Ograniczanie wyników
Czasopisma help
Autorzy help
Lata help
Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 1241

Liczba wyników na stronie
first rewind previous Strona / 63 next fast forward last
Wyniki wyszukiwania
Wyszukiwano:
w słowach kluczowych:  .co
help Sortuj według:

help Ogranicz wyniki do:
first rewind previous Strona / 63 next fast forward last
EN
Purpose: This narrative review shows the scope of the application of design thinking in planning social innovations based on the goals of implementing design thinking identified in the literature. Design/methodology/approach: This paper is a classic literature review, with particular emphasis on articles from recent years presenting specific practices in the application of design thinking. Research limitations/implications: This study is a qualitative review and cannot constitute the basis for a quantitative assessment of the effectiveness or convenience of using the discussed approach in social innovation. Moreover, this is not a systematic review. Therefore, it is not free from possible areas that have not been fully exposed. Practical implications: This study can help build a strategy for using design thinking to plan social innovations by entities that are interested in them. In particular, it allows you to identify the goals of using design thinking that are consistent with the goals of a given organization. However, this approach has not yet been used. Social implications: This paper identifies the goals of using design thinking based on the analysis of current practices; therefore, it contributes to a better understanding of the organization’s operating strategy, which is particularly useful in promoting and planning social innovations. It can accelerate social innovation where it can be the subject of this approach. Originality/value: The presented paper is an original review of scientific work. It is particularly addressed to management theorists and practitioners, who may find it helpful in identifying new areas in which they can apply the design thinking approach. The term ‘desing thinking’ is generally understood as an approach to problem-solving or a specific problem-solving process based on this approach.
EN
This paper presents a comprehensive review of hydrogen internal combustion engines (H2ICEs) in the context of heavy transport vehicles, highlighting their potential as a sustainable alternative to traditional diesel engines. The study synthesizes current research, evaluating the environmental impact, technological developments, challenges, and economic viability of H2ICEs. Key findings demonstrate that hydrogen, as a clean energy carrier, significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants. The adaptability of H2ICEs to existing diesel engine infrastructure offers a practical pathway for rapid implementation. However, challenges such as efficient hydrogen storage, distribution logistics, and infrastructure development remain substantial barriers. The paper also discusses the compliance of H2ICEs with emission regulations, emphasizing the reduction in nitrogen oxide emissions. The economic assessment underscores the need for cost-effective hydrogen production methods, particularly focusing on steam reforming for large-scale applications. The study concludes with recommendations for future research directions and policy implications, advocating for a balanced approach that combines technological innovation with environmental and economic considerations to facilitate the transition to a more sustainable heavy transport sector.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono obszerny przegląd rozwiązań zasilania silników spalinowych wodorem (HZICES), W szczególności W kontekście pojazdów ciężarowych, podkreślając ich potencjał jako zrównoważonej alternatywy dla tradycyjnych silników Diesla. W pracy skupiono się na ocenie wpływu na środowisko, rozwoju technologicznym i związanym z tym wyzwaniom oraz opłacalności ekonomicznej HZICEs. Wodór wykorzystywany jako paliwo silnikowe znacznie zredukuje emisję gazów cieplarnianych i zanieczyszczeń powietrza towarzyszących spalaniu oleju napędowego. Możliwość dostosowania istniejących silników Diesla do współspalania wodoru oferuje praktyczną ścieżkę do szybkiego i taniego wdrożenia, niemniej wyzwania takie jak efektywne przechowywanie wodoru, logistyka dystrybucji i rozwój infrastruktury nadal pozostają znaczącymi barierami w rozwoju. Zwrócono uwagę na potrzebę rozwoju nisko kosztowych metod wytwarzania wodoru i kierunki dalszych badań, łącząc innowacje technologiczne z aspektami środowiskowymi i ekonomicznymi w celu ułatwienia przejścia do bardziej zrównoważonego sektora transportu ciężkiego
EN
The NdFeB sludge is a secondary rare earth resource abundant in both REEs and Fe elements. However, there tends to be a focus on recovering only high-value rare earths while neglecting the recycling of high-content iron, leading to a low comprehensive utilization of this secondary rare earth resource. The present study builds upon previous research on the separation and coextraction of REEs and Fe from NdFeB sludge, further investigating the phase transformation behavior during oxidation roasting and elucidating the kinetics of simultaneous leaching of REEs and Fe. The results suggest that NdFeB waste exhibited a loose morphology and demonstrated high susceptibility to dissolution in hydrochloric acid when subjected to roasting temperatures below 500℃. The morphology of NdFeB waste becomes denser and more spherical, hindering its dissolution in hydrochloric acid when the roasting temperature exceeded 500C, resulting in a reduction in the leaching efficiencies of both roasting. The co-leaching of REEs and Fe in NdFeB sludge is governed by internal diffusion for REEs and chemical reaction for Fe, as evidenced by the kinetic results. Furthermore, it is observed that the apparent activation energy of rare earth surpasses that of iron, leading to the attainment of equilibrium for rare earth prior to that of iron during the synchronous leaching process. The findings of this study hold theoretical significance in enhancing the overall efficiency of secondary rare earth resource utilization.
EN
The goals of this work are to design and develop a technology for fabrication and study of multifunctional properties of core/shell nanoparticles (NPs) as magnetic/luminescent markers. The new hybrid core/shell Fe₃O₄/Gd₂O₃:1% Er³+, 18% Yb³+, 2.5% Mg²+, x% Nd³+ NPs doped with different concentrations of neodymium ions, where x = 0%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, 2%, 4%, were synthesized by the co-precipitation method. The NPs were characterised using XRD, TEM, SEM, EDX, confocal microscopy and photoluminescence. Fe₃O₄ (core) consists of several 13 nm NPs. The core/shell NPs have sizes from 220 nm to 641 nm. In this latter case, the shell thicknesses were 72, 80, and 121 nm. The upconversion efficiency properties and magnetic properties of the hybrid NPs were investigated. In the core/shell NPs, the addition of Nd³+ quenches the luminescence. The magnetic response of core/shell samples is rather paramagnetic and does not differ significantly from that registered for the shell material alone. For Gd₂O₃:1% Er³+, 18% Yb³+ and Fe₃O₄/Gd₂O₃:1% Er³+, 18% Yb³+, 2.5% Mg²+, 0.5% Nd³+, at 300 K, the values of the magnetization registered at ~ 40 kOe are similar and equal to ~ 5.3 emu·g⁻¹. The survivability of the HeLa tumor cells with the presence of the core/shell NPs was investigated for 24 h. The NPs are non-toxic up to a concentration of 1000 μg·ml⁻¹ and penetrate cells in the process of endocytosis which has been confirmed by confocal microscope studies.
PL
Producenci decydują się zlecić co-packing operatorowi logistycznemu z różnych powodów. Ci mniejsi często nie mają wystarczających zasobów i przestrzeni by zbudować lub rozbudować linię do pakowania. Duże przedsiębiorstwa, które rozwijają swoją produkcję, mogą natychmiast potrzebować partnera, który częściowo odciąży je na ostatnim etapie przygotowania produktów do sprzedaży.
EN
The aim of the research was to develop mathematical models describing the emission of selected pollutants correlated with the residual oxygen content in the flue gas. The correlation was made for low-temperature combustion of wood pellets in biomass boilers and furnaces. The developed models can be used in modern control systems of boilers, furnaces or for precise calculation of emission factors for the discussed group of heating devices. The description was made for devices with a stationary wood pellet combustion process with a heat output range from 12 kW to 30 kW. The obtained models, not currently used in this group of devices, will allow controlling the operation of heating boilers in a sustainable and ecological way, taking into account the environmental burden.
PL
Rozwój sektora magazynów energii jest konieczny, aby mogła się dokonać zielona transformacja. Dzięki magazynowaniu energii możliwe jest bilansowanie systemu energetycznego i zapewnienie stabilności sieci, w której coraz więcej jest energii z odnawialnych źródeł, a także zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa dostaw energii i uniezależnienia się odbiorców od czynników zewnętrznych.
EN
The paper presents the results of tests of tribological wear of two Co-Cr-Mo alloys (Wironit LA) and Co-Cr-Mo-W (Colado CC) used to make skeletal prostheses, combined works, implants and metal frameworks for ceramics. The test samples were centrifugally cast using the lost wax method and subjected to hardness measurements, microscopic observations, and a quantitative description of the microstructure. SEM examinations and EDS analysis of micro-areas on dendritic arms and interdendritic areas were performed together. The abrasive wear resistance tests with the use of a T-05 tester in the friction system roller-block were conducted in a dry sliding contact under the conditions of a metal-metal contact with the load of 100 N and for two friction paths, 500 and 1000 m.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań zużycia tribologicznego dwóch stopów Co-Cr-Mo (Wironit LA) i Co-Cr-Mo-W (Colado CC) stosowanych do wykonywania protez szkieletowych, prac kombinowanych, implantów i szkieletów metalowych pod ceramikę. Badane próbki odlewano odśrodkowo metodą wosku traconego i poddawano pomiarom twardości, obserwacjom mikroskopowym wraz z ilościowym opisem mikrostruktury. Wykonano badania SEM wraz z analizą EDS mikroobszarów na ramionach dendrytycznych oraz obszarów interdendrytycznych. Badania odporności na zużycie ścierne z wykorzystaniem testera T-05 w układzie ciernym wałek–blok przeprowadzono w suchym styku ślizgowym w warunkach kontaktu metal–metal z obciążeniem 100 N i dla dwóch dróg tarcia, 500 i 1000 m.
EN
Nowadays, modern production processes are undergoing intensive technological development, according to Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 assumptions. Despite the separate differentiation and numbering of these terms, the assumptions of the two approaches do not contradict each other. Industry 5.0 is a type of an extension of the drive for the highest possible degree of integration of automated systems (along with the pillars assumed in Industry 4.0) by finding a place where humans prove to be irreplaceable and their needs are identified as the most essential, central aspect. This leads to the implementation of semi-automated processes in which the cooperation between human and machine is the key. The paper presents an analysis and the results of the studies performed in company that produces vehicle control systems in automotive. The research includes quarter-a-year of studies and observation of production process. The studies aimed identifying waste in production process and proposing improvement methods, with particular reference to automated operations. Implementation of proposed improvements was mainly based on re-programming automated systems, but also on adding new process of cleaning brakes, that allowed to reduce the number of scrapped parts. Moreover, the implicated solutions allowed to achieve reduction of production process cycle time, financial savings and risk of the defects.
PL
W dzisiejszych czasach nowoczesne procesy produkcji przechodzą intensywny rozwój technologiczny, powiązany z wdrażaniem założeń Industry 4.0 i Industry 5.0. Pomimo odrębnego rozróżniania i numerowania tych terminów, założenia obu tych podejść nie są ze sobą sprzeczne. Industry 5.0 jest niejako poszerzeniem dążenia do możliwie wysokiego stopnia zintegrowania zautomatyzowanych systemów (wraz z filarami zakładanymi w Industry 4.0) o odnalezienie miejsca, w którym człowiek okazuje się być niezastąpiony, a jego potrzeby identyfikowane są jako najistotniejszy, centralny aspekt. Prowadzi to do powstawania procesów pół-automatycznych, w których znaleźć można miejsce na współpracę pomiędzy człowiekiem i maszyną. W artykule przedstawiono analizę i wyniki badań przeprowadzonych w firmie produkującej systemy sterowania pojazdami w branży motoryzacyjnej. Badania obejmują kwartał-rok badań i obserwacji procesu produkcyjnego. Badania miały na celu identyfikację marnotrawstwa w procesie produkcyjnym oraz zaproponowanie metod usprawnień, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem operacji zautomatyzowanych. Wdrożenie zaproponowanych usprawnień polegało głównie na przeprogramowaniu systemów automatycznych, ale także na dodaniu nowego procesu czyszczenia hamulców, który pozwolił na zmniejszenie liczby złomowanych części.
10
Content available Properties of WC-Co coatings with Al2O3 addition
EN
Properties of WC-Co coatings with Al2O3 addition on the C45 mild steel surface in acidic chloride solution were examined. The WC-Co-Al2O3 coatings on steel surfaces were deposited by an electro-spark (ESD) technique. The anti-corrosion properties of the coatings were mainly investigated by electrochemical methods. Moreover, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) was employed for the observation of the surface of materials. The structure of coatings depended on the composition of electrospark electrodes. In the WC80-Co5-Al2O315 coating, the largest corrosion resistance was shown. The corrosion rate of the specimen was approximately eight times smaller than the coating with out of Al2O3 addition. The aim of the research was to obtain, by adding alumina, an improvement in the functional properties of WC-Co coatings produced by the ESD method. Due to the original features of ESD coatings, they can be used in sliding friction pairs and as anti-wear coatings on cutting tools. C-Co coatings with AlO3 addition.
EN
This article presents the topic of atmospheric pollution. The authors have presented the most important national air-quality regulations. They have identified measurement stations in Kraków (Poland), collected data from them and conducted their analysis. The aim of the article is to present the research results on developing a statistical model for estimating air pollution in Kraków depending on the changing weather conditions during the year. The authors used the mathematical modelling method to prepare the air-pollution model. The article presents collected data showing the situation prior to the introduction of a number of environmental regulations in the city of Kraków. The paper is based on meteorological data in the form of daily average values of air temperature, wind speed, air humidity, pressure and precipitation. Emission data included the average daily concentrations of the selected air pollutants, including sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), nitrogen oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3) and particulate matter PM10 and PM2.5. The results of the study indicate that the three most significant factors influencing the level of air pollution (appearing as explanatory changes in the models for each of the pollutants listed) are the value of ambient air temperature (a destimulant, except for ozone), wind speed (a destimulant) and the concentration of each pollutant on the previous day (a stimulant). The article concludes with a summary and conclusions.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono tematykę zanieczyszczenia powietrza atmosferycznego. Autorzy przedstawili najważniejsze krajowe przepisy dotyczące jakości powietrza. Zidentyfikowali stacje pomiarowe w mieście Kraków (Polska), zebrali z nich dane i przeprowadzili ich analizę. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wyników badań nad opracowaniem statystycznego modelu szacowania zanieczyszczenia powietrza w Krakowie w zależności od zmieniających się warunków pogodowych w ciągu roku. Do opracowania modelu zanieczyszczenia powietrza autorzy wykorzystali metodę modelowania matematycznego. W artykule zebrano dane obrazujące sytuację przed wprowadzeniem szeregu regulacji środowiskowych na terenie miasta Kraków. Artykuł bazuje na danych meteorologicznych w postaci średnich dobowych wartości temperatury powietrza, prędkości wiatru, wilgotności powietrza, ciśnienia i opadów atmosferycznych. Dane emisyjne stanowiły średnie dobowe stężenia wybranych zanieczyszczeń powietrza, w tym: dwutlenku siarki (SO2), ditlenku azotu (NO2), tlenków azotu (NOx), tlenku azotu (NO), tlenku węgla (CO), ozonu (O3) oraz pyłu zawieszonego PM10 i PM2,5. Wyniki badania wskazują, że trzema najistotniejszymi czynnikami wpływającymi na poziom zanieczyszczenia powietrza (pojawiającymi się jako zmiany objaśniające w modelach dla każdego z wymienionych zanieczyszczeń) są: wartość temperatury otoczenia (czynnik destymulujący, z wyjątkiem ozonu), prędkość wiatru (czynnik destymulujący) oraz stężenie każdego z zanieczyszczeń w dniu poprzednim (czynnik stymulujący).
EN
Most allelopathic studies have focused only on the allelopathy of invasive plants on the growth performance of native plants, while neglecting the allelopathy of native plants on the growth performance of invasive plants, especially species that can co-invade the same ecosystem. This study aimed to evaluate the allelopathy of the native plant Pinus massoniana Lamb. on the seed germination and seedling growth of two invasive Amaranthaceae species, Celosia argentea L. and Amaranthus retroflexus L. using a germination bioassay. Pinus massoniana showed significant allelopathy on the seed germination and seedling growth of the two invasive Amaranthaceae species. The allelopathy of P. massoniana on the seed germination and seedling growth of the two invasive Amaranthaceae species may be attributed to the effects of the generated stress on their germination activity. Pinus massoniana exhibited stronger allelopathy on the seed germination and seedling growth of A. retroflexus than on that of C. argentea. Thus, the invasiveness of A. retroflexus is expected to be lower than that of C. argentea in contact with P. massoniana. The allelopathy of P. massoniana on the seed germination and seedling growth of the two invasive Amaranthaceae species under the co-cultivated conditions was stronger than that under the monocultural conditions. Accordingly, the aqueous extract of P. massoniana can be considered a potential bioherbicide for the control of the two invasive Amaranthaceae species, particularly when both species co-occuring.
EN
Coal liquefaction and heavy oil processing have become the urgent need for national energy strategic technology reserves in China. However, the inactivation of solid catalysts in these processes is an inevitable problem. Therefore,a self-catalysed method was proposed. The properties of raw oil could be changed by adding a modifier, as it has the function of self-catalysis, and the additional catalyst is no longer needed. The effect of 200 ppm modifier onthe hydrogenation of heavy oil and 500 ppm on the hydrogenation of coal and oil were investigated. The results showed that modifiers could be miscible with heavy oil at 50~100 °C and could change the properties of oil. When the temperature exceeded 250 °C, the sulfur element in the heavy oil combined with the metal element broughtin by the modifier to form a particle with the size of 2–8 nm, which could interact with the hydrogen molecule toactivate the hydrogen molecule. Activated hydrogen atoms further formed the complexes with nickel, vanadium,calcium, iron, and other elements in heavy oil to achieve the purpose of purifying and lightening the oil phase.Therefore, the self-catalysed method could be widely used in oil re fining and would greatly promote the development of the oil refining and catalysis industry.
EN
Although the flotation behaviors of iron concentrate and quartz are significantly different, quartz is the primary factor that affects the quality of iron concentrate. The flotation mechanism of quartz in the presence of mixed cationic Ca2+/Fe3+-co-activated SDS catcher was studied by conducting flotation tests with pure quartz mineral. The solution chemical calculation method, zeta potential calculation method, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy technique, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique, and other techniques were used to conduct the studies. The results showed that the maximum Ca2+/Fe3+-based synergistic activation of the flotation recovery process could be achieved in a certain range of pH values when three different activators were added sequentially. Analysis of the zeta potential values revealed that the Ca2+/Fe3+-activated quartz surface improved the extent of positive electricity generated and enhanced the SDS adsorption ability of the quartz surface. Results obtained using the FT-IR technique revealed that Ca2+/Fe3+ exerted a synergistic effect, and the adsorption process exploited the single oxygen bond interactions in the monovalent hydroxyl complex Ca(OH)+ and the double oxygen bond interactions in the Fe(OH)3 precipitates. Results obtained using the XPS technique revealed that the synergistic effect exerted by Ca2+/Fe3+ was significantly stronger than that exerted by Ca2+ or Fe3+ alone. The stable Fe-based six-membered chelate ring was formed on the surface of quartz when Fe3+ was the activator, and the chain-like Ca-based complex was formed when Ca2+ was the activator. The adsorption process on the surface of quartz proceeded following chemical as well as physical adsorption pathways. The results revealed that Ca(OH)+ and Fe(OH)3 played prominent roles during the activation of quartz surfaces in the presence of Ca2+/Fe3+.
EN
To improve the surface properties of Ti alloy, (Co34Fe8Cr29Ni8Si7)100–x Bx alloy, coatings were prepared by laser cladding. The coatings—mainly composed of TiCr, Fe0.1Ti0.18V0.72, CoTi, Ti2Ni, and TiB—and amorphous phases were investigated in terms of microstructure, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. The results showed that the microhardness of the Co-based coatings first increased and then decreased with the increase of B content. When the B content was 6%, the microhardness of the coating increased up to 1210 HV0.2 which was 3.4 times that of TC4 alloy substrate. The coatings exhibited diverse wear mechanisms that gradually transitioned from severe fatigue spalling and oxidative wear to slightly abrasive wear. The corrosion current density of Co-based coatings in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution first increased and then decreased as B contents increased. Coatings with 4% B content, however, exhibited the best corrosion resistance, which was most suitable for improving the corrosion resistance of Ti alloy.
16
Content available The human element in the context of smart cities
EN
The smart city concept, influenced by societal changes, technology, and geopolitics, is transitioning towards a human-centered model—Smart City 3.0. Emphasizing community engagement, this model ensures that new technologies are tailored to each city's unique needs. The creation of a participatory society is essential for this approach, fostering public involvement in decision-making. Core mechanisms include public consultations and participatory budgeting, as legislated, enhancing co-management between authorities and residents. To successfully implement Smart City 3.0, it is vital to build a partnership based on mutual trust between local authorities and communities. Opinions must not only be expressed, but factored into city planning and development. Advisory bodies like city youth councils illustrate this approach, engaging youth in meaningful roles and ensuring their interests are represented. This paper investigates the vital role of community members in the creating of smart city. Additionally, the paper conducts a comprehensive review of various models of participation, evaluating their respective strengths and weaknesses within the context of smart city development.
EN
Rumen accumulation in slaughterhouses produced by sheep is a significant issue that endangers human life and the ecosystem. Use of rumen appears to improve biogas production due to a high rate of hydrolytic bacteria. Hydrolytic bacteria are required for the breakdown of organic matter and biogas. This study proposes that combined camel and sheep manure with tomatoes and Rumen be co-digested under mesophilic conditions by anaerobically fermenting in a batch system to produce biogas. In the cross-sectional area of the study at the same operating conditions, biogas volume was measured for a period of 14 days, and on the last day, methane concentrations were measured. The study found that the rumen sample had the highest methane concentration, measuring 69.30%. Conversely, the control mixture without any additional co-substance had the lowest percentage of methane. Additionally, the tomato sample showed a slightly higher methane concentration of 0.1% compared to the control mixture. The study results show that efficient biogas production increased with rumen and tomatoes addition to manure compared to the control bio-digester sample. This demonstrates how waste can be transformed into wealth, which can be used to reduce costs for the community.
EN
Purpose: Silica/silicate scale is a significant problem, especially in oilfield production during Alkaline Surfactant Polymer (ASP) flooding, where chemical inhibitors are the preferred method to prevent them. In this study, the effect of inhibitor vinyl sulfonated copolymer (VS-Co) on silica/silicate scale formation was analysed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Design/methodology/approach: The functional group type of VS-Co are sulfonate ions, SO3-, and these interact in the scaling process. Bulk-inhibited scaling brine tests were conducted at 60°C and pH 8.5. During these tests, the silicon brine (with VS-Co) representing the inhibited ASP leachate was mixed with a magnesium brine representing the connate water to replicate reservoir conditions during ASP flooding. The samples tested in this study were non-inhibited Si/Mg mixed brine of 60 ppm Mg2+ and 940 ppm Si4+ (60Mg:940Si) as a blank, and inhibited 60Mg:940Si mixture with various VS-Co concentrations of 20 ppm, 50 ppm, and 100 ppm. The inhibition efficiency of the VS-Co was determined, followed by the characterisation study of the silica/silicate scale deposited from both test conditions. Findings: The IR spectra of all 60Mg:940Si samples show a similar peak at 1050 cm-1 to 1080 cm-1, attributed to a Si-O covalent bond and a band at 790 cm-1 to 800 cm-1 showing the presence of Si-O-Si stretching. XRD patterns produced a broad scattering peak for all samples at 2θ of 24° showing that the samples are amorphous silica. For tests of high Mg2+ in the brine mix, 900Mg:940Si, a mix of crystalline silica and crystalline magnesium silicate was produced. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the scale formed even with 100 ppm of VS-Co present. Further studies are required to address how to mitigate scale formation effectively in the future. Research limitations/implications: Based on the research conducted, we can conclude that the VS-Co alone could not significantly inhibit the formation of silica/silicate scale even at the highest concentration (100 ppm) of VS-Co. However, having VS-Co present caused an alteration in IR spectra frequency which requires further investigation to assess how best to develop the inhibiting properties of the VS-Co product. The application of nanoparticles and their successful stories spark the interest of authors in searching for an efficient method of managing the silica/silicate scale where the modification of potential scale inhibitor (SI) with nanoparticles may be able to improve the inhibition efficiency towards the silicate/silicate scale. Practical implications: The presence of VS-Co in the scaling brine only slightly inhibits the Mg2+ ion (initially comes from connate water) from reacting. It is worth further investigation on how this VS-Co can make it happen. Hence, the functional groups responsible for this may be altered by adding other functional groups to provide a synergistic effect in preventing this silica/silicate scale; or by modifying the VS-Co with nanoparticles to improve their adsorption/desorption capacity. Originality/value: The newly developed technique in analysing the inhibition mechanism of a chemical inhibitor using various spectroscopic analysis is promising where an alteration in the spectra may provide proof of the chemical’s inhibition efficiency.
EN
This study presents the results of concentrations of rare earth elements and yttrium (REY), uranium (U), and thorium (Th) in ashes from combustion/co-combustion of biomass (20%, 40%, and 60% share) from the agri-food industry (pomace from apples, walnut shells, and sunflower husks) and hard coal. The study primarily focuses on ashes from the co-combustion of biomass and hard coal, in terms of their potential use for the recovery of rare earth elements (REE), and the identification of the sources of these elements in the ashes. Research methods such as ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry), XRD (X-ray diffraction), and SEM-EDS (scanning electron microscopy with quantitative X-ray microanalysis) were used. The total average content of REY in ash from biomass combustion is 3.55-120.5 mg/kg, and in ash from co-combustion, it is from 187.3 to 73.5 mg/kg. The concentration of critical REE in biomass combustion ash is in the range 1.0-38.7 mg/kg, and in co-combustion ash it is 23.3-60.7 mg/kg. In hard-coal ash, the average concentration of REY and critical REY was determined at the level of 175 and 45.3 mg/kg, respectively. In all samples of the tested ashes, a higher concentration of Th (0.2-14.8 mg/kg) was found in comparison to U (0.1-6 mg/kg). In ashes from biomass and hard-coal combustion/co-combustion, the range of the prospective coefficient (Coutl) is 0.66-0.82 and 0.8-0.85, respectively, which may suggest a potential source for REE recovery. On the basis of SEM-EDS studies, yttrium was found in particles of ashes from biomass combustion, which is mainly bound to carbonates. The carriers of REY, U, and Th in ashes from biomass and hard-coal co-combustion are phosphates (monazite and xenotime), and probably the vitreous aluminosilicate substance.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki stężeń pierwiastków ziem rzadkich i itru (REY), uranu (U), oraz toru (Th) w popiołach ze spalania/współspalania biomasy (udział 20, 40 i 60%) z przemysłu rolno-spożywczego (wytłoki z jabłek, łupiny orzecha włoskiego i łuski słonecznik), i węgla kamiennego. W pracy zwrócono uwagę przede wszystkim na popioły ze współspalania biomasy i węgla kamiennego, pod kątem ich potencjalnego wykorzystania do odzysku pierwiastków ziem rzadkich (REE), oraz identyfikacji źródeł tych pierwiastków w popiołach. Zastosowano metody badawcze takie jak ICP-MS (spektrometria mas ze wzbudzeniem w plazmie indukcyjnie sprzężonej), XRD (dyfrakcja rentgenowska) i SEM-EDS (skaningowa mikroskopia elektronowa z ilościową mikroanalizą rentgenowską). Całkowita średnia zawartość REY w popiołach ze spalania biomasy wynosi 3,55-120,5 mg/kg, a w popiołach ze współspalania od 73,5 do 187,3 mg/kg. Średnie stężenie krytycznych REE w popiołach ze spalania biomasy mieści się w zakresie 1,0-38,7 mg/kg, a w popiołach ze współspalania 23,3-60,7 mg/kg. W popiele z węgla kamiennego średnie stężenie REY i krytycznych REY oznaczono odpowiednio na poziomie 175 i 45.3 mg/kg. W próbkach badanych popiołów oznaczono wyższe stężenie Th (0,2-14,8 mg/kg), w porównaniu do U (0,1-6 mg/kg). W popiołach ze spalania/współspalania biomasy i węgla kamiennego zakres wartości współczynnika perspektywicznego (Coutl) wynosi odpowiednio 0,66-0,82 i 0,8-0,85, co może sugerować potecjalne źródło do odzysku REE. Analiza cząstek popiołów ze spalania biomasy wykazała itr, który związany jest głównie z węglanami. Nośnikami REY, U i Th w popiołach ze współspalania biomasy i węgla kamiennego są fosforany: monacyt i ksenotym, oraz prawdopodobnie szklista substancja glinokrzemianowa.
20
Content available remote Rola technologii CCUS w transformacji energetycznej
PL
Technologie CCUS mogą potencjalnie odegrać kluczową rolę w transformacji energetycznej UE, mającej na celu osiągnięcie neutralności klimatycznej do 2050 roku. Istotne znaczenie w związku z tym mają działania w obszarze badań i innowacji. Tworzenie projektów CCUS na skalę przemysłową, pozwoli na zidentyfikowanie nowych problemów badawczych, które najlepiej rozwiązać poprzez prace badawczo-rozwojowe we współpracy z przemysłem.
EN
CCUS technologies have the potential to play a key role to succeed in the EU energy transition, and R&I activities are crucial. Building industrial-scale CCUS projects will identify new research objectives that can best be achieved by undertaking R&I in parallel with large-scale implementation activities in cooperation with industry partners.
first rewind previous Strona / 63 next fast forward last
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.