The sportswear industry has a growing market globally. In the sportswear retail market, where the primary focus is on providing customers the product, but provision of the necessary ancillary service also takes place, the service quality and its relation to customer satisfaction and customer loyalty are important. With an attempt to find out this relationship, the data for this study was obtained from 251 people living in Turkey. The service quality was described as a second-order construct with the dimensions proposed in SERVQUAL scale. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to analyze and validate the model. The findings showed that the service quality, together with the relevant dimensions, tangibles, reliability, and assurance, has an influence on the customer satisfaction but not on the customer loyalty. Nonetheless, it was confirmed the customer satisfaction has an impact on the customer loyalty.
The development and functioning of the global economy market is not possible without a net-work of transport connections - communication infrastructure, as well as a service provider - consumer relationship. Transport is a technological process of the distance of people, objects or energy. Knowledge of the logistics system and its processes is essential for fully functioning and effective logistic activities in the field of goods turnover. The functioning of enterprises operating on modern world markets without effective logistics is almost impossible, hence the constant search for tools to improve its processes, which provide added value for the customer, while maintaining the cost-quality ratio of the services provided. Building an appropriate relationship with the customer, taking care of customer service standards and professional customer service is a long-term and developmental process, which is nothing else than a mutual benefit transaction. Customer satisfaction should be constantly tested in terms of satisfaction and loyalty as well as the perception of the standards introduced and services offered. The customer satisfaction survey is used to illustrate the perception of the conditions that guide the customer. This article describes the methods of measuring customer satisfaction in the point of view quality of transport services.
Purpose: This article focuses on private labels, which play a crucial role in the retail market. This article aims to examine the market of private labels in the Czech Republic and reveal the customer profile of private labels in the Czech market. Design/methodology/approach: This article incorporates the results of the author's research devoted to various aspects of private labels and trade. The author used an online questionnaire for the research. This questionnaire was divided into several parts and prepared based on the literature search of statistics, reports, papers, and scientific studies. Findings: Large retail chains can achieve more than 30% of sales from private labels. The nature of the private label market is changing significantly. Therefore, the customer profile is changing too. The author's research revealed that the most critical segment for private labels is women, specifically single women with an income of up to 20,000 CZK, aged under 27-36, who live in medium-sized cities with up to 100,000 inhabitants. Research limitations/implications: In the current Covid-19 pandemic, the results can contribute to more effective collaboration with customers. In the future, it is intended to develop research on other aspects that affect the operation of private labels. Practical implications: It is clear from the research results that large retail chains should focus on certain specific segments, especially women with the above profile. According to research, this segment is the most crucial segment for retail chains and should focus on it. Originality/value: The article focuses on the changes during the Covid-19 pandemic. At this time, there were changes in shopping behavior, which are listed in the article.
Logistyka ukierunkowała się na rynek. Obsługa klienta i jej odpowiedni poziom zaczęły zyskiwać miano priorytetów w działaniach przedsiębiorstw. Wymusiło to obserwowane dziś na rynkach zjawisko powstawania sieci logistycznej, znaczną integrację wielu przedsiębiorstw i organizacji w ramach jednego łańcucha dostaw, znaczne zwiększenie roli najnowszych technologii w działaniach logistycznych. Obserwowane zmiany sprawiły, że współcześnie wiele podmiotów obecnych na rynku logistykę traktuje jako swoistą szansę strategiczną. Niestety, zbyt mało wiemy jeszcze o problemie wykorzystania logistyki jako ważnego elementu uzyskiwania przewagi konkurencyjnej, stąd też celem artykułu jest przedstawienie możliwości logistyki w poprawie pozycji przedsiębiorstw na konkurencyjnym rynku oraz ukazanie jej znaczenia dla organizacji.
EN
Logistics focused on the market, customer service and its appropriate level began to become priorities in activities. It was forced by the phenomenon of the formation of a logistic network observed in the markets today, the significant integration of many enterprises and organizations within one supply chain, and a significant increase in the role of the latest technologies in logistics activities. Due to the observed changes, many entities present on the market nowadays treat logistics as a kind of strategic opportunity. Unfortunately, we still know too little about the problem of using logistics as an important element of gaining a competitive advantage, therefore the aim of the article is to present the possibilities of logistics in improving the position of enterprises in a competitive market and to show its importance for the organization.
5
Dostęp do pełnego tekstu na zewnętrznej witrynie WWW
The phenomenon of digital risk accompanies today’s consumers every day, at the execution of every purchase transaction. Today’s customers (so-called the Customers 4.0), who use ICTs on a large scale and are very prone to exploiting the potential of ICTs in purchasing processes, are usually aware of the digital risk, but do not give to it a high enough priority. In order to explore the peculiarity of the digital risk and customer use of ICTs, the CATI survey was conducted - on a sample of 320 consumers (from Poland). The research aimed to assess the complexity and importance of digital risk in customers’ opinions, and the complexity of the use of ICTs in purchasing processes. The research process involved the statistical methods as follows: factor analysis (i.e. Principal Components Analysis method - PCA), as well as cluster analysis (k-mean method). In the study, three composite indexes were constructed - i.e. the Digital Risk Complexity Index - DRCI, the Digital Risk Importance Index - DRII, as well as the Consumers’ Use of ICTs Complexity Index - CUICI. In particular, the study showed that the digital risk complexity is at a moderate level, the digital risk importance is at a moderate level too, as well as the consumers’ use of ICTs complexity is at a relatively high level throughout the research sample.
PL
Zjawisko ryzyka cyfrowego towarzyszy dzisiejszym konsumentom każdego dnia, przy realizacji każdej transakcji zakupowej. Współcześni klienci (tzw. Klienci 4.0), którzy korzystają z ICT na dużą skalę i są bardzo skłonni do wykorzystywania potencjału ICT w procesach zakupowych, są zwykle świadomi ryzyka cyfrowego, ale nie nadają mu wystarczająco wysokiego priorytetu. W celu zbadania specyfiki ryzyka cyfrowego i wykorzystania ICT przez klientów przeprowadzono badanie CATI - na próbie 320 konsumentów (z Polski). Celem badań była ocena poziomu złożoności i znaczenia ryzyka cyfrowego w opinii klientów oraz poziomu złożoności stosowania ICT w procesach zakupowych. Proces badawczy obejmował następujące metody: analizę czynnikową (tj. metodę analizy głównych składowych - PCA), a także analizę skupień (metoda k-średnich). W badaniu zbudowano trzy indeksy kompozytowe: Digital Risk Complexity Index - DRCI, Digital Risk Importance Index - DRII, jak również Consumers’ Use of ICTs Complexity Index - CUICI. Badanie wykazało przede wszystkim, że złożoność ryzyka cyfrowego jest na umiarkowanym poziomie, znaczenie ryzyka cyfrowego również na umiarkowanym poziomie, a złożoność zastosowania ICT przez konsumentów jest na stosunkowo wysokim poziomie w całej próbie badawczej.
The article discusses current trends and directions of research related to diagnosing the level of customer satisfaction in retail banking. The authors review the literature and organize the main research areas. In addition, they undertake a discussion and review of current directions of customer satisfaction studies and propose new directions resulting from current research gaps. The problem of customer satisfaction surveys has been presented both ways – from the research and scientific perspective, as well as from the viewpoint of customer satisfaction surveys completed by one of the biggest banks in the world.
When using various types of services, the customer may experience positive or negative situations, incidents. These incidents may affect the customer's satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Therefore, these incidents can be a source of very valuable information for the enterprise about the quality of the services it offers. The problem, however, is their analysis, because such incidents can affect different aspects of the service, but also, as mentioned earlier, can have a positive or negative impact on customer satisfaction. The Critical Incident Technique (CIT), often mentioned in the literature, can be used for such an analysis. With this method, it is possible to isolate situations that are typical of the negative and positive feelings of the customers, as well as to determine the frequency of their occurrence. The purpose of the papers was to analyze the quality of services offered by the chosen catering enterprise with use of CIT. The research took form of a direct interview with customers after delivery of the chosen service. Data obtained on this basis was analyzed: all incidents were first divided into groups and categories as well as positive and negative incidents, and then statistics for individual categories were presented. This research allowed to indicate the strengths and weaknesses of the research service, but at the same time to indicate the areas of potential improvement.
Problemem badawczym podjętym w pracy jest odpowiedź na pytanie: jakie czynniki mogą wzmacniać lojalność klientów w sektorze usług telekomunikacyjnych oraz które z nich mają największy wpływ na decyzje klientów o lojalności. Celem artykułu w jego części teoretycznej jest zaprezentowanie ogólnej istoty lojalności oraz jej możliwych składowych, a w części empirycznej – przedstawienie wyników badań opartych na literaturze przedmiotu. Opracowanie składa się z pięciu części: dwóch teoretycznych, dwóch badawczych oraz podsumowania. W części teoretycznej przedstawiono zjawisko i pojęcia lojalności, zaprezentowano także jej składowe, opisane w literaturze przedmiotu. W części empirycznej przedstawiono czynniki, które mogą determinować lojalność klientów w sektorze usług telekomunikacyjnych oraz teoretyczny model, który opisuje proces podejmowania decyzji przez klientów o lojalności względem wybranego obiektu. Wyniki badań wskazują, że lojalność klientów w sektorze usług telekomunikacyjnych mogą kształtować zarówno czynniki jakościowe związane z usługą, jak również pozajakościowe, jak bezpieczeństwo czy aspekty społeczne.
EN
The research problem raised in the article is the answer to the question: what factors can strengthen customer’s loyalty in the telecommunications services sector and which of them have the greatest influence on customer’s decisions about loyalty. The aim of the article, in its epistemological part, is to present the general essence of loyalty and its possible components, and in the empirical part to present research results based on the subject literature. The study consists of five parts: two theoretical, two research parts and summary with conclusions. The theoretical part presents the phenomenon and concepts of loyalty. Its components described in the literature on the subject were also featured. The empirical part presents factors that may determine customer loyalty in the telecommunications service sector and the theoretical model that describes the customer’s decision making process about loyalty to the selected object. The results of research indicate that customer’s loyalty in the telecommunications services sector can shape both qualitative factors related to the service, as well as quality factors such as security or social aspects.
Nowadays, companies are increasingly forced to fight against competition. The number of competitors on the market is constantly growing, and customer’s demands on the products offered by the companies are increasing. The role of customers on the market has changed in recent years. Customers are more active than before, i.e. they started to actively co-create value, so they stopped being passive to the purchase process. Organizations that make appropriate use of the increase in customer activity can count on large benefits for the company. One of the methods to increase competitiveness is continuous introduction of new technologies based on the Internet, which recently resulted in easier cooperation between customers and suppliers, making and settling transactions, coordination of orders in the supply chain thanks to e.g. solution supporting electronic exchange of EDI documents. Therefore, the development of information and communication technologies has significantly influenced the development of organization through its improvement. This paper presents the importance of new technologies for the customer that improve the process of its service in a selected clothing sales network in Poland.
The article presents the development of e-administration in Poland after joining the European Union and resulting responsibilities. One of the most important elements of the implementation of e-administration in municipal offices was the reduction of visits to the office itself and dealing with official matters via the Internet. In municipal offices, matters must be dealt with by all citizens also by people with disabilities. The second part of the article presents the results of the analysis of how the introduction of e-administration affects the service of the disabled customer on the example of the city of Żywiec.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono rozwój e-administracji Polsce po wejściu do Unii Europejskiej i wynikające z tego obowiązki. Jednym z ważniejszych elementów wdrażania e-administracji w urzędach miejskich było zmniejszenie wizyt w samym urzędzie i załatwianie spraw urzędowych przez Internet. W urzędach miejskich sprawy muszą załatwiać wszyscy obywatele również osoby niepełnosprawne. W drugiej części artykułu przedstawiono wyniki analizy w jaki sposób wprowadzenie e-administracji wpływa na obsługę klienta niepełnosprawnego na przykładzie miasta Żywiec.
Opracowanie dotyczy analizy i w jej wyniku doskonalenia, procesu zarządzania opakowaniami zwrotnymi od klientów w dużym przedsiębiorstwie, zajmującym się produkcją uszczelnień karoseryjnych do samochodów oraz produkcją pasów transmisyjnych dla branży motoryzacyjnej i AGD. Przedstawiono problemy zidentyfikowane w firmie w zakresie gospodarki opakowaniowej i zaproponowano projekt doskonalenia, obejmujący między innymi wdrożenie metody 5S oraz systemu Kanban. Rozwiązania pokazane w artykule na przykładzie wybranego studium przypadku, mogą zostać zaadoptowane przez inne podmioty gospodarcze, borykające się z podobnymi problemami w analizowanym zakresie.
EN
The study concerns the analysis and as a result of its improvement, the process of managing returnable packaging from customers in a large enterprise, dealing in the production of car body seals for cars and the production of transmission belts for the automotive industry and household appliances. Problems identified in the company in the field of packaging management were presented and an improvement project was proposed, including implementation of the 5S method and the Kanban system. The solutions shown in the article on the example of a selected case study may be adopted by other business entities struggling with similar problems in the analyzed scope.
The article has a character of a theoretical overview and presents marketing aspects of the Resource-Based View (RBV). The considerations in this article are related to the Dynamic Capability Concept as a new research area in management sciences. The theses of the article focus particularly on locating customer relationships in the conceptual discourse of this concept. The purpose of this article is to identify relationships with customers as dynamic capabilities of an enterprise. The article also presents directions of practical implications and possibilities for using relational skills as a source of competitive advantage of an enterprise. The article uses the method of source analysis, which is based on domestic and foreign literature of the subject.
The article discusses the way of perceiving the public administration recipient in the context of services provided by this administration. The authors pay special attention to changes taking place in public institutions, resulting in a change in the perception of a recipient of public services. The work also presents the specifics of the public administration customer, applying a comparison to the company's customer.
For the first time, the article puts forward the hypothesis about the influence of the existential needs of customers on the formation of the architectural image of buildings. A methodology to analyze customers’ needs, their types and their relation to the development of buildings and structures typology has been developed. On the basis of the analysis carried out, types of customers’ existential needs and their development in the time period from 1500 BC to the present day have been identified. Purpose: to create the notion of the way customer’s subjective ideas influence the architectural image.
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie użyteczności kwestionariusza Kano w kontekście rozwoju właściwych – z punktu widzenia studenta – cech usługi edukacyjnej. W pierwszej części artykułu, na podstawie literatury przedmiotu, zaprezentowano istotę kwestionariusza Kano i jego uniwersalny charakter, co umożliwia wykorzystanie tego narzędzia w różnych organizacjach. Część druga obejmuje realizację badania w wybranej szkole wyższej; zdiagnozowano cechy charakteryzujące usługę edukacyjną z punktu widzenia studenta, dokonano ich hierarchizacji, co umożliwiło określenie poziomu jakości i satysfakcji studenta z oferowanej usługi edukacyjnej oraz wskazano te cechy, które wymagają rozwoju. Z badań wynika, że równie ważne dla studentów są materialne, jak i niematerialne cechy usługi edukacyjnej.
EN
The aim of the article is to present the usefulness of the Kano questionnaire in the context of the development of appropriate, from the student’s point of view, characteristics of the educational service. In the first part of the article, based on the literature of the subject, the essence of the Kano questionnaire as well as its universal character has been presented, which enables the application of this tool in various organizations. The second part involves the implementation of the study in a chosen higher education institution; the characteristics of the educational service have been diagnosed according to the student’s point of view, their hierarchization has been defined, which allowed for the assessment of the quality and satisfaction level from the offered educational service as well as for the identification of those features that require development. The research proves that both material and immaterial features of the educational service are equally important for students.
Many different kinds of automation are saving great amount of time and money in e-commerce. This paper gives an overview of the current applications and future of robots in e-commerce and discusses the various factors that that are important to choosing the best approach in ‘last-mile-delivery’. It discusses advantages and disadvantages of autonomous vehicles, questions about safety and reliability and marketing effect. Automation at earlier stages of supply chain, less visible for clients has more impact on delivery process economics.
17
Dostęp do pełnego tekstu na zewnętrznej witrynie WWW
Dystrybucja jest zróżnicowanym i kompleksowym procesem, uwarunkowanym profilem działalności końcowego odbiorcy oraz posiadanym potencjałem dystrybutora. Przez potencjał, należy rozumieć zarówno zasoby wewnętrzne przedsiębiorstwa, wdrażane strategie, realizowane procesy, posiadane siły i środki, a także szanse zlokalizowane w otoczeniu zewnętrznym firmy Pierwsza część artykułu zawiera ocenę odbiorców oraz dostawców firmy poprzez ukazanie zależności determinowanych ich położeniem, charakterem działalności, a także udziałem odpowiednio w sprzedaży, czy też zaopatrzeniu. W drugiej części artykułu zaprezentowano inicjację oraz przebieg procesu dystrybucji, poczynając od nawiązania kontaktu z potencjalnym klientem, a na dostawie towaru kończąc.
EN
Distribution is a varied and complex process determined by the profile of activity of the final consignee as well as by the capacity of the distributor. Capacity refers to a company’s internal resources, implemented strategies, conducted processes, manpower and equipment, as well as windows of opportunity located in a company’s external surroundings. The first part of the paper contains an assessment of a company’s consignees and suppliers conducted by presenting relationships determined by their location, nature of their business activity, as well as their share of sales and supply. In the second part of the paper, there is a presentation of initiation and the process of distribution, from establishing contact with a prospective customer to delivery of goods.
Dystrybucja jest zróżnicowanym i kompleksowym procesem, uwarunkowanym profilem działalności końcowego odbiorcy oraz posiadanym potencjałem dystrybutora. Przez potencjał, należy rozumieć zarówno zasoby wewnętrzne przedsiębiorstwa, wdrażane strategie, realizowane procesy, posiadane siły i środki, a także szanse zlokalizowane w otoczeniu zewnętrznym firmy Pierwsza część artykułu zawiera ocenę odbiorców oraz dostawców firmy poprzez ukazanie zależności determinowanych ich położeniem, charakterem działalności, a także udziałem odpowiednio w sprzedaży, czy też zaopatrzeniu. W drugiej części artykułu zaprezentowano inicjację oraz przebieg procesu dystrybucji, poczynając od nawiązania kontaktu z potencjalnym klientem, a na dostawie towaru kończąc.
XX
Distribution is a varied and complex process determined by the profile of activity of the final consignee as well as by the capacity of the distributor. Capacity refers to a company’s internal resources, implemented strategies, conducted processes, manpower and equipment, as well as windows of opportunity located in a company’s external surroundings. The first part of the paper contains an assessment of a company’s consignees and suppliers conducted by presenting relationships determined by their location, nature of their business activity, as well as their share of sales and supply. In the second part of the paper, there is a presentation of initiation and the process of distribution, from establishing contact with a prospective customer to delivery of goods.
The paper highlights the main principles and modalities for developing a mobile application for sharing the ride via online taxi based on the use of innovative software elements and logistic flow management models. The proposed approach for the development of application is based on the latest marketing course, the use of logistic models and the elimination of analogues.
This study was undertaken: (1) to quantify the behavioural loyalty of garage customers and (2) to identify the formal characteristics that differentiate this loyalty. When examining a hypothesis that the level of behavioural loyalty of garage customers is low, it was found that as many as 58% of the customers surveyed were characterized by a high level of loyalty, because the value of the L coefficient was equal to or higher than 0,75. In consequence, the first hypothesis could not be confirmed. Another hypothesis was also considered, which stated that there exist formal criteria capable of differentiating the behavioural loyalty of garage customers; in this case, nine out of the ten formal criteria under analysis were found to differentiate the loyalty to a significant degree. Thus, the second hypothesis was confirmed. A practical implication of this study is the identification of customer groups that are differentiated from each other by the level of their loyalty; thanks to this, garage managers may be enabled to choose marketing-mix tools in a better way. The author’s contribution and novelty of the paper consist in the concept of measuring the behavioural loyalty of garage customers and in the segmentation results obtained.
PL
Cel artykułu był dwojaki: (1) kwantyfikacja lojalności behawioralnej klientów warsztatów samochodowych oraz (2) identyfikacja formalnych charakterystyk różnicujących tą lojalność. Weryfikując hipotezę H1, zgodnie z którą lojalność behawioralna klientów warsztatów jest niska, stwierdzono, że w przypadku aż 58% badanych lojalność behawioralna osiąga wysoki poziom, gdyż wartość współczynnika L jest większa lub równa 0,75. Zatem nie potwierdzono tej hipotezy. W zakresie hipotezy drugiej, stanowiącej, że istnieją formalne kryteria różnicujące lojalność behawioralną klientów warsztatów, wykazano, że dziewięć spośród dziesięciu analizowanych kryteriów formalnych różnicuje tą lojalność. Zatem hipotezę potwierdzono. Implikacją praktyczną opracowania jest identyfikacja grup klientów charakteryzujących się różnymi poziomami lojalności, co powinno pozwolić menedżerom warsztatów lepiej dobrać mieszankę wykorzystywanych narzędzi marketingowych Wkładem własnym autora i elementem innowacyjnym opracowania jest koncepcja pomiaru lojalności behawioralnej klientów warsztatów samochodowych oraz uzyskane wyniki segmentacji.
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.