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suplementy diety o działaniu profilaktycznym i wspomagającym terapię w chorobach układu krążenia, zawierające głóg oraz kasztanowiec zwyczajny. Wiele z dostępnych suplementów diety zawierało dawki substancji aktywnych w stężeniach niższych niż udowodnione naukowo profilaktycznie i/lub terapeutycznie skuteczne, co spełnia kryteria prawne dla tego typu środków spożywczych, które nie mogą wykazywać właściwości leczniczych. Jednocześnie konsumenci z chorobami układu krążenia stosujący suplementację mogą nie uzyskać oczekiwanych, korzystnych skutków zdrowotnych.
supplements with prophylactic properties and supporting therapy in cardiovascular diseases, containing hawthorn and horse chestnut. Many of the available dietary supplements contained doses of active substances in concentrations lower than scientifically proven prophylactically and/or therapeutically effective, which meet the legal criteria for this type of food that cannot have therapeutic properties. At the same time, consumers with cardiovascular diseases using supplementation may not obtain the expected, beneficial, health effects from its use.
parameters affecting the DLLME efficiency, such as the type and volume of extraction and dispersive solvents, extraction time, and salt concentration, were studied and optimized. The optimized extraction and dispersive solvents are trichloroethane and acetonitrile, respectively. Good linearity was ranged from 0.5 to 100 ng mL−1 with correlation coefficients from 0.9991 to 0.9999. The limits of quantification (LOQs) varied from 0.15 to 0.3 ng mL−1, and the limits of detections (LODs) ranged from 0.05 to 0.1 ng mL−1. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) varied from 1.0% to 2.8% (n = 6) with the relative recoveries in the range of 85.6–119.1%. The method was successfully applied in the determination of OPPs in ten commercial hawthorn juice samples. The chlorpyrifos was detected in one sample.
arable land. Numerical analysis and Monte Carlo permutation tests showed that the purely geographical component of the species distribution, linked with the land use intensity, was statistically significant (1.97%, P = 0.002), as well the pure site component (1.17%, P = 0.010). The human-induced opening of the landscape promotes Crataegus monogyna. Forests are occupied by C. laevigata, C. rhipidiphylla, C. rhipidophylla Gand. var. lindmanii and the hybrid C. × macrocarpa (C. rhipidophylla × C. laevigata); on forest edges the hybrid C. × media (C. monogyna × C. laevigata) tends to occur. Crataegus × subsphaericea (C. monogyna × C. rhipidophylla) is rare and tends to occur in thickets, and a triple hybrid C. monogyna × C. rhipidophylla × C. laevigata colonizes recently abandoned fields. Hybridization seems to be an efficient evolutionary strategy of hawthorns in the face of human-induced transformations of the landscape.
końcowego skurczu suszarniczego Kinetykę suszenia dla poszczególnych zakresów ciśnień opisano równaniami empirycznymi wykorzystując program TC 3D oraz określono końcowy skurczu suszarniczy kształtujący się na poziomie 48%.
the microwave-vacuum method as well as to determine the level of the final drying shrinkage. The drying kinetics for particular pressure scopes was described by means of empirical equations with the use of TC 3D application, and the final drying shrinkage was determined at the level of 48%.
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