The study aimed to collect and summarize information related to variables associated with eutrophication of water sources of the Sorocaba River basin (São Paulo, Brazil). The objective was to assess the occurrence of cyanotoxins in treated water supplied to approximately 800,000 people. The study analyzed data from different abstraction, treatment, and distribution stations, emphasizing the supply from the Itupararanga and Ipanema dams, as well as the Sorocaba River. Data were obtained from the Drinking Water Quality Surveillance Information System (SISAGUA), the Autonomous Water and Sewage Service (SAAE), and the Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo (CETESB). A total of 4719 data points for cyanobacteria, chlorophyll-a, and cyanotoxins were analyzed between 2014 and 2021. The results indicate a deterioration in the trophic state of the Sorocaba River and the Itupararanga Dam, revealing a correlation between cyanobacteria and saxitoxins, with a predominance of the genus Raphidiopsis. A microcystin concentration of 0.40 µg l-1 was recorded at the Itupararanga Dam in treated water.

10

Continuing long-term expansion of low-oxygen conditions in the Eastern Gulf of Finland

Stoicescu Stella-Theresa, Hoikkala Laura, Fleming Vivi, Lips Urmas

Oceanologia

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2024

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No. 66 (1)

139--152

EN

To develop an oxygen indicator for the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland (EGOF), a dataset covering 1900–2021 was compiled. The analysis revealed a long-term declining trend in dissolved oxygen concentrations in the EGOF deep layer of 0.022 mg L–1 a–1 and multi-decadal variations associated with the observed changes in hydrographic conditions. About 27% of the decline in oxygen concentrations for 1900–2021 and 40% for 1990–2021 can be explained by the decrease in solubility due to the temperature increase and changes in hydrographic conditions. The water volume and bottom area under low oxygen conditions in 2016–2021, characterized by dissolved oxygen concentrations <= 6 mg L–1, have increased, compared to the selected reference period with almost no human impact in the 1920s–1950s, from 9.8 km3 to 78.0 km3 (from 2.6% to 20.9% of the EGOF total volume) and from 1190 km2 to 4950 km2 (from 13.4% to 56.0% of the EGOF total area), respectively. The environmental status of the EGOF was assessed as not good based on the introduced oxygen indicator. We conclude that, in the long-term, low oxygen conditions have expanded mostly due to the excess load and accumulation of nutrients in the system and temperature-related changes in biogeochemical processes and fluxes. However, on a decadal scale, changes in hydrographic conditions, i.e. stratification and mixing, can significantly impact the sub-surface oxygen conditions in the EGOF and similar estuarine basins.

11

Variability of concentrations of phosphorus forms under the conditions of weir renovation : The Głuszynka river-lake system case study

Janicka Ewelina, Kanclerz Jolanta, Agaj Tropikë, Policht-Latawiec Agnieszka

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2024

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no. 61

183--189

EN

To fill the knowledge gap on the functioning of the river-lake system during the modernisation of the weir, an analysis of the variability of selected physico-chemical indicators was carried out. In the parameter analysis, particular emphasis was placed on phosphorus (P) and orthophosphate(V) (OP) content in the hydrological year 2022 and water quality was compared before, during and after the maintenance work on the discharge weir. Physicochemical parameters were analysed monthly at four stations. Concentrations of P and OP increased significantly as a result of the refurbishment works at the measurement point located downstream of the weir (P4), which contributed to the determination of a statistically significant change point. At the same time, when high P and OP contents were observed, high electrolytic conductivity and ammonium nitrogen in water were also recorded. The content of P and OP indicators was further reduced, but their content was still several times higher than before the renovation. The renovation of the weir below Lake Jeziory Wielkie contributed to a significant deterioration of water quality in the river-lake system. Due to the nature of this system, this was of great importance for the downstream reservoirs. The statistical analysis showed that the renovation of the weir below Lake Jeziory Wielkie contributed to a significant deterioration of water quality in the river-lake system.

12

Causes of eutrophication in small water reservoirs in urban areas

Ziółek Marta, Mięsiak-Wójcik Katarzyna, Kończak Magdalena, Pliżga Mariusz, Siwek Krzysztof, Chmiel Stanisław

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2024

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no. 63

208--221

EN

The aim of the study was to determine the causes of eutrophication in small urban water reservoirs located in the UMCS Botanical Garden in Lublin, supplied via surface and groundwater. The research (hydrological, hydrobiological, and hydrochemical), which included both field and laboratory work, was conducted during the growing season in the years 2022-2023. These ponds are fed by waters from the Czechówka River and, to a lesser extent, by groundwater (seepage). Both river and groundwater are characterised by high concentrations of mineral forms of nitrogen and phosphorus, ranging from 1.49 to 12.0 mg N∙dm-3 and 0.07 to 0.21 mg P∙dm-3, respectively. This contributes to the intensive development of phytoplankton, especially during the summer period, with diatoms dominating the phytoplankton structure. The trophic state of the ponds ranges from eutrophic to hypertrophic. The study showed that the high degree of eutrophication was due to the load of nutrients delivered by the waters of the Czechówka River. Despite having several times higher concentrations of mineral and total nitrogen than in the river water, the spring water feeding the ponds had a negligible impact on the quality of the pond water due to low flow rate (<0.5 dm3 ∙s-1). Therefore, the construction of urban ponds as part of green-blue infrastructure should consider the possibility of reducing nutrients through biogeochemical barriers and suspended sedimentation. It is also advisable to partially shade the water surface by planting trees in the shoreline zone to limit water heating and phytoplankton development.

13

Standardizing the Wastewater Composition in Order to Minimize the Eutrophication Risk for the Reservoir

Proskurnin Oleg, Tsapko Natalia, Ivashchenko Taras, Vasilenko Sergey, Belokon Karina, Zakharchenko Nikolay, Yurchenko Anatolii, Teliura Natalia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 6

144--152

EN

The article strives to determine the allowable content of nutrients in the wastewater that is being discharged into a reservoir, with the end goal of minimizing the risk of eutrophication. It was noted that the methodology currently used in Ukraine and most European countries to control pollutant discharge in wastewater is designed to simply not exceed the permissible pollution level in natural water based on sanitary indicators, which does not guarantee the absence of the eutrophication risk to the water bodies. The article describes a developed method for determining the allowable composition of wastewater based on biogenic indicators. The proposed method takes into account the consecutive transformation of nutrients, the probabilistic nature of the factors that determine the quality of water in water bodies, as well as the cost of purifying wastewater from various pollutants. The problem was considered for the case of wastewater discharge into a reservoir through a watercourse. This research is a practical scientific basis for further improving the methodology for standardization of the wastewater composition in order to protect water bodies from eutrophication.

14

Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Marine Trophic Status Using the Trophic Index in Bone Bay, Indonesia

Irwan Irwan, Rani Chair, Jompa Jamaluddin, Nurdin Nadiarti

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 10

181--193

EN

Coastal waters are currently receiving anthropogenic impacts from the mainland that caused the natural conditions to change to higher nutrient content. This study was conducted to examine the spatial and temporal dynamics of trophic status and how zone location and rainfall category affect the distribution of trophic status. Water quality data were collected for 6 months with different rainfall intensities at 16 observation stations. Trophic status was determined using the TRIX index which combines biological, physical, and chemical water variables. Rainfall had no significant effect on the TRIX index with a p-value of 0.223 (> 0.05), but the distance from the land had a significant effect with a p-value of (< 2e-16). In coastal waters in the 1st zone, the average TRIX value was 5.93 ± 0.23 (high trophic status/eutrophy that tends to be very high/hypertrophy), in the 2nd zone was 5.49 ± 0.21 (high trophic status/moderate trophy), in the 3rd zone was 5.23 ± 0.25 (high trophic status/eutrophy that is slightly low) and in the 4th zone was 4.47 ± 0.47 (moderate trophic status/mesotrophy). Based on PCA analysis and correlation for water quality data, Index TRIX had a strong positive correlation with phosphate (0.92), TSS (0.91), chlorophyll-a (0.089), temperature (0.88), nitrate (0.83), and moderate positive correlation with turbidity (0.68). In addition, the TRIX index had a strong negative correlation with salinity (-0.85), a moderate negative correlation with TDS (-0.77) and DO (-0.62), and a weak correlation with pH (-0.09). There has been eutrophication in coastal areas, especially in the near shoreline zone and tends to decrease at more distant locations. It is necessary to manage anthropogenic waste based on quality standards to ensure that coastal waters are healthy and support sustainable ecosystems.

15

Badania fizykochemiczne ścieków komunalnych na przykładzie Zakładu Oczyszczania Ścieków Płaszów w kontekście redukcji potencjału eutrofizującego. Cz. 1

Pyssa Justyna, Piech Magdalena

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2023

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T. 102, nr 10

1092--1099

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki analiz wybranych parametrów fizykochemicznych ścieków komunalnych z Zakładu Oczyszczania Ścieków Płaszów. Omówiono zjawisko eutrofizacji oraz pierwiastki biogenne. W części badawczej skupiono się na analizie bioprzyswajalnych form azotu oraz fosforu w ściekach. Ponadto porównano właściwości fizykochemiczne ścieków surowych i oczyszczonych biologicznie oraz oceniono skuteczność systemu oczyszczania ścieków w Płaszowie.

EN

The phys. chem. parameters of municipal sewage from the Płaszów Wastewater Treatment Plant were analyzed, such as the content of bioavailable forms of N and P, total suspended solids, BOD5, COD and pH. The phys. chem. properties of raw and biologically treated sewage were compared and the effectiveness of sewage treatment in Płaszów was assessed. During the analyzed period, the av. efficiency of removing the tested pollutants from sewage was high and, in most cases, exceeded 94%

16

Developing an empirical model for assessment of total nitrogen inflow to rivers and lakes in the Biebrza river watershed, Poland

Canchig Jessica, Kustina Rinda, Grygoruk Mateusz

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2023

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Vol. 32, No. 3

201--220

EN

Nitrogen load is crucial for its application in various fields such as agriculture and improving water quality control for authorities responsible for establishing agricultural policies in the area. The calculation of nitrogen load using existing equations is not applicable for all types of rivers, thus requiring the development of a new equation that can be applied to lakes and rivers in the Biebrza river catchment. To determine the new equation, extensive mapping of the catchment area was conducted, which was adjusted to precipitation and runoff in the area, allowing the observed results to be compared. Based on several analyses, the new equation has better accuracy, RMSE of the new model-based estimation decreased by 65.9% in 2005–2015 and 62.2% in 2016–2021 for river and 92% in 2008–2019 and 95% in 2020–2021 for lakes. Therefore, the application of the new calibrated empirical model provides results close to the real values and it can be used in the Biebrza river basin to simulate the total nitrogen runoff.

17

Nutrient inputs from two major rivers into the cilician basin of the north-eastern Mediterranean Sea

Türkeri Mehmet, Marankoz Suat, Özbay Özgür, Akçay Ismail, Alp Mehmet Tahir

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2023

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Vol. 52, No. 2

240--244

EN

In this study, dissolved nutrients concentrations weremeasured monthly at downstream points of the tworegional rivers (the Berdan and Göksu rivers) flowing into the Cilician Basin of the North-eastern (NE) Mediterranean Sea. The dissolved nutrients data obtained between September2021 and August 2022 were used to determine riverinenutrient fluxes. This study showed that spatial and temporalvariations were recorded in nutrients concentrations of thetwo regional rivers with the maximum values consistentlyrecorded in the Berdan River having lower volume fluxes.The annual nutrient inputs of the two regional riversindicated that higher amounts of dissolved nutrients werecarried by the Göksu River due to its higher volume fluxrate. The calculated molar ratios from total nitrogen (TN)and phosphorus (TP) fluxes ranged from 13 in the GöksuRiver to 22 in the Berdan River. The higher TN/TP molar ratiocompared to the classic Redfield Ratio of N/P in the BerdanRiver is very likely to modify nutrient dynamics leadingto further eutrophication in the shelf waters of the NE Mediterranean Sea.

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Analysis of the impact of nutrients deposited from the land side on the waters of Puck Lagoon (Gdańsk Basin, Southern Baltic) : A model study

Dybowski Dawid, Dzierzbicka-Głowacka Lidia

Oceanologia

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2023

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No. 65 (2)

386--397

EN

The article analyzes the impact of nutrients (nitrates and phosphates) supplied from the land on the waters of the Puck Lagoon (Gdańsk Basin, southern Baltic). The study is based on the numerical modelling. The model data was verified by comparison with the in situ measurement data. The spatial and temporal variability of the concentrations of nitrate, phosphate, and chlorophyll a were analyzed. We came to the conclusion that the load of nutrients deposited from the land side to the waters of the Puck Lagoon is relatively small (but not negligible compared to the Vistula River). However, even when a little runoff enters the reservoir with a very limited water exchange, like the Puck Lagoon, there are periods when riverine nutrients load significantly affects the functioning of the ecosystem.

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Hydrochemical conditions of three lakes located in the West Pomeranian region in the annual cycle

Tórz Agnieszka, Bonisławska Małgorzata, Nędzarek Arkadiusz, Rybczyk Agnieszka, Tański Adam

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 56

262--274

EN

The objective of the study was to trace the variability of the hydrochemical conditions in three lakes of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship (Poland) - Starzyca, Maszewskie and Nowogardzkie in the annual cycle. The research was done in 2018-2019, and samples for analysis were collected 4 times a year. All analyses were performed applying standard methods. Such hydrochemical indices were determined as dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, content of orthophosphates, total phosphorus, nitrite, nitrate, ammonium, chlorophyll a and iron. The study showed that all lakes in the research cycle were characterised by a polymictic type of water mixing, and the trophic level, based on the adopted criteria, indicated advanced eutrophy, which may also be caused by anthropogenic pressure. Oxygen conditions characterised by deoxidation of the waters in the bottom layer in the spring and summer seasons, and clear oxygenation in the surface water layer (in Lake Maszewskie reaching even 188.5% in the spring) confirm the significant advancement of the eutrophication process. The supply of phosphorus and nitrogen in spring from pelagic waters in the waters of the examined lakes influences concentrations of chlorophyll a in the summer. The influence of “internal supply” (bottom waters and bottom sediments) on the amount of nutrients available for autotrophs is clearly visible in the analysed lakes - an increase in nitrogen and mineral phosphorus concentrations in relation to surface waters was observed in the bottom layer.

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Preliminary Investigation of Bioaccumulation of Microcystins in Hypereutrophic Irrigation Ponds Case Study – the Jordan Valley

Al Kuisi Mustafa, Hyarat Tasneem, Al Qaisi Khaled, Alhejoj Ikhlas, Al-Rshaidat Mamoon

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 4

36--53

EN

Microcystis blooms and the related toxin known as microcystin-LR (MC-LR) put the safety of human water consumption and global irrigation practices in jeopardy. MC-LR is widely distributed in various environments, including water, sediments, plants, and other aquatic organisms. The use of water-containing microcystins for agricultural purposes may have to be restricted despite the limited availability of clean water resources. Accordingly, the present work aimed to determine the MC-LR concentrations and recognize the environmental parameters that initiate the growth of toxic cyanobacteria and MC-LR occurrence in 20 irrigation ponds in the Jordan Valley area. The irrigation ponds studied were found in a hypereutrophic condition, with high levels of N:P ratio and low transparency. These cause inseparable effects such as cyanobacterial bloom and MC-LR occurrence. The investigated ponds were classified as hypereutrophic according to General Quality Index (GQI), with two different types of algae covering the surface. The first was the Lemna sp. or duckweeds (Family Araceae) which are free-floating masses, and the second was the cyanobacteria algal bloom. Unpaired t-tests were performed and showed that the concentrations of MC-LR in pond water abundant with cyanobacteria algal bloom in September 2021 were significantly higher (P = 0.7906) than in June for the same year (0.3022 ± 0.0444 and 0.1048 ± 0.0171 ppb, respectively). Two methods for extracting MC-LR were used and showed a significant difference in MC-LR concentration in ponds with an abundance of cyanobacteria algal blooms (0.2273 ± 0.0356 ppb) compared to the ponds with an abundance of Lemna sp. or duckweeds collected in June 2021 (0.1048 ± 0.0171 ppb). Despite all of the efforts made by Jordan Valley farmers to prevent or limit the mass growth of cyanobacteria and its consequences for the eutrophication process in their irrigation ponds through the use of fish breading and chemicals such as copper sulfate, this environmental problem is still harming their crops and irrigation methods and requires immediate government assistance.