Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

The effect of working terms and conditions of airline cabin crew on work-family conflict and life satisfaction

Sürme Metin, Çubuk Burak

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 126

237--253

EN

As in all service-oriented sectors, there is competition in the airline transport sector. During the flight, it is the cabin crew who represent the service quality and company success. Cabin crew members are regarded as the most important customer representatives of the company, as they provide face-to-face service to passengers. This situation means that cabin crew frequently experience stressful situations that require special effort. In addition, they may stay away from social relations both in their business life and in their private and family lives, which may cause them to experience mental and physical fatigue, disconnect from life and experience work-family conflict. Work-family conflict is a situation that has negative effects on the individual. The individual experiencing work-family conflict may be under stress, and this stress may cause emotional symptoms such as dissatisfaction and unhappiness. In this context, in order to determine the effect of working terms and conditions of airline cabin crew on work-family conflict and life satisfaction, a survey was conducted with 484 cabin crew residing in Istanbul. The data obtained were analyzed using Spss Statistics 21 software. In line with the results obtained, it was concluded that the relationship between working terms and conditions, work-family conflict and life satisfaction is positive.

2

Proposal of a methodology of criterial assessment of technical indicators for the purpose of selecting an optimal semi-trailer tractor for the needs of a transport company

Blatnický Miroslav, Dižo Ján, Lovska Alyona

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 127

5--21

EN

The goal of this work is to describe the current state of road freight transport from the point of view of the entrepreneur and the owner of semi-trailer tractors within the Slovak Republic. The article contains a brief description of freight transport works and points out the individual aspects of doing business in this sphere in Slovakia. In the next one, an original criterion evaluation program is created in the MS Excel application for semi-trailer tractors. In this program, an owner, a future owner, or a driver of a tractor can compare any number of tractors. Subsequently, based on the point evaluation, the program determines, which tractor in the comparison has more points and, therefore, it is more suitable for business activity. A sample comparison will be made on two tractors (Swedish and German brands) operated by a commercial transport company. The parameters of the tractors given, checked and calculated by the manufacturer are implemented in the criterion evaluation program. In the criterion evaluation, a tractor of one brand scored more points and therefore won. All knowledge, results, and conclusions found in the work are discussed with the management of a commercial transport company and its drivers. Based on the findings and results achieved, it can be concluded that the criterion evaluation program is extremely suitable for the application of any tractor, any brand, and thus the condition of the repeatability of the experiments is guaranteed. Based on these aspects, all the objectives of the work were fulfilled, and thus the result of the research is suitable as a decision-making aid for the purchase of a tractor for the future owner.

3

Influence of altitude-velocity limitations of physical modelling problems on the main parameters of free flying aircraft models

Betin Denys, Koloskova Hanna, Betin Olexander

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 128

71--81

EN

Reducing the time and cost of aircraft creation can be achieved by improving the accuracy, informativity, and efficiency of flight research results on free flying dynamically similar models (FDSM). In particular, this is ensured by the development, improvement, generalization, and application of theoretical and methodological foundations for the creation of FDSM. This paper is structured from these positions. It does not reveal all the peculiarities of the design, manufacture, and testing of FDSM but shows the influence and dependence of altitude-velocity limitations of physical modelling problems on the main parameters of FDSM. At the same time, a literature review was performed to study and analyze the achievements and problems of physical modeling of aircraft flight on FDSM. The conditions and scales of similarity used in the design, manufacture, ground and flight tests of FDSM, and flight research are considered. The influence on the main parameters of FDSM of modelling problems, together with similarity conditions and the system of relations of parameters of FDSM, of the full-scale aircraft and environment; design conditions; technological limitations; flight-technical requirements; and operational limitations is emphasized. It is established that if mass is taken as the objective function in the design of an FDSM, then in order to achieve its minimum, one should strive to create an FDSM with the minimum possible linear sizes. To take into account the auto-model limitations of modelling problems, a special method for predicting flight characteristics and scientific-research capabilities of an FDSM has been developed and presented.

4

The impact of pro-loyalty activities on customer behavior during the high-inflation period

Sowier-Kasprzyk Izabella

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 217

537--548

EN

Purpose: The aim of this article is to present research on the impact of inflation on customer loyalty. Design/methodology/approach: The objectives were achieved by conducting research and obtaining results in the form of conclusions. The main research method was a survey conducted among customers. The thematic scope of the research was the issue of customer loyalty in the face of increasing inflation. Findings: During the work, it was discovered that despite rising inflation, customers continue to buy products from companies to which they are loyal. Additionally, a number of other interesting findings were discovered. The actions of companies and the behavior of customers are independent of each other. According to the research, companies react to inflation, but their marketing activities are not a sufficient stimulus to stop its effects. Customers at best buy the same amount, and most often less, than before inflation. Research limitations/implications: In the future, research should be carried out in the event of even more increasing inflation and on a larger research sample. Practical implications: Showing the needs of loyal customers shows companies how to communicate with them during rising inflation. In addition, the results of the research would show companies what customers expect from them during this time. Social implications: The research will have an impact on improving the mutual relations between companies and their customers. As a result, customers will be satisfied and companies will gain really loyal customers in the long term. Originality/value: What is new in the article is that the research has been updated in a period of rising inflation. The research is addressed to both the clients of companies themselves.

5

Social responsibility of universities – theoretical and practical approach

Bukowska-Piestrzyńska Agnieszka, Motowidlak Urszula

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 217

15--32

EN

Purpose: The aim of this article is to present the essence of social responsibility of universities and its areas. The problem on which the study was focused comes down to answering the questions: What should be the direction of education at universities in the context of the challenges of the modern world? What actions are taken by the Department of Logistics and Innovation in the context of SRU in cooperation with the environment? Design/methodology/approach: The research methods and techniques used included, among others: content analysis, selected methods of qualitative analysis, case study. Findings: The article reviews selected definitions of social responsibility of universities (SRU), indicating examples of its levels in relation to internal and external stakeholders. Attention is drawn to the need for education for sustainable development (ESD). Examples of socially responsible activities implemented by the Department of Logistics and Innovation in the years 2017-2023 are presented. Research limitations/implications: The study has some limitations. It shows the levels of social responsibility in a theoretical approach, and in a practical approach only on the example of one department. Further research projects in this area should include a larger research group. Practical implications: They mainly concern the comprehensive presentation of the areas of social responsibility of universities and challenges in the context of education for sustainable development. Social implications: Internal and external stakeholders can gain knowledge about the direction of evolution of universities and the nature of responsibility towards them. Originality/value: The presented case study can be an example of good practices in the area of social responsibility of universities in the area of cooperation with business.

6

Proactive personality and entrepreneurial intentions of gen Z individuals

Okręglicka Małgorzata, Lemańska-Majdzik Anna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 217

353--368

EN

Purpose: Generation Z is specific in many areas of life, including entrepreneurship. Since entrepreneurial intentions are indicated as an antecedent of actual entrepreneurship and since it is indicated that Gen Z individuals are characterized by greater entrepreneurial intentions (EI) compared to other generations, it is worth examining the traits that may additionally strengthen the entrepreneurial intentions of young people. One such personality trait is proactivity. Hence, the main goal of the study is to determine how proactive personality (PP) affects the entrepreneurial intentions of Gen Z individuals in Poland. Design/methodology/approach: To address the research goal, a survey using the CAWI method was conducted in 2024 among 370 Gen Z individuals in Poland. The respondents expressed their opinions on a 5-point Likert scale. The participants in the study were selected through purposeful random selection. Following acceptance of the reliability indicator values, a statistical analysis was conducted using a multiple regression model, descriptive statistics, and correlation indicators. Findings: The research confirmed the relatively high level of EI of Gen Z individuals. Regression analysis confirmed the strong dependency between PP, as an independent variable, and EI, as a dependent variable, in the study group. A 76.4% increase in the EI variable level in the Gen Z group follows a 100% increase in the PP predictor. Research limitations: The main limitation of the study was that the research group was not entirely representative, which made it impossible to extrapolate the findings and make specific predictions about the likely use of PP in the workplace. Practical implications: For management practitioners, the development or adjustment of HR management tools is recommended to select candidates for job positions requiring an entrepreneurial orientation who are characterized by proactivity. Originality/value: The paper's contribution is visible by highlighting the significance of enhancing the proactivity of individuals to create entrepreneurial intentions as an antecedent of entrepreneurial actions.

7

Perception of inclusive advertising by representatives of Generation Z

Pabian Barbara, Reformat Beata

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 218

527--535

EN

Purpose: The aim of the article is to find out how inclusive advertising is perceived by representatives of Generation Z, whether it makes them more trusting and whether it influences their purchasing behavior and attitudes. Design/methodology/approach: The basis is focus research using the focused group interview (FGI - Focus Group Interview) method. The method of critical literature analysis and descriptive analysis were also used. Findings: Generation Z is becoming an important consumer group, and its preferences and values will shape the future of marketing. A key trend is inclusivity, and understanding how it is perceived by younger generations can contribute to more effective communication with society. Research limitations/implications: Topics related to diversity and inclusion evoke emotions, which leads to extreme reactions from participants. These types of emotional reactions may have made it difficult for respondents to objectively evaluate inclusive advertising. Another limitation was the group dynamics. Strong personalities dominated the discussion, and some study participants were less willing to express their own opinions. Yet another looming limitation is the evolution of attitudes, which in the case of Generation Z may change in response to social and cultural changes. The research conducted may not reflect long-term trends or future purchasing attitudes, which may change in the long run under the influence of various factors. Practical implications: Understanding the aspects examined in the article can help companies/brands adapt their marketing strategies to the needs and values of the identified age group. Generation Z is becoming an important consumer group, and its preferences and values will shape the future of marketing. Social implications: The research results may inspire and sensitize advertising creators and their recipients to the need to respect everyone, regardless of age, appearance, gender or sexual orientation, as well as to the need to listen empathetically to social needs. Inclusiveness is a key trend and understanding how it is perceived by the young generation can contribute to more effective communication with society. Originality/value: The approach to the meaning and value of inclusive advertising presented in the article organizes this area and identifies opportunities to better use the potential of knowledge in this area in practice.

8

Interpersonal trust in professional and social relationships among generation Z: an international perspective

Tomaszuk Anna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 217

593--608

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this article was to find correlations in the evaluation of factors affecting trust in co-workers and friends and colleagues. The opinions of Generation Z representatives were analyzed (using respondents from Poland, Spain and Turkey as examples). Design/methodology/approach: The analyses presented here are part of a broader study on the trust Generation Z places in entities from different spheres of life. The article focuses on perceptions of trust in co-workers and friends/colleagues. The survey was conducted using CAWI and PAPI methods with a sample of 656 respondents. Findings: Aspects with the greatest and least influence on trust in both co-workers and friends/ colleagues were identified, and statistically significant differences in perceptions of these aspects by nationality were analyzed, as well as the correlation between respondents' ratings of each trust factor. Research limitations/implications: The research sample, lack of representativeness of the sample. Practical implications: The article indicates whether trust-building behavior in the private sphere can be transferred to the professional sphere. Originality/value: The article points out differences in the perception of trust constructs among young Poles, Spaniards and Turks.

9

Impact of work-family conflict on turnover intention of employees through organisational commitment and professional identity

Rehman Hafeez Ur

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 218

575--595

EN

Purpose: This study investigates the impact of work-family conflict (WFC) on turnover intentions (TI) among employees in Pakistan’s high-tech industry, with organisational commitment (OC) and professional identity (PI) as mediators. Design/methodology/approach: Data collected from 301 respondents using validated scales were analysed via Hayes’ PROCESS macro in SPSS. Findings: Results reveal a significant positive relationship between WFC and TI, underscoring the role of resource depletion as per the Conservation of Resources theory. Additionally, OC and PI were found to mediate this relationship, highlighting their critical influence on employee retention. Practical implications: The findings emphasize the need for organizations to implement work- life balance policies, foster commitment, and strengthen professional identity through mentorship and recognition initiatives. By addressing WFC and enhancing workplace support, organizations can reduce turnover intentions, promote employee well-being, and sustain competitiveness in high-demand industries. Originality/value: This study pioneers the exploration of professional identity as a mediator between work-family conflict and turnover intention, particularly within Pakistan's collectivist high-tech sector, an underexamined context.

10

Expectations of generation Z towards charismatic leadership

Wasiluk Anna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 217

609--622

EN

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify differences in the perception of individual traits that make up charismatic leadership, as defined by the subscales of the Conger-Kanungo Charismatic Leadership Scale. The study examines which leadership qualities are most and least valued by Generation Z and explores whether statistically significant differences exist in respondents' evaluations of these traits. Design/methodology/approach: The research utilized the Conger-Kanungo Charismatic Leadership Scale, adapted to measure Generation Z's specific expectations of charismatic leadership. Data were collected through paper (PAPI) and online (CAWI) surveys distributed via social media. The sample included 394 Generation Z respondents with backgrounds in social sciences, who evaluated the traits on a five-point scale. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, median, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis) as well as one-way ANOVA and Scheffé's post-hoc test to assess statistically significant differences across subscales. Findings: The highest ratings were given to "Personal Risk" and "Strategic Vision and Articulation," suggesting that Generation Z values leaders who are willing to take risks and who communicate a clear, inspiring vision. "Sensitivity to Member Needs" also received high ratings, emphasizing the importance of empathy in building trust-based relationships. Lower ratings for "Sensitivity to the Environment" and "Unconventional Behavior" indicate that these qualities are seen as less critical in charismatic leadership by Generation Z. Research limitations/implications: The study's limitations include a lack of sample representtativeness, which restricts the generalizability of the findings. Future research could explore cross-cultural differences in the perception of charismatic leadership, analyze variations in expectations by industry or sector, and investigate how individual personality traits affect leadership expectations. Originality/value: This study contributes to both academic knowledge and practical applications by providing insights into Generation Z's expectations of leadership in the workplace. The findings enrich the field of human resource management literature and offer valuable guidance to organizations seeking to align leadership strategies with the values and preferences of young employees.

11

Economic and market aspects of cooperative model of housing stock management

Palicki Sławomir

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 216

407--421

EN

Purpose: Quite dynamic housing cooperative movement in Poland is a specific phenomenon in the area of housing resources management in Central-Eastern Europe. The main objective of the article is to assess the functioning of Polish housing cooperatives in terms of maintaining the proper condition and market potential of large panel housing estates. Design/methodology/approach: The desk research method, comparative analysis, and own calculations based on statistical data published by the Statistics Poland and the NBP were used. The article presents non-obvious arguments indicating the successes of Polish housing cooperatives. Findings: Polish housing cooperatives, despite significant limitations in their functioning caused by legislative decisions after 1990, have successfully evolved towards effective resource management. The structure of operating costs as a property manager is similar to housing communities, and at the same time clearly more advantageous than in the case of resources managed by the public sector or social housing associations. Research limitations/implications: The commonness of housing cooperatives in Poland makes it difficult to compare it with the rest of Central-Eastern Europe, because this formula for managing housing resources in other countries is generally rarely used. Therefore, there is a lack of non-Polish publications in this area. Practical implications: The management methods in the cooperative model provide similar cost-effectiveness to specialist property managers. Housing cooperatives implement broad repair programs, contributing to maintaining the good condition of large panel housing estates. Social implications: Members of the cooperative co-decide on their activities in a democratic way, which allows for maintaining interpersonal ties and building grassroots civic engagement. The housing cooperative strongly rooted in Poland could play the role of an institutional investor, competitive with developers on the residential real estate market. This might change housing policy, seeking new solutions that are helpful for people economically excluded from the real estate market. Originality/value: The article draws attention to the substantial potential, professionalism and know-how of housing cooperatives in Poland. This is an exceptional situation compared to European solutions. The paper is addressed to scientists and public life entities, authorities, political decision-makers showing the idea of engaging housing cooperatives in the development of affordable housing.

12

Zastosowanie technik chromatograficznych w badaniach metabolitów w schorzeniach związanych z ośrodkowym układem nerwowym

Gątarek Paulina, Kałużna-Czaplińska Joanna

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2025

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[Z] 79, 1-2

3--17

EN

The search for biomarkers which would be helpful in diagnosing or predicting the course of diseases of unknown etiology, such as autism or Parkinson's disease (PD), is challenging due to the complex nature of these conditions and their diverse biochemical backgrounds. With help comes metabolomics. Metabolomics studies allow qualitative and quantitative analysis of metabolites which can act as disease markers. Traditional biochemical methods are not always sensitive enough to detect metabolites present at very low concentrations in body fluids. Therefore, chromatographic techniques, especially gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), along with other detection options, are often used in metabolomic studies. The high sensitivity of both methods allows detection of metabolites even in trace amounts, which is crucial for diagnosing neurological diseases, where biochemical changes can be subtle and difficult to detect. Metabolomics research into autism and PD contributes to a better understanding of mechanisms of their development at cellular and molecular levels. Identifying biomarkers may help uncover metabolic changes affecting central nervous system (CNS) functions, such as neurotransmitters, which may be related to communication and social impairments in autism. Similarly, metabolites linked to dopaminergic neuronal degeneration or oxidative stress are being sought in Parkinson's disease. Examples of potential biomarkers include specific fatty acids, products of lipid peroxidation, or compounds related to energy metabolism, which may be indicative of ongoing neurodegenerative processes in the brain. However, more specific diagnostic indicators are still needed, making metabolomic studies together with bioinformatics analysis a valuable tool for the development of personalized diagnostics, but also for monitoring the course of disease and therapeutic strategies in diseases of the CNS. This article presents metabolites which can be considered potential prognostic and diagnostic markers in autism and Parkinson's disease.

13

Radiochemia na Uniwersytecie Gdańskim

Strumińska-Parulska Dagmara, Olszewski Grzegorz, Szymańska Karolina

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2025

|

[Z] 79, 7-8

457--484

EN

At the beginning, in 1996, the Environmental Radiochemistry Laboratory at the Faculty of Chemistry of the University of Gdańsk was established, and since 2013, the unit has been operating as the Environmental Chemistry and Radiochemistry Department. The research conducted for many years includes the determination of natural and artificial radionuclides in natural samples, radiochemical analysis, understanding the distribution and accumulation of radioactive elements in marine and terrestrial organisms, biogeochemistry of radioactive isotopes in the ecosystem of the southern Baltic Sea, migration of radioactive elements in the environment, application of the occurrence of radioactive disequilibrium between radioisotopes to determine the potential sources of origin of radioactive isotopes in natural ecosystems, determination of natural and artificial radionuclides in food products and radiological effects of their intake with food. The duties of the Department's employees also include academic teaching. Courses at various levels within the first and second cycle studies at the Faculty of Chemistry and at the Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics are conducted in the following fields: Chemistry, Chemical Business, Environmental Protection, Biology, Nuclear Safety and Radiological Protection, both in Polish and in English.

14

Research on Magnetic Fluid Seals Using Fluids Produced by Grinding Micropowder Technology

Szczęch Marcin, Horak Wojciech

Tribologia

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2025

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nr 1

59--66

EN

Magnetic fluid seals work by forming a fluid ring at a given location to ensure tightness. They are used in applications that require high tightness and cleanliness, especially under vacuum conditions. There are two types of magnetic fluids. Ferrofluid is a combination of magnetic nanoparticles with an average diameter of 10 nm suspended in a non-magnetic carrier fluid. It maintains sedimentation stability in both gravitational and magnetic fields. Another type of magnetic fluid is a magnetorheological fluid, which contains particles of larger sizes (between 0.1 and 10 µm). This type of fluid, however, is not commonly used in sealing applications due to its low stability and high friction torque. Nonetheless, due to the high value of magnetization, its application in seals is a promising research direction. This paper presents the results of seal tests in which a new type of magnetic fluids containing particles of intermediate size relative to the aforementioned fluids, i.e. 100–500 nm, were used. The nano-micro fluid was produced by grinding carbonyl iron using a planetary micromill. Allowable seal operating pressure and friction torque were studied. These values were compared for ferrofluid and magnetorheological fluids. Measurable benefits were obtained from using the developed magnetic fluids, both in terms of stability and performance of the tested seals.

PL

Uszczelnienie z cieczą magnetyczną działa na zasadzie tworzenia w danym miejscu płynnego pierścienia zapewniającego szczelność. Stosowane są one w aplikacjach wymagających wysokiej szczelności i czystości, w tym przede wszystkim w warunkach próżni. Wyróżniamy dwa rodzaje cieczy magnetycznych. Ferrociecz to mieszanina magnetycznych nanocząstek o średniej średnicy rzędu 10 nm, zawieszonych w niemagnetycznej cieczy nośnej. Zachowuje stabilność sedymentacyjną zarówno w polu grawitacyjnym, jak i polu magnetycznym. Innym typem cieczy magnetycznych są ciecze magnetoreologiczne, w skład których wchodzą cząstki o większych rozmiarach (rzędu 0,1–10 µm). Tego typu ciecze ze względu na małą stabilność oraz wysokie opory ruchu nie są jednak powszechnie stosowane w uszczelnieniach. Jednak w związku z wysoką wartością magnetyzacji ich aplikacja w uszczelnieniach jest obiecującym kierunkiem badawczym. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań uszczelnień, w których zastosowano nowy typ cieczy magnetycznych zawierających cząstki o pośrednim w odniesieniu do wspomnianych cieczy rozmiarach, tj. 100–500 nm. Nano-mikro ciecz wytworzono w wyniku rozdrabniania żelaza karbonylkowego z wykorzystaniem mikromłynka planetarnego. Przeprowadzono badania dopuszczalnego ciśnienia pracy uszczelnienia oraz momentu tarcia. Wartości te porównano w przypadku ferrocieczy oraz cieczy magnetoreologicznej. Uzyskano wymierne korzyści z zastosowania opracowanych cieczy magnetycznych, zarówno pod kątem stabilności, jak i parametrów użytkowych badanych uszczelnień.

15

Evaluation and improvement of a slow traffic system in a cold regional campus based on travel satisfaction

Zhang Jiaxin, Sun Xiaohui, Liu Jincheng, Guliziba Aimaiti

Transport Problems

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2025

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T. 20, z. 1

99--110

EN

This study establishes a Bayesian-structural equation model based on the travel satisfaction survey at the Boda Campus of Xinjiang University to construct and optimize the slow traffic system of campus in cold regions. Moreover, relevant indicators are selected to construct the evaluation system of the campus’s slow traffic system in cold regions. Then, strategies are proposed to optimize the campus’s slow traffic system according to the key elements highlighted by the evaluation system. The results show that subjective emotion and perceived time have a great influence on travel satisfaction. The connectivity and density of the walking and cycling network, anti-skid performance of the road surface, canopy amount, and parking/pick-up convenience of shared bicycle sites substantially influence the construction of campuses’ slow traffic systems in cold regions. The score of the optimized campus’s slow traffic system increased by 72.10% compared with that of the pre-optimized system.

16

Comparative assessment of carbon dioxide emissions from internal combustion engines vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, battery electric vehicles and fuel cell electric vehicles operated in Poland from 2025–2040 –all types of vehicles M1 category

Golebiewski Wawrzyniec, Galdynski Dominik, Osipowicz Tomasz, Lisowski Maciej

Transport Problems

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2025

|

T. 20, z. 2

45--58

EN

This study presents calculations of relative carbon dioxide emissions for different types of passenger cars (internal combustion engine vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, battery electric vehicles, and fuel cell electric vehicles). Using a model based on the life cycle assessment methodology, carbon dioxide equivalent emissions were determined for these vehicles, taking into account three scenarios of energy diversification for Poland from 2025 to 2040. Based on the research, it was concluded that the most environmentally friendly vehicles (in terms of carbon dioxide emissions) are fuel cell electric vehicles. The least environmentally friendly vehicles during operation are plug-in hybrid electric vehicles.

17

Analysing the safety of the flight operation of a promising nuclear-powered aircraft

Kim Dmitriy, Lutsenko Natalya, Zhandildinova Karlygash, Rysbekova Ainara, Garmash Olga

Transport Problems

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2025

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T. 20, z. 1

125--138

EN

This article analyzes the safety of flight operations for a promising aircraft with a nuclear propulsion system. The initial experimental models of atomic-powered aircraft underwent operational testing during the first half of the twentieth century but were subsequently deemed unsuitable due to the heightened radiation and nuclear risks to humans and the environment. In light of the growing urgency surrounding the use of alternative fuels for engines, including those used in aircraft, it would be prudent to consider the resumption of the project to develop aircraft with a new-generation nuclear propulsion system utilizing low- enriched fuel. The results are characterized by the following features and distinctive features that allow the problem under study to be solved: - The occurrence of the initiating factors of an accident at a 6 MW nuclear power reactor with low-enriched nuclear fuel will not entail an aviation accident or incident involving increased human exposure and environmental radiation contamination. - An aviation accident accompanied by a nuclear and radiation accident with destruction of the reactor core is possible only if an aircraft crashes into a nuclear propulsion system, the probability of which does not exceed the risk of a similar event involving aircraft using conventional aviation fuel. The results of nuclear propulsion system safety analyses would also be in demand in energy, research and development, and other areas where nuclear reactors are used.

18

Investigating effectiveness of tuned mass damper (TMD) on control vibration of wind turbine-soil interaction

Vatanshenas Ali

Structure and Environment

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2025

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Vol. 17, no. 1

18--27

EN

Soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects were investigated on structural responses of wind turbine. Force versus deformation (i.e., p-y curves) was simulated by multilinear elastic springs. The whole system, including the structure, control vibration system and soil nonlinear effects are simulated within a single three-dimensional finite element model. Modeling accuracy was verified using available results related to a 65 kW wind turbine discussed in the literature. Pushover analysis results indicated a fixed-base assumption ends up with overestimation of stiffness compared to the case where SSI effects are considered. Moreover, it is observed that the performance of tuned mass damper (TMD) is highly dependent on its tuned frequency domain, and its efficiency decreases significantly after SSI effects are considered. Lateral deformations of a wind turbine are much higher compared to the fixed-base condition. Therefore, SSI effects play a crucial part in designing wind turbines and should not be neglected in practice.

PL

Zbadano wpływ interakcji konstrukcji z podłożem gruntowym (SSI) na zachowanie konstrukcji turbiny wiatrowej. Zależność siły od odkształcenia (tj. krzywe p-y) zasymulowano za pomocą wieloliniowych sprężyn elastycznych. Cały system, w tym konstrukcja, system kontroli wibracji i nieliniowe efekty podłoża, jest symulowany w ramach jednego trójwymiarowego modelu elementów skończonych. Dokładność modelowania została zweryfikowana przy użyciu dostępnych wyników dla turbiny wiatrowej o mocy 65 kW, omówionych w literaturze. Wyniki analizy statycznej (pushover) wykazały, że przy założeniu o nieruchomej podstawie dochodzi do przeszacowania sztywności w porównaniu z przypadkiem, w którym uwzględniono efekty SSI. Ponadto zaobserwowano, że wydajność tłumika TMD jest silnie zależna od jego dostrojonej domeny częstotliwości, a jego efektywność znacznie spada po uwzględnieniu efektów SSI. Odkształcenia poziome turbiny wiatrowej są znacznie większe w porównaniu z warunkami nieruchomej podstawy. Dlatego efekty SSI odgrywają kluczową rolę w projektowaniu turbin wiatrowych i nie powinny być pomijane w praktyce.

19

Evolution of military obstacle courses and obstacle running in enhancing resilience

Szabó Zoltán, Ujházy László

Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces

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2025

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Vol. 57, No.1(215)

103--115

EN

In the article, the authors present research, using historical research, relating to the genesis and common roots between obstacle courses and military training. The article analyses the role that the changing nature of military forces and warfare play in this increasingly popular sport, and what it can potentially offer regarding defence education and military training. The authors have researched and thoroughly analysed information from a large historical period of time and interpreted the gathered evidence through systematic methods, appraising all the available studies to synthesise the findings and formulate research conclusions. The use of obstacle courses in military training spread throughout the world during the great wars. Today, in the age of self-controlled devices and cyber warfare, it has retained its military importance, because in addition to the physical, it also has serious character-building effects. Thanks to this, in the last hundred years, it has been used as an integral part of military training in all armed forces, but at the same time, building on some of its elements, it has developed into a new sport on the civilian side. Nowadays, it has been noticed that, reaching back to its roots, the civilian competition has been taken up a notch with obstacles borrowed from the military side. This is more proof of how much universal sports can draw from military sports. It can be also stated that the use of obstacle courses outside the armed forces contributes to the physical and character development of members of society, and thereby to building a more resilient society.

PL

W artykule autorzy prezentują badania, z zastosowaniem badań historycznych, dotyczące zarówno genezy, jak i wspólnych korzeni torów przeszkód jako dyscypliny sportu i rekreacji oraz szkoleń wojskowych. Artykuł zawiera analizę roli, jaką odgrywa zmieniająca się natura sił zbrojnych i wojny w rozwoju tego coraz popularniejszego sportu, a także możliwości, jakie oferowane są przez ten nowy sport w zakresie edukacji obronnej i szkolenia wojskowego. Autorzy posłużyli się dokładną analizą informacji ze stosunkowo długiego okresu historycznego, która za pomocą systematycznych metod badawczych i merytorycznej oceny pozwoliła na dokonanie syntezy ustaleń i sformułowanie wniosków badawczych. Wykorzystanie torów przeszkód w szkoleniu wojskowym rozprzestrzeniło się na cały świat podczas wielkich wojen. Współcześnie, w epoce samokontrolujących się urządzeń i cyberwojny, zachowało jednak ono swoje znaczenie wojskowe, ponieważ oprócz efektu fizycznego przynosi również poważne efekty psychologiczne, choćby w zakresie kształtowania charakterów. Dzięki temu w ciągu ostatnich stu lat było wykorzystywane jako integralna część szkolenia wojskowego we wszystkich siłach zbrojnych, ale jednocześnie, opierając się na niektórych elementach, rozwinęło się w życiu cywilnym jako nowa dyscyplina sportu. Można również zauważyć, że cywilna rywalizacja sportowa, sięgając do swoich korzeni, uzyskała wyższy poziom dzięki przeszkodom zapożyczonym od strony wojskowej. Stanowi to kolejny dowód, jak wiele uniwersalne sporty czerpią ze sportów wojskowych. Można również stwierdzić, że uprawianie sportu i rekreacji związanej z torami przeszkód przyczynia się do rozwoju fizycznego i psychicznego społeczeństwa, a tym samym do budowania bardziej odpornego społeczeństwa.

20

Analiza efektu Joule'a-Thomsona dla gazu ziemnego z dodatkiem wodoru

Gburzyńska Marta, Kwaśniewski Michał

Rynek Energii

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2025

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Nr 4

65--70

PL

Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest analizie współczynnika Joule'a-Thomsona dla gazu ziemnego oraz mieszaniny wodoru z gazem ziemnym. Współczynnik Joule'a-Thomsona, będący wskaźnikiem zmiany temperatury gazów podczas rozprężania przy stałej entalpii, odgrywa kluczową rolę w różnych procesach przemysłowych, zwłaszcza w kontekście właściwej eksploatacji urządzeń. Pierwsza część artykułu poświęcona jest analizie właściwości termodynamicznych gazu ziemnego oraz wpływu różnych czynników, takich jak ciśnienie i temperatura, na współczynnik Joule'a-Thomsona. Następnie skupimy się na mieszaninie wodoru z gazem ziemnym i zbadamy, jak obecność wodoru wpływa na współczynnik Joule'a-Thomsona tej mieszaniny. Analiza ta pozwoli lepiej zrozumieć zależność między składem chemicznym substancji, jej właściwościami termodynamicznymi oraz przedstawi zastosowania praktyczne związane z regulacją temperatury w procesach przemysłowych.

EN

This article is dedicated to the analysis of the Joule—Thomson coefficient for natural gas and the mixture of hydrogen with natural gas. The Joule—Thomson coefficient, an indicator of the temperature change of gases during expansion at constant enthalpy, plays a key role in various industrial processes, especially in the context of gas cooling. The first part of the article is devoted to analyzing the thermodynamic properties of natural gas and the influence of various factors, such as pressure and temperature, on the Joule-Thomson coefficient. Next, we will focus on the mixture of hydrogen with natural gas and investigate how the presence of hydrogen affects the Joule-Thomson coefficient of this mixture. This analysis will enable a better understanding of the relationship between the chemical composition of substances, their thermodynamic properties, and Will present practical applications related to temperature regulation 1n industrial processes.