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1

Effect of soil nutrients on the stability of superabsorbent polymers as a tool for climate change mitigation

Vavrincová Lenka, Adamcová Vanda, Machalová Linda, Valica Martin, Rezbárik Šimon, Horník Miroslav

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2025

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Vol. 34, No. 1

73--88

EN

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of soil nutrients on the stability of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs). In agriculture, SAPs are known to increase productivity in arid regions by improving plant water availability, optimizing root nutrient uptake, and increasing plant drought tolerance. In this study, we tested SAPs derived from starch and mixtures of acrylic acid and acrylamide. First, a physicochemical characterization of the SAPs was performed, which included optimizing the water absorption volume, determining the maximum absorption capacity, and analyzing the water binding kinetics. We then also investigated the effects of elements, such as Na, K, Zn and Cu, on the stability of SAPs. The results showed that the SAPs exhibited a high-water absorption capacity. However, reduced swelling capacity was observed in the presence of Hoagland’s medium and solutions of metal ions (Na, K, Zn, Cu) with equimolar concentrations to potassium in the SAP.

2

Cząstki typu Janus : otrzymywanie, właściwości i zastosowanie

Gołąbiewska Anna, Głowienke Hanna, Sowik Jakub, Malankowska Anna

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2024

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[Z] 78, 3-4

279--302

EN

Janus particles are a special class of materials whose uniqueness is based primarily on the lack of central symmetry of the particles, which causes their surfaces to have at least two different physical or chemical properties. Due to their asymmetric structure, Janus-type nanoparticles are used in the fields of chemistry, physics, engineering, and medicine. The work presents three groups of Janus particles: semiconductor-semiconductor, semiconductor-metal and metal-metal, and their methods of preparation and their applications.

3

Geochemistry features of mercury in oils from the deposits of the dnipro-donetsk depth

Ishkov Valerii, Kozii Yevhen

Mining Machines

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2024

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vol. 42, iss. 1

12--29

EN

The purpose of the article is to establish the geochemical characteristics of mercury in the oils of the active deposits of the Dnipro-Donetsk depth and to create their classification according to the content of this metal. Based on the research of typomorphic features of the oils of theconsidered deposits, it was established that it is the low-molecular sulfur-containing heteroatomic components of the oil system that are the main carriers and concentrators of mercury. Based on the results of the cluster analysis, a dendrogram of the results of clustering by theweighted centroid method of the studied deposits by the mercury content in the oils was constructed. Taking into account the statistically significant character of mercury connections, it is proposed to divide all geochemical and geological-technological parameters into a group genetically and/or paragenetically related to the accumulation of mercury in oil and a group negatively related to an increase in mercury content in oil. This is what made it possible to develop theclassification of oil fields of the Dnipro-Donetsk depth according to mercury content.

4

Ocena ryzyka zdrowotnego związanego z narażeniem na metale obecne w osadach dennych

Tytła Malwina

Laboratorium - Przegląd Ogólnopolski

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2024

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nr 1

41--46

PL

Osady denne to integralny element wszystkich ekosystemów wodnych. Stanowią one miejsce, w którym kumulowane są różne zanieczyszczenia, w tym także te potencjalnie toksyczne, jak metale. Zanieczyszczenia te mogą być unieruchamiane w osadach dennych jezior, cieków czy też zbiorników wodnych na długi czas. Stan ten może przyczyniać się do negatywnego oddziaływania tych pierwiastków zarówno w wymiarze ekologicznym, jak i zdrowotnym. Dlatego też, poza systematycznym monitorowaniem zawartości metali w osadach dennych, konieczne jest również przeprowadzanie oceny ryzyka zdrowotnego, związanego z obecnością tych pierwiastków.

EN

Bottom sediments are an integral element of all aquatic ecosystems. They are places where various pollutants, including potentially toxic ones, such as metals, are accumulated. These pollutants can be immobilised in the bottom sediments of lakes, streams, or water reservoirs for a long time. This condition may contribute to the negative impact of these elements, both in ecological and health aspect. Therefore, in addition to systematic monitoring of metal content in bottom sediments, it is also necessary to assess health risks associated with the presence of these elements.

5

Study of the Quality of Surface Waters in the Sącz Agglomeration

Basta Emilia, Ciuła Józef

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 12

223--243

EN

To evaluate the water quality in the Poprad, Kamienica, Dunajec river and the Łubinka stream in the Sącz agglomeration, two series of pilot studies were conducted on raw water samples, with a particular focus on both physical parameters (such as total suspended matter, turbidity, pH, and conductivity) and chemical parameters. The analysis presented increased concentrations of phosphorus, nitrogen, BOD5, COD, chlorides, sulfates, permanganate value, orthophosphates, total suspended matter, specific electrolytic conductivity (PEW), pH levels, and various elements including lithium, magnesium, manganese, potassium, sodium, calcium, and iron. No exceedance of the detection limits for individual pesticides were observed in the waters of the Poprad, Kamienica rivers and the Łubinka stream. Nevertheless, increased concentrations of the insecticide imidacloprid and the fungicide imazalil were detected in the Dunajec river. The primary factors impacting water quality in the Sącz agglomeration are the use of fertilizers, the proximity of wastewater treatment plants, and the presence of landfill sites.

6

Assessing the Effect of Rice Management System on Soil and Rice Quality Index in Girimarto, Wonogiri, Indonesia

Romadhon Muhammad Rizky, Mujiyo Mujiyo, Cahyono Ongko, Dewi Widyatmani Sih, Hardian Tiara, Anggita Akas, Hasanah Khalyfah, Irmawati Viviana, Istiqomah Nanda Mei

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 2

126--139

EN

Excessive chemical input in rice management systems has an impact on reducing soil quality and rice quality. The research that links soil quality with rice quality is needed to produce recommendations for improving rice cultivation to make healthy rice. This study aimed to determine the index values of soil and rice quality in organic, semi-organic, and conventional paddy fields as well as their relationship to formulate recommendations for land improvement. This research used descriptive explorative methods and purposive sampling to determine the soil and rice samples. This data was then analyzed according to the method for determining the soil quality index and rice quality based on principal component analysis. The results reveal low soil and rice quality in various rice cultivation systems. Organic management of paddy fields has the highest index among other cultivation systems, with a value of 0.36, and tends to approach the moderate index. For the rice quality values, the organic system of paddy fields has the highest value (0.28) and tends to come with the status of moderate rice quality. There is a very significant correlation between soil quality and rice (r=0.80; p-value <0.001; n=54), that high-quality soil will produce high-quality rice too. The soil and rice quality in the organic system are the best compared to other systems. This condition proves that applying organic materials can increase soil quality and improve the quality of rice.

7

The Influence of Metallurgical Industry Emissions on the Development of Selected Components of Atmospheric Deposition in the Košice Area (Slovakia)

Hančuľák Jozef, Cervenakova Petra, Sestinova Olga, Findorakova Lenka

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2024

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Vol. 1, no. 1

405--415

EN

The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of emissions and their decrease on the level of environmental burden through the study of selected atmospheric deposition parameters in the area with the dominant source of emissions from the iron and steel production complex. Total atmospheric deposition (AD), i.e., j. both wet and dry, was sampled from eleven sampling points at a distance of 3 to 16 kilometers from the ironworks complex. AD fluxes of selected elements (Fe, Al, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Cd, As) and dust particles (PM) were evaluated in relation to the amount of emissions from the results of long-term AD monitoring (2009 – 2022). The analysis shows the dominant influence of emissions from the metallurgical industry on the deposition fluxes of most of the monitored parameters and, thus, on the environmental burden of the area. The emissions have a decisive impact on the AD of manganese, iron, chromium, particulate matter, zinc, and aluminum, but also, to a lesser extent, on the AD of the other monitored elements. Correlation analysis confirmed a statistically significant dependence between the amount of emissions and the mass fluxes of AD for iron, zinc, manganese, and chromium for most of the sampling sites. The potential of immission load of the urban environment of Košice by emissions from the metallurgical industry is significantly higher in the winter due to local specific meteorological conditions. The more than sevenfold decrease in emissions significantly affected the AD of most of the monitored parameters, but their decrease was not so significant except for the AD of lead. The average AD of the elements strongly associated with ironworks emission sources, namely iron, manganese, chromium, and zinc, decreased approximately twofold. The amount of emissions is only one of several factors that affect the quantity of fluxes of the monitored AD parameters. In addition to seasonal factors, local meteorological, climatic, orographic, and other local conditions, and specifics also play an essential role.

8

The influence of morphometry on the spatial variability of bottom sediments pollution in a shallow lowland dam reservoir

Kostecki Maciej

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2023

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Nr 88 (tom 1)

45--60

EN

The relationship between morphometric conditions and the state of contamination of bottom sediments was investigated in terms of protection and restoration of limnic ecosystems. The study showed a high similarity of spatial variability of various types of pollutants including metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and in the case of phosphorus its speciation forms in the bottom sediments of the studied ecosystem. This indicates a common transport mechanism for these pollutants, in which suspended solids play a decisive role. The linear velocity of water flow is a determining factor in the transport of suspended solids shaping the distribution and degree of contamination of bottom sediments within a shallow, lowland dam reservoir. Morphometric conditions affect the spatial variability of the linear velocity of water flow, which is reflected in the spatial variability of contaminant concentrations in bottom sediments along the direction of water flow. The highest concentrations of pollutants, including organic matter, phosphorus, metals and PAHs are deposited in the pelagic zone of the reservoir. Knowledge of hydrological conditions and understanding of the physical properties of allochthonous suspensions provides an opportunity to control the process of sedimentation of suspensions through appropriate shaping of the bottom and surface of transverse profiles, determining the linear velocity of water flow.

PL

Artykuł koncentruje się na korelacjach między warunkami morfometrycznymi i hydrodynamicznymi a zanieczyszczeniem osadów dennych z punktu widzenia ochrony i rekultywacji ekosystemów limnicznych. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały duże podobieństwo w przestrzennej zmienności różnych zanieczyszczeń, w tym specjajnych form fosforu, metali i wielopierścieniowych węglowodorów aromatycznych, w osadach dennych badanego ekosystemu. Badania wskazują na wspólny dla tych zanieczyszczeń mechanizm transportu, w którym kluczową rolę odgrywają zawiesiny. Prędkość liniowa przepływu wody jest czynnikiem decydującym o transporcie zawiesin. Kształtuje ona rozkład i poziom zanieczyszczeń w osadach dennych w płytkim nizinnym zbiorniku zaporowym. Warunki morfometryczne wpływają na przestrzenną zmienność prędkości liniowej przepływu wody, co znajduje odzwierciedlenie w alokacji zanieczyszczeń w ekosystemie w kierunku przepływu wody. Najwyższe stężenia zanieczyszczeń (w tym materii organicznej, fosforu, metali i WWA) odkładają się w strefie pelagicznej zbiornika. Zrozumienie warunków hydrodynamicznych i znajomość właściwości fizycznych wykazywanych przez zawiesiny allochtoniczne stwarzają możliwość sterowania procesem sedymentacji zawiesiny poprzez odpowiednie ukształtowanie dna i profili poprzecznych określających prędkość liniową przepływu wody.

9

Innovative hydrometallurgy for galvanic sludge sustainable recovery

Brožová Silvie, Drápala Jaromír, Brož Jiří, Macháčková Adéla

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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2023

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Vol. 5, iss. 1

46--56

EN

The manuscript explores the feasibility of recovering zinc and iron from waste galvanic sludge generated during galvanic plating processes. Galvanic sludge, characterized by elevated concentrations of heavy metals, represents a suitable candidate for hydrometallurgical recycling. The primary objective of the experimental and practical phases was to extract zinc and iron through the leaching of galvanic sludge. Leaching procedures were conducted using sulfuric acid at varying temperatures and time durations, augmented by the introduction of oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide or ozone. Subsequent separation of the leach and filtrate was achieved through filtration. The leachate underwent additional processing involving the precipitation of iron and other metals, employing diverse agents. Following further filtration, electrolysis was employed to attain pure zinc on the cathode, utilizing an electrical voltage of approximately 3 V. Comprehensive chemical analyses were conducted on all intermediate products, including the leachate, leach liquor, filtrate, solid precipitate, and the separated metal on the cathode. The outcomes of these analyses are meticulously presented in tables and graphs.

10

A biomonitoring study of Diadema setosum: metal bioaccumulation and current status in Iskenderun Bay, eastern Mediterranean

Uğurlu Erkan

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2023

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Vol. 52, No. 4

484--492

EN

Concentrations of aluminum, chromium, cobalt, nickel, cadmium, lead, manganese, iron and zinc were determined in sea urchin species, Diadema setosum from Iskenderun Bay in December 2022. The level of metals was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). Concentrations of the heavy metals in the examined sea urchins ranged as follows: Al 0.07-7.17 μg g-1; Cr 0.07–0.8 μg g-1; Co 0.01–0.2 μg g-1; Ni 0.2–2.9 μg g-1; Cd 0.0–0.02 μg g-1; Pb 0.4-3.5 μg g-1; Mn 0.03–0.4 μg g-1; Fe 1.2-57.2 μg g-1; Zn 0.28–2.7 μg g-1, respectively. The highest accumulation of Fe and Pb metals was determined in the tissues of the sea urchin. The present study suggests that D. setosum could be a potential biological indicator of metal pollution in the Iskenderun Bay. Furthermore, soft tissues generally had lower levels overall. For this reason, the data show that D. setosum is a very good heavy metal collector and therefore may be used successfully to monitor heavy metal levels in Iskenderun Bay.

11

First survey of metallic distribution in zooplankton from a south Moroccan area

Bouthir Fatima Zohra, Afandi Imane, Talba Sophia, Labonne Maylis, Masski Hicham, Waeles Mathieu, Lae Raymond

Oceanologia

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2023

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No. 65 (4)

612--623

EN

The Moroccan Southern Atlantic coast is mainly influenced by upwelling, Saharan dust and anthropogenic micropollutant input. These factors contribute to increasing the availability of metal elements in waters. To differentiate human impact from natural variability, knowledge of background concentrations of metals and their fluctuations in bioindicator organisms such as zooplankton is important. This work aims to determine the levels of metals elements (Zn, Mn, Pb, Cu, Cd, Cr, Co, Ni, Li, As, Sr, U, Fe and Ba) in zooplankton along the southern area of the Atlantic coast of Morocco. Zooplankton samples were collected in the summer (July 2013) and autumn (December 2013) at 27 stations from Sidi Ifni to the south of Dakhla. All stations were located on transects perpendicular to the coast. The analysis of metal elements in zooplankton was determined by ICP–MS. The results revealed that in all transects, metal concentrations were below the regulatory limits. Metal enrichments were observed in the south and decreased gradually to the north. This study can be used as baseline data for the metal contents of zooplankton in Moroccan South Atlantic coastal water. A comparison to worldwide reported data on zooplankton did not reveal any suggestions on increased metal presence in the area investigated.

12

Assessment of the Impact of a Recultivated Landfill on the Soil Environment

Pusz Agnieszka, Wiśniewska Magdalena, Rogalski Dominik, Staśkiewicz Marcin

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 12

407--418

EN

Recultivated landfills, despite remedial actions, may pose a threat to human health and the environment, and therefore require long-term monitoring. The aim of the work was to investigate the impact of recultivation treatments on changes in the physical and chemical properties of soils in the vicinity of a landfill for waste other than hazardous and neutral. In order to carry out the work, drillings were made around the tested landfill, from which samples were taken and selected physical and chemical properties were determined, including substances causing risks that are particularly important for the protection of the earth’s surface. The tested soils were characterized by a neutral and alkaline reaction and a high degree of saturation of the sorption complex with exchangeable basic cations after the use of dust and ash as a recultivation material. Leaks and leachate accumulation were found in the northern part of the facility. The permissible metal contents for industrial areas (group IV) and forest areas (group III) were not exceeded. In the northern part of the landfill area, the permissible content of cadmium was exceeded, while in the southern part, the permissible content of zinc, lead and cadmium was exceeded for agricultural areas (group II). The use of dust and ashes for the recultivation of the landfill in its southern part limited the migration of pollutants deeper into the profile and resulted in an improvement in the physical and chemical properties of the tested soils. The conclusion stated that there is a need to undertake further remediation activities and monitoring studies in order to minimize potential migration of pollutants into the soil and water environment, posing a threat to human health and the environment.

13

Geochemistry indices and biotests as useful tools in the assessment of the degree of sediment contamination by metals

Koniarz Tomasz, Tarnawski Marek, Baran Agnieszka

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2023

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Vol. 49, no. 1

5--18

EN

Ecological and geochemical indicators have been widely accepted as tools with the potential for rapid risk assessment of metal contamination of bottom sediments. In this study we propose a selection of such indicators to characterize the potential ecological risks stemming from metal contamination of the bottom sediments of the Chechło reservoir (S Poland). The Chechło reservoir is located in an area formerly occupied by zinc and lead ore mining and processing industry. High amounts of metals, especially zinc (39.37–4772.00 mg/kg d.m.), cadmium (0.37–21.13 mg/kg d.m.) and lead (4.50–434.49 mg/kg d.m.) have been found in the bottom sediments. Both geochemical (CD – contamination degree) and ecological indices (mean PECQ) were indicative of bottom sediment contamination and their potential toxicity to living organisms. Most of the bottom sediment samples (71%) examined were toxic for Heterocypris incongruens, while only 9% of the samples were toxic to Sinapis alba. However, no significant correlations between the metal content and the response of the test organisms were observed. Correlation and principal component analyses (PCA) showed that silt and clay fractions were the key factors influencing the metal content in the sediments. Our study makes a contribution to building evidence of the need to integrate several indices for the assessment of environmental risks related to the presence of metals in bottom sediments rather than relying on a single one.

14

The Impact of Climate Conditions on the Yield of Some Fall Barley Cultivars for the Production of Beer in the Kosovo Plain

Shala Nexhdet, Dreshaj Adem, Hoxha Ibrahim, Sejfijaj Osman, Millaku Bedri

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 2

261--268

EN

Barley is a plant in Europe that occupies an important place in the structure of cultivated plants. The main use of barley is for brewing beer. Even in Kosovo, the main part of barley production is used in the beer industry. The beer industry in Kosovo produces beer prepared from barley; it is liked by the consumer, not only in Kosovo but also in Albania. Our brewing industry mainly uses locally grown barley. Our farmers have planted the traditional cultivars of barley but, recently and in the future, new cultivars have been introduced and introduced, preferring those that give high yields but also with good chemical and technological indicators. Our study aimed to determine the influence of climatic (temperature and humidity) and soil factors on the yield and quality of barley production in both areas of its cultivation. The presence of mineral elements in the soil are necessary for barley such as: Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Zinc and climatic factors for the production of beer barley.

15

Investigation of Heavy Metals in the Surface and Groundwater and its Health Risk Assessment in the Parts of Gudiyattam Region, Tamilnadu, India

Krishnam Shankar Hemath Naveen, Ponnusamy Porchelvan

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

|

Vol. 24, iss. 5

20--29

EN

Health risk assessment and heavy metals analysis was carried out for 8 lakes water samples and 8 open well water samples in Gudiyattam region. Metal Index(MI), Adult Infusion(AI), and Hazardous Quotient(HQ) were determined to know the health risk in all locations using ingestion and dermal pathway. MI values are greater than 1 in all lakes as well as in well water for the location S1 to S3 and in S6 which indicates this water is unfit for drinking purposes. Based on HQingestion and HQdermal value, the location S1 to S4 are more polluted for the lake water. Among all the well locations S4 is the most polluted. Considering the Hazard Index (HI) of these metals was found to be greater than 1. Carcinogenic Index(CI) exceeded the acceptable limit of 1.0x 10(-06 to-04) in 5 locations for lake water and 1 location for well water. Especially the location S4 in lake water as well as in well water have direct proportionality in pollution load. The water sample previously said location can pose a serious risk to living beings.

16

Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification from Soil to Nettle-Snail and Extension Heavy Metal Pollution of Mining Activity "Ferronikel" in Drenas

Bici Mentor, Halili Jeton, Bislimi Kemajl, Zogaj Muhamet, Mazreku Ilir

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 9

358--366

EN

In this research project, we measured the impact of the activity of "Ferronikel" factory on the concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Ni) in soil, plant (Urtica dioica L.) and shell of snail (Helix pomatia L.) in the locality of Drenas. Large quantities of these metals come from natural and anthropogenic sources including mining activity, agriculture, pesticide use, industrialization, and inadequate disposal of mineral waste and artificial fertilizers. These inorganic pollutants are deposited in the soil, water, and atmosphere in various forms of complexes and are thus transmitted from plants, animals to humans. Climatic factors such as winds, rains, and temperatures are believed to be major contributors to the spread over time and space of heavy metals in the environment. Soil samples, nettle plant and snail, were collected from the selected pollution source of factory "Ferronikel" at distances of 1 km, 2 km, and 5 km in the radius circles divided into four geographical areas. The samples were digested in microwave at 200 °C for 45 min and have been read in two types of absorbers Thermo and Contra AAA. Higher concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Ni were recorded in the southern parts of the country compared to that control with significant differences (p<0.01). Bioaccumulation and biomagnification levels of these heavy metals have also been recorded in the roots, stalks, and leaves of the stinging nettle plant as well as in snail shells. The results show that the stinging nettle plant has translocated larger amounts of these heavy metals especially Pb along with the vegetative organs wherefrom these they are carried in the snail shell, which is fed on the stinging nettle plant. Also, results shown that the nettle plant Urtica dioica can be used in phytoremediation process whereas snail Helix pomatia can be used like bioindicator of heavy metal pollution.

17

Analysis of high temperature oxidation characteristic of chrome-plated, nickel-plated and non-plated mild steels

Alemayehu Atalay, Beyene Eaba, Batu Temesgen, Tirfe Dagim

Advances in Mechanical and Materials Engineering

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2023

|

Vol. 40, nr 1

215--228

EN

Metals are the best engineering materials owing to their superior conductivity, mechanical properties, and formability. However, they can be highly affected by environmental elements like oxygen, chlorine, etc. This reaction of metals with the environmental elements will indeed alter their electrical, chemical, and mechanical properties. To protect against corrosion, various protection methods such as electroplating have been established. The presence of anodic or cathodic films on the substrate surface protects steel from corrosion damage at ambient atmospheric temperature. This work focuses on the effect of temperature on the oxidative (corrosion) rate of non-plated, nickel-plated, and chrome-plated ASTM A283GC mild steel samples. A temperature range of 200–800 °C and a total heating time of 120 min were considered in this experiment. A temperature-regulated muffle furnace with a maximum heating capacity of 1000 °C has been used. Weight changes were determined every 30 minutes of heating using a digital weight balance with a precision of 0.001 g. The obtained experimental results of non-plated, nickel-plated, and chrome-plated mild steel samples were analyzed and compared with each other. The effect of oxidation on the surface hardness has also been studied with the help of a Vickers hardness testing machine. Changes in the physical nature of the samples caused by oxidation were also observed and pictured using a camera.

PL

Metale są najlepszymi materiałami konstrukcyjnymi ze względu na ich doskonałą przewodność właściwą, właściwości mechaniczne i odkształcalność. Jednakże wpływ czynników środowiskowych takich jak tlen i chlor może zmienić ich właściwości elektryczne, chemiczne i mechaniczne. W celu ochrony metali przed korozją opracowano różne metody ochrony, m.in. w procesie galwanizacji. Obecność filmów anodowych lub katodowych na powierzchni podłoża chroni stal przed uszkodzeniami korozyjnymi w temperaturze otoczenia. Niniejszy artykuł skupia się na wpływie temperatury na szybkość utleniania (korozji) próbek stali miękkiej nieplaterowanej, platerowanej niklem i chromowanej. W badaniach uwzględniono zakres temperatury 200-800°C i całkowity czas ogrzewania 120 minut. Zastosowano piec muflowy z regulowaną temperaturą o maksymalnej wydajności grzewczej 1000°C. Zmiany masy mierzono co 30 minut w trakcie nagrzewania przy użyciu cyfrowej wagi z dokładnością do 0,001 g. Uzyskane wyniki eksperymentalne próbek ze stali miękkiej ASTM A283GC nie platerowanej, platerowanej niklem i chromowanej poddano analizie i porównano ze sobą. Badano także wpływ utleniania na twardość powierzchni za pomocą twardościomierza Vickersa. Zaobserwowane zmiany w zachowaniu próbek spowodowane utlenianiem zostały sfotografowane.

18

Morphology of household waste on the example of Sri Lanka and Poland — case study

Perera Egodage Chavin Janitha, Chyc Marek

Science, Technology and Innovation

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2022

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Vol. 15, no. 1-2

17--21

EN

Household waste is a global problem that many countries cannot cope with and deal with difficulty. In many regions of the world, a dynamic increase in the amount of waste generated is observed, which causes significant environmental pollution and excessive use of non-renewable resources. In the case of household waste, important indicators are not only its quantity per person but also its morphology. This study compares the amount of waste generated and its morphology by a household in Sri Lanka (Colombo) and Poland (Tarnów). The presented data comes from 2022, during a time of economic crisis caused initially by the COVID-19 pandemic and then due to the war between Russia and Ukraine. Currently, Sri Lanka is going through one of the greatest economic crises in its history. Poland is currently experiencing high inflation and reduced demand for many consumer goods due to continuous price increases. These events significantly affect the demand for various types of consumer goods and, paradoxically, this may reduce the amount of waste generated. It is important to identify and implement new strategies to recycle or optimize the usage of waste and develop value added products that would, in turn, have a positive impact on the domestic waste awareness. The results of the conducted research indicate a significant share of biodegradable waste in the stream of generated waste, especially in Sri Lanka. The vast majority of generated waste can be recycled, but sorting is required. Comparing the data obtained from this case study, 71% of food waste is generated in Sri Lanka, whereas 22.1% is generated in Poland. This indicates that Poland produces a significant amount of processed food. Moreover, the recorded plastic waste produced by Polish families is twice that of Sri Lanka. Furthermore, both countries indicate a positive trend to generate more waste in the future despite economic challenges faced locally as well as globally. Therefore, it is vital to understand the amount and morphology of waste as well as to implement more efficient and economical strategies to eliminate negative impacts.

19

Coastal cliff erosion as a source of toxic, essential and nonessential metals in the marine environment

Bełdowska Magdalena, Bełdowski Jacek, Kwasigroch Urszula, Szubska Marta, Jędruch Agnieszka

Oceanologia

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2022

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No. 64 (4)

553--566

EN

Due to the rising environmental awareness, emissions and releases of pollutants, including metals, have been considerably reduced in the last decades. Therefore, the remobilization of natural and anthropogenic contaminants is gaining importance in their biogeochemical cycle. In the marine coastal zone, this process occurs during the erosion of a shore, especially the most vulnerable cliffs. The research was conducted in the Gulf of Gdańsk (southern Baltic Sea) from 2016 to 2017. The sediment cores were collected from four cliffs; additionally, marine surface sediments were also taken. The concentrations of essential (Cr, Mn, Fr, Cu, Zn) and nonessential (Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ba) metals were analyzed using the XRF technique. The levels of the analyzed metals were relatively low, typical of nonpolluted areas. However, considering the mass of eroded sediments, the annual load of metals introduced into the sea in this way is significant. In the case of Cu, Zn, and Y the load can amount to a few kilograms, for Cr and Rb – over ten kilograms, for Mn, Sr, and Zr – several tens of kilograms, for toxic Ba – over 100 kg, and in the case of Fe – 4.8 tonnes. During strong winds and storms, when the upper part of a cliff is eroded, especially the load of Zn and Cr entering the sea may increase. The content of Cr, Zr, and Ba in the cliffs was higher compared to marine sediments from the deep accumulation bottom, which indicates that coastal erosion may be an important source of these metals.

20

INNUPS. Technologia usuwania i odzysku metali oraz boru ze ścieków z instalacji mokrego odsiarczania spalin

Nowa Energia

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2022

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nr 3

12--15

PL

PGE Energia Ciepła zmodernizowała w Elektrociepłowni Gdyńskiej układ odsiarczania ścieków z mokrego odsiarczania spalin, rozbudowując go o innowacyjne rozwiązanie, jakim jest instalacja wykonana w technologii INNUPS. Wdrożenie to jest odpowiedzią na potrzebę poszukiwania nowych, niezawodnych i dużo sprawniejszych metod oczyszczania ścieków pochodzących z mokrego odsiarczania spalin.