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1

Spatial differentiation of the level of ecological development of polish voivodeship

Bluszcz Anna, Tobór-Osadnik Katarzyna, Wyganowska Małgorzata, Mansor Nur Suhaili, Awang Hapini

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 191

77--88

EN

Purpose: The aim of the research is the evaluation of the ecological state of development based on statistical data from voivodeships in Poland. Design/methodology/approach: The research uses selected methods of multivariate comparative analysis, in particular, linear ordering. The analysis of the differentiation of the level of ecological development by voivodeships in Poland made it possible to order the provinces according to the indicators that represent the state of the environmental situation. After the process of ordering, the process of grouping voivodeships was possible. The relevant calculations were made using QGIS and Statistica software. Findings: The result of the analysis presents a tree main cluster with similar voivodeships according to ecological situation. Practical implications: The presented methods enable continuous monitoring and control of progress in the implementation of the assumed ecological goals. Green development assessment methods can also help monitor progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals over time. This can help identify trends and patterns and provide feedback on the effectiveness of policies and programs. The results of the analyses may be a useful tool for monitoring and evaluating Poland's progress in achieving the assumed ecological goals of the European Union by 2030. Originality/value: These studies are a very useful tool in identifying the ecological situation and directing administrative activities to the appropriate regions in the country.

2

Analiza dostępności transportu kolejowego na terenie miasta Chorzów

Janowiec Filip, Soboń Mariusz, Kurzydło Michał

Transport Miejski i Regionalny

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2024

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nr 10

3--9

PL

W artykule przedstawiono analizę dostępności pieszej do przystanków i stacji kolejowych na terenie miasta Chorzów, uwzględniając zmiany związane z modernizacją linii kolejowej nr 131. W ramach analizy dokonano charakterystyki poszczególnych kolejowych punktów wymiany podróżnych. Uwzględniono przy tym różne elementy związane z miejscami obsługi pasażerów oraz bezpośrednie ich otoczenie mające wpływ na bezpieczeństwo, komfort oraz sposób przemieszczania się i zachowywania w danej przestrzeni. Na podstawie oceny przestrzennej określonych obszarów możliwe było przeprowadzenie analizy dostępności dla wskazanych punktów odpraw podróżnych. Prace oparto na założeniu, że badania będą porównywać wygląd sieci kolejowej i stacji przed rozpoczęciem przebudowy linii kolejowej nr 131 z jej stanem po zakończeniu modernizacji, kiedy utworzony zostanie docelowy układ stacji i przystanków na terenie Chorzowa. Wyniki analizy dostępności pozwoliły na zaprezentowanie możliwości rozwoju transportu kolejowego, a także przedstawienie propozycji zmian w nowym układzie sieci kolejowej w mieście. Propozycje te dotyczą zarówno istniejących, jak i modernizowanych oraz nowo powstałych stacji/przystanków kolejowych, a także nowych lokalizacji, które mogą przyczynić się do zwiększenia dostępności do transportu kolejowego. Dodatkowo wskazano na inne działania, które warto wdrożyć, aby wpłynąć na popra wę dostępności pieszej do pasażerskiej infrastruktury punktowej.

EN

The article analyses pedestrian accessibility to train stops and stations within the city of Chorzów, taking into account changes related to the modernization of railway line No. 131. The analysis includes short description of train stations and stops. Various elements related to passenger service areas and their immediate surroundings affecting safety, comfort and the way of moving and behaving in space were taken into account. Based on the spatial evaluation of the areas, it was possible to analyse accessibility for passenger service points. The research was based on the assumption that the study would compare the appearance of the rail network and stations before the start of the reconstruction of rail line No. 131 with its condition after the completion of the modernisation, when the target system of train stations and stops in Chorzów will be created. The results of the accessibility analysis made it possible to present opportunities for the improvement of rail transport, as well as to make suggestions for changes in the rail network system in the city. Other improvements that can be made to affect pedestrian accessibility to rail passenger point infrastructure are also indicated.

3

Generating an image of the city structure with the use of mock-ups, 3D models and artificial intelligence on the examples of models of the structure of selected cities of the GZM metropolis

Bradecki Tomasz, Bal Daria, Mól Błażej, Sanigórska Marta

Structure and Environment

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2024

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Vol. 16, no. 4

194--212

EN

Spatial analysis of cities and regions in the field of urban-architectural planning is usually presented in the form of drawings and diagrams. With the development of spatial information and the capabilities of GIS software and the use of database resources, the creation of illustrations of spatial analysis has become more accessible and easier. According to Kevin Lynch’s theory, the image of a city cannot be determined in an automated way, and their identification requires an authorial approach and research. The article presents a series of experiments series, in which an attempt is made to represent the image of the city using mock-ups, 3D models, using augmented reality, as well as artificial intelligence. The authors put forward the thesis that a contemporary, proprietary representation of the city image in the form of models can be an alternative to traditional diagrams representing the basic elements that make up the city image.

PL

Analiza przestrzenna miast i regionów w zakresie planistycznym i urbanistyczno-architektonicznym najczęściej jest przedstawiana w postaci rysunków i schematów, które bazują na podkładach mapowych. Wraz z rozwojem informacji przestrzennej i możliwościami stosowania oprogramowania GIS i wykorzystywaniem zasobów baz danych tworzenie ilustracji analiz przestrzennych stało się bardziej dostępne i łatwiejsze. Według teorii Kevina Lyncha na obraz miasta składają się krawędzie, dominanty, obszary, ścieżki oraz punkty węzłowe, których nie można jednak wyznaczyć w sposób zautomatyzowany, a ich identyfikacja wymaga autorskiego podejścia oraz badań. W artykule przedstawiono serię eksperymentów realizowanych w ramach cyklu modele struktury miasta, w których podjęto próbę reprezentacji obrazu miasta z wykorzystaniem makiet, modeli 3D, z wykorzystaniem rzeczywistości rozszerzonej, a także sztucznej inteligencji. Autorzy stawiają tezę, że współczesne, autorskie przedstawienie obrazu miasta w formie modeli może być alternatywą dla tradycyjnych schematów przedstawiających podstawowe elementy składające się na obraz miasta. Wnioski z badań mogą mieć zastosowania w analizie przestrzennej miast i regionów oraz być wskazówką do rozwoju metod prezentacji ich struktury.

4

Analysis of Ammonia Emissions from Thermal Sludge Treatment Plants

Dobrzański Maciej, Cichowicz Robert

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2024

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Tom 26

716--727

EN

The article presents an analysis of the spatial dispersion of ammonia in the troposphere, emitted from the thermal treatment of sludge from the sewage treatment plant in Łódź. The study aimed to assess the impact of the emitter on the air quality in the nearby single-family housing estate. The results of field measurements of ammonia concentration were compared with computer simulations based on data measured at the emitter. Mobile measuring equipment mounted on a transport platform and an unmanned aerial vehicle was used to conduct field measurements, which were then subjected to analytical processing in ArcGis Pro software. Computer simulation of ammonia dispersion from two 25 m high chimneys was conducted in the OPA03 program. Both field measurements and simulation data showed a negligible impact of the emitter on the ammonia concentration in the air. This is primarily due to the low concentration of emitted ammonia at the chimney outlet and the emitter's location relative to the buildings, considering the dominant wind directions. Field studies have shown that the emission of ammonia in the analyzed area may be to a greater extent caused by the sewage collection station from sewage disposal vehicles and the composting plant, which are located close to the analyzed emitter and the residential area.

5

The spatial development valuation method

Świtalska Alicja

Przestrzeń i Forma

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2024

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nr 59

79--96

EN

The Spatial Development Valuation Method was developed as part of a doctoral dissertation. It is a component of the dissertation, which also encompasses other aspects of spatial development. The Spatial Development Valuation Method assesses the quality of space in a specific area (city, village, or other selected area). It considers factors such as green areas, education, housing conditions, culture, and hazards, selected due to the multifaceted development of urbanized space. This method allows for the evaluation of the overall condition of the area in terms of key aspects relevant to spatial policy and environmental conditions. The method enables the flexible selection of factors based on the needs of the analysis and the comparison of data from different years. It is easy to apply and allows for the assessment of both current and projected development strategies.

PL

Metoda Wartościowania Rozwoju Przestrzennego została opracowana w ramach pracy doktorskiej. Jest ona częścią doktoratu, który obejmuje również inne aspekty rozwoju przestrzennego. Metoda Wartościowania Rozwoju Przestrzennego ocenia jakość przestrzeni na określonym obszarze (miasto, wieś, inny wybrany obszar). Uwzględnia czynniki takie jak zieleń, oświata, warunki mieszkaniowe, kultura i zagrożenia, dobrane ze względu na wieloaspektowy rozwój przestrzeni zurbanizowanej. Dzięki opisywanej metodzie można ocenić ogólną kondycję terenu pod względem kluczowych aspektów dla polityki przestrzennej i uwarunkowań środowiskowych. Metoda pozwala na elastyczny wybór czynników w zależności od potrzeb analizy i porównanie danych z różnych lat. Jest ona łatwa w aplikacji i umożliwia ocenę zarówno obecnych, jak i prognozowanych strategii rozwojowych.

6

Skala projektów elektrowni fotowoltaicznych w Polsce – wstępne badanie geostatystyczne na podstawie bazy OOŚ

Pelczar Szymon

Polish Journal for Sustainable Development

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2024

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T. 28, nr 2

53--62

PL

Moc zainstalowana systemów fotowoltaicznych w Polsce systematycznie wzrasta. Choć w strukturze rodzajów jednostek wytwórczych tego typu dominują mikroinstalacje, to swój udział ustawicznie zwiększają także instalacje wielkoskalowe – elektrownie fotowoltaiczne. Systemy te nie pozostają bez wpływu na środowisko, a ich realizacja niejednokrotnie napotyka konflikty społeczne. Praca miała na celu oszacowanie skali elektrowni fotowoltaicznych w Polsce przy zastosowaniu danych dostępnych w bazie ocen oddziaływania na środowisko (z wykorzystaniem analizy geostatystycznej). Wyniki badania potwierdzają znacząca liczbę planowanych do realizacji elektrowni fotowoltaicznych, przy czym widoczne jest ich zróżnicowanie przestrzenne w skali regionalnej. Ponadto wynik analizy geostatystycznej dowodzi, że najliczniejszą grupę projektów stanowią te o mocy poniżej 20 MW. Pomimo stosunkowo małej liczby projektów o mocy powyżej 50 MW, mogą mieć one istotny wkład pod względem mocy zainstalowanej systemów fotowoltaicznych.

EN

The installed capacity of photovoltaic systems in Poland is steadily increasing. Although micro-installations dominate in the structure of the types of generating units of this type, large-scale installations - photovoltaic power plants - are also steadily increasing their share. These systems are not without environmental impact, and their implementation often encounters social conflicts. The work aimed to estimate the scale of photovoltaic power plants in Poland using data available in the environmental impact assessment database (using geostatistical analysis). The results of the study confirm a significant number of photovoltaic power plants planned to be built, with apparent spatial variation on a regional scale. In addition, the result of the geostatistical analysis proves that the most numerous group of projects are those with a capacity of less than 20 MW. Despite the relatively small number of projects with a capacity of more than 50 MW, they can make a significant contribution in terms of the installed capacity of photovoltaic systems.

7

Mapping of morphological coastline changes based on aerial photographs and Discrete Fourier Transform, Hel Peninsula, Poland

Stachurska Barbara

Oceanologia

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2024

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No. 66 (3)

art. no. 66301

EN

The coast is a dynamic zone where constantly occurring hydrodynamic and morphodynamic processes affect the shape of the shore. The paper presents a method based on spatial and spectral analysis of changes in the coastline position based on data obtained from aerial photographs interpretation and Fourier analysis, on the example of the Hel Peninsula. The Hel Peninsula is one of the most interesting accumulation forms of the Polish Baltic coast, where dynamic changes of the seashore cause the occurrence of time-varying sections of accumulation-abrasion of the coastline. For the purpose of detecting the coastline changes, historical aerial photographs from the years 1947, 1957, 1963, 1991 were used. It was assumed that the over-40-year research period, which includes the obtained series of aerial photographs, would allow for a sufficient study of the long-term shoreline changes, which allow for distinguishing the length of characteristic coastline undulations. The quasi-wave signal of the shoreline changes obtained from the aerial photographs interpretation, after using Fourier analysis, enabled an effective and precise identification of the coastline undulation. The spatial analyses, showed that the Hel Peninsula is clearly divided into a part subjected to accumulation processes and an abraded one. Furthermore, the dynamics of coastline changes was determined, showing that the abrasive processes were intensifying. Moreover, spectral Fourier analysis allowed for the precise identification of coastline undulations with dominant lengths. The obtained results of spatial and spectral analysis indicate that abrasive-accumulation sections with a length of about 0.3–4.5 km dominate on the Hel Peninsula shoreline.

8

Design Criteria for a Cycleway Network Using GIS, Topographic Levelling and Spatial Analysis

Lycourghiotis Sotiris, Crawford Elizabeth Paraskevi

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2024

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Vol. 1, no. 1

247--253

EN

The current need for the creation of cycleways in traditional cities often presents problems. Converting existing roads into cycleways frequently creates serious traffic issues without leading to the expected increase in bicycle use. In order to overcome some of these problems, this paper presents a composite methodology using GIS, topographic levelling and spatial analysis. Upon application of this methodology in a case study in the city of Patras, Greece, problems with the city’s existing, recentlyconstructed cycleway are identified. After applying topographical, qualitative and population criteria, an alternative network of cycleways is proposed. This proposed new network does not create traffic congestion, as the basic criterion for selecting roads is their low traffic load. At the same time, topographic leveling is employed to select routes with a very low gradient (<2%), which is a determining factor in making the network attractive to users. Using spatial analysis, the network is spread in order to serve all areas of the city, making it available to the vast majority of residents. Finally, the findings of a social research poll (through the use of a questionnaire) indicate that the creation of such a network could increase bicycle use by a factor of up to18, which would make bicycles the main mode of transport for 22% of residents.

9

Spatial analyses as support for road real estate management processes – case study on the paid parking zone in Krakow

Brzozowska Anna, Mazela Katarzyna

GIS Odyssey Journal

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2024

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Vol. 4, no. 2

27--50

EN

The implementation of paid parking zones is one of the tools used to regulate parking policy in modern cities. This is primarily aimed at increasing vehicle turnover and encouraging residents to use alternative modes of transportation in their daily travels. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of extensions to Krakow's paid parking zone on traffic calming in its center, and to see if there is a chance to give back the downtown exclusively to pedestrians and micromobility users. The study was carried out in three stages, using GIS tools, including: an analysis of the widening of Krakow's paid parking zone, an assessment of the degree of traffic calming in the center based on a comparison of available environmental noise immission maps, and an analysis of the Park and Ride system as a tool to support the reduction of vehicular traffic in the city center, along with proposed directions for its development. The final results of this research are maps representing: an analysis of the surface changes of the paid parking zone, the difference in the level of noise immission in 2012 and 2017 in Krakow, as well as time and distance analyses made for existing and designed parking lots in the Park and Ride system.

10

Multivariate spatial analysis of groundwater quality using copulas

Birjandi Vahid, Tabatabaei Sayyed-Hassan, Mastouri Reza, Mazaheri Hossein, Mirabbasi Rasoul

Acta Geophysica

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2024

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Vol. 72, no. 2

1113--1125

EN

The quality and quantity of groundwater resources are often assessed by sampling a limited number of wells drilled sparsely across a plain. So far, various methods have been developed for assessing and modeling groundwater quality, each of which has its capabilities and limitations. In the present study, the copula functions were applied to multivariate analysis of groundwater quality variables (including SAR, K, Mg, Na, Ca, Cl, EC, pH, TDS, SO4, TH and HCO3) in Shahrekord plain, Iran. For this purpose, the quality data from 24 wells distributed across the Shahrekord plain during the period of 1990-2020 were used. For bivariate analyses of groundwater quality, first the fitness of some common distributions in hydrology were examined to the quality variables and the appropriate marginal distribution was determined by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (K-S). The results revealed that the Generalized Extreme Value distribution has an acceptable fitness on groundwater quality variables of Shahrekord plain. The results of correlation analysis indicated that the highest correlation based on Spearman Rho, Kendall Tau and Pearson correlation coefficient is related to the paired variables of SAR-Na and EC-TDS with correlation coefficient greater than 0.9. Therefore, these variables were selected for further analysis. In the next step, bivariate distribution of two different quality variables in a well (point analysis) and also bivariate distribution of a quality variable in two different wells (inter-well analysis) were created using copula functions. To do this, the fitness of different copulas (including Plackett, Joe, Clayton, Frank, Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern, Ali-Mikhail-Haq, Gumbel, Gumbel-Hougaard, Gumbel-Barnett, Philip-Gumbel and Galambos) was tested to construct a bivariate distribution of quality variables. For choosing the best fitted copula on studied paired variables, the theoretical copula values was compared with the corresponding values of empirical copula based on the goodness of fit criteria. Based on the results of point analysis, the Joe copula function was chosen as the best fitted copula function for multivariate analysis of two quality variables in a well. For inter-well analysis (IWA), the Clayton copula function was selected for creating bivariate distribution of a quality variable in two different wells. Comparing the performance of the proposed IWA method with geostatistical methods showed that in addition to the IWA method having acceptable accuracy, it has a higher efficiency than geostatistical methods, especially in areas where the number of sampling wells is less.

11

Research and applications of artificial neural networks in spatial analysis: Review

Garczyńska Ilona

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2023

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nr 74 (146)

35--45

EN

The conducted review presents the possibility of using artificial neural networks in sectors related to environmental protection, agriculture, forestry, land uses, groundwater and bathymetric. Today there is a lot of research in these areas with different research methodologies. The result is the improvement of decision-making processes, design, and prediction of certain events that, with appropriate intervention, can prevent severe consequences for society. The review shows the capabilities to optimize and automate the processes of modeling urban and land dynamics. It examines the forecasts of assessment of the damage caused by natural phenomena. Detection of environmental changes via the analysis of certain time intervals and classification of objects on the basis of different images is presented. The practical aspects of this work include the ability to choose the correct artificial neural network model depending on the complexity of the problem. This factor is a novel element since previously reviewed articles did not encounter a study of the correlation between the chosen model or algorithm, depending on the use case or area of the problem. This article seeks to outline the reason for the interest in artificial intelligence. Its purpose is to find answers to the following questions: How can artificial neural networks be used for spatial analysis? What does the implementation of detailed algorithms depend on? It is proved that an artificial intelligence approach can be an effective and powerful tool in various domains where spatial aspects are important.

12

Ocena pracy żelbetowej konstrukcji podziemnego zbiornika na wodę

Drobiec Łukasz, Recha Faustyn

Przegląd Budowlany

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2023

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R. 94, nr 3-4

39--46

PL

W pracy opisano przebieg nieniszczących badań konstrukcji podziemnego zbiornika na wodę oraz przeprowadzono analizę statyczno-wytrzymałościową. W zakres wykonanych prac wchodziła pełna inwentaryzacja obiektu, badania nieniszczące ścian i stropu zbiornika oraz analiza numeryczna pracy całego obiektu z wykorzystaniem programu opartego na MES. Określono możliwość dalszego użytkowania zbiornika.

EN

The paper describes the course of non-destructive testing of the structure of the underground water tank and the static and strength analysis performed. The scope of work included a full inventory of the facility, non-destructive testing of the walls and ceiling of the tank, and numerical analysis of the operation of the entire facility using a program based on MES. The possibility of further use of the tank was determined.

13

Role of Geographic Information Systems in analysing the selection of cichociemni drop zones based on a case study of the "Mewa 1" drop zone

Polończyk Agnieszka, Lupa Michał, Leśniak Andrzej

Polish Cartographical Review

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2023

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Vol. 55, No. 1

87--110

EN

The article discusses the possible use of GIS tools in detailed spatial analysis of materials and old maps showing the activities of Polish soldiers during World War II. The research was based on information regarding the military operations of the “Silent and Unseen” paratroopers (in Polish: cichociemni) in the General Government (GG), available in the archives of the Polish Underground Movement Study Trust (in Polish: Studium Polski Podziemnej) in London, as well as on prewar maps of the Polish Military Geographical Institute (in Polish: Wojskowy Instytut Geograficzny – WIG). The authors present the historical background to, and important details of the cichociemni airdrops. They also describe how these operations were organised and suitable airdrop sites selected. The main part of the article is devoted to an analysis and assessment of the extent to which selected drop sites of the cichociemni complied with the criteria contained in the instructions of the Staff of the Commander-in-Chief in London (in Polish: Sztab Naczelnego Wodza w Londynie). The article presents a case study of the “Mewa 1” drop zone located in the GG. The authors used calibrated WIG maps, which they then converted into vector versions. They also made use of modern DTM and a slope map created on its basis. All the criteria for selecting drop zones included in the historical instructions were analysed. Based on the example of the drop zone in question, as well as on the authors’ own spatial analyses, it was concluded that this particular drop zone met some of the criteria formulated in the guidelines of the Commander-in-Chief’s Staff, but only partially met others or failed to meet them at all. In addition, the authors noted a number of limitations regarding these criteria. For example, they did not take into account the locations of the occupiers’ garrisons or anti-aircraft positions, which are particularly important for the success of airdrop operations. The analyses and the results thereof constitute the first study of the armed operations of the cichociemni in GG areas using digital maps and spatial analyses based on GIS.

14

GIS and geodata contribution to the cartographic modelling of blue-green infrastructure in urbanised areas

Czyża Szymon, Kowalczyk Anna M.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 59

183--194

EN

The development of cities and peri-urban areas is exerting an increasingly strong impact on the natural environment and, at the same time, on the living conditions and health of people. Problems and challenges that need to be addressed include increasing air pollution in these areas, formation of a surface urban heat island (SUHI), water management disruptions (water scarcity or excess), and the destruction of natural habitats. One of the solutions that contributes to climate change mitigation is the introduction of blue-green infrastructure into the city space and urbanised areas. The research objective was to identify spatial features (geodata) that determine the optimum location of selected blue-green infrastructure (BGI) components, acquire them, and then use the Geographical Information System (GIS) to determine their optimum locations. As the first step, cartographic models were developed which indicated areas that enable the development of selected blue-green infrastructure components in the Olsztyn city area, Warmińsko-Mazurskie Province, Poland. The models were juxtaposed with other two models developed by the authors, i.e. a surface urban heat island model and a demographic model that showed the age structure of the city’s population. Consequently, maps with potential locations for the blue-green infrastructure were developed, while taking into account reference data from the National Land Surveying and Cartographic Resource and Landsat 8 images. Keywords: blue-green infrastructure, drainage system, GIS, Landsat 8 images, map, reference databases, retention, spatial analysis

15

Spatial analysis of the impact of motor vehicle fires on the urban environment using the example of Warsaw

Szewczyński Krystian

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2023

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Vol. 16, no. 3

181--191

EN

This scientific article is dedicated to the analysis of the impact of vehicle fires on the urban environment. In the context of the dynamic processes of urbanization and societal mobilization, understanding the consequences of vehicle fires becomes exceedingly important for ensuring sustainable urban development and improving residents’ quality of life. The article presents the results of spatial analyses of vehicle fires that occurred within the Warsaw area between 2010 and 2021. In the analytical section, an attempt was made to identify the parts of the city where residents were most exposed to the emission of toxic substances. According to the presented calculations, almost 3 tons of toxic substances are released into the atmosphere every year as a result of vehicle fires in Warsaw. The article also provides information about the materials used in motor vehicles and assesses their environmental impact through the emission of hazardous substances in the event of a vehicle fire. Proposed changes that could minimize the number of vehicle fires in the future are also indicated in the article, thereby contributing to increased road safety levels in the city and positively influencing the environment.

16

The classification of railway stops and stations in terms of land use structure in their surroundings

Soczówka Piotr, Żochowska Renata

Transport Problems

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2022

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T. 17, z. 1

175--186

EN

Ensuring the high accessibility of railway stops and stations is essential to effective transport systems in urban areas. There are different ways to analyze accessibility at the station level. In this paper, it has been assumed that railway stops and stations should be located in places with significant demand for passenger rail transport characterized by a highly dense and diversity-rich land use structure. Therefore, the presented classification uses data on the built environment in the surroundings of these elements of the railway infrastructure, with particular attention to the type of each building. The analysis was performed for the Metropolis GZM area. Based on the gathered spatial data, railway stops and stations in the aspect of the density and diversity of the built environment in their vicinity were classified. This classification can be applied to the assessment of accessibility.

17

Equity of transit need in Baghdad City

Asmael Noor M., Waheed Mohanned Q.

Transport Problems

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2022

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T. 17, z. 1

29--37

EN

Public transportation plays a significant role in urban areas, transporting a large percentage of people. There is no existing study dealing with the balance between transportation demand and supply in Baghdad city; thus, there is a need to assess service equity before implementing any major services. The aim of the present research is to study the equity of transit need. The methodology uses geographic information systems (GISs) and spatial multi-criteria analysis to determine equity. Nine criteria were used in this study (land use, population density, commercial activities, medical locations, bus stops walkability, educational activities, bus terminal, and income) to determine a transit need map. Expert opinion surveys are conducted to determine pairwise comparisons between these criteria to estimate the weight of each criterion. Spatial analysis in ArcGIS 10.8 is utilized to apply methodology. The transit need map is obtained, and the need for transit service is represented by a value for each cell. In addition, the map output is important to public transit planning, as it maximizes the optimal transit route selection depending on the transit need. The output of this study (a transit need map) represents a powerful tool for the decision-makers to prioritize transportation programs and ranking alternatives. Gap analysis is used to measure equity between various zones. The results show that the transit supply provides higher service coverages in the Central Business District (CBD) and decreases as the distance to CBD increases.

18

False Alarms in the Decision Support System of the State Fire Service

Marzec Marek, Kuskowski Jacek

Safety & Fire Technology

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2022

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Vol. 60, iss. 2

134--145

EN

Aim: The aim of the article is to analyse the recording of false alarm cases using the Decision Support System of the State Fire Service (SWD PSP) in terms of certain requirements for a firefighter creating information from an incident. The cases under consideration belong to one of the types of incidents involving fire protection units. Introduction: Since 1993, when PSP began recording incidents using a database system, the scope of information on false alarms has not changed. To this day, in the incident sheet constituting Annex No. 5 to the regulation on the detailed organization of the national rescue and firefighting system, there is no false alarm as a separate type of incident apart from fire and local emergency. A detailed analysis of the data on false alarms was created in connection with the need to prepare a speech by representatives of KG PSP during a scientific conference organized by CNBOP-PIB entitled “False alarms generated by fire alarm systems”. The authors did not limit themselves to the analysis of alarms from detection installations, and the material was expanded to include a spatial analysis of the occurrence of such events. Methodology: The results of the authors’ own analyses performed on the basis of data collected in SWD PSP and software from the geographic information systems (GIS) were used. In their deliberations, the authors also relied on years of experience in creating and revising the rules for recording incidents in SWD PSP and building a new information system for fire protection units. Conclusions: The scope of data collected by PSP on false alarms is insufficient to carry out accurate and thorough analyses, particularly with regard to the causes of occurrence, detailed information about the facility (site of the incident) and the equipment of buildings with fire alarm systems and others that facilitate or hinder the activities of fire protection units. There is an urgent need to expand the minimum scope of data needed to be recorded in PSP databases. The presented analytical results also indicate that there is insufficient distinction between a local emergency and a false alarm. The upcoming revision of the rules for recording events is expected to include provisions that should improve the quality of data. However, a more detailed analysis will be possible only after the implementation of the newly built SWD PSP, including, among other things, an operational module of the object catalogue.

PL

Cel: Celem artykułu jest analiza ewidencjonowania przypadków alarmów fałszywych za pomocą Systemu Wspomagania Decyzji Państwowej Straży Pożarnej (SWD PSP) pod kątem określonych wymagań wobec strażaka tworzącego informację ze zdarzenia. Rozpatrywane przypadki należą do jednego z rodzajów zdarzeń, w których uczestniczą jednostki ochrony przeciwpożarowej. Wprowadzenie: Od 1993 roku, kiedy rozpoczęto w PSP ewidencjonowanie zdarzeń za pomocą systemu bazodanowego, zakres informacji dotyczących alarmów fałszywych nie uległ zmianie. Do dzisiaj w formatce ze zdarzenia stanowiącej załącznik nr 5 do rozporządzenia w sprawie szczegółowej organizacji krajowego systemu ratowniczo-gaśniczego brak jest alarmu fałszywego jako odrębnego rodzaju zdarzenia poza pożarem i miejscowym zagrożeniem. Szczegółowa analiza danych dotyczących alarmów fałszywych powstała w związku z potrzebą przygotowania wystąpienia przedstawicieli KG PSP podczas konferencji naukowej organizowanej przez CNBOP-PIB pt. „Fałszywe alarmy generowane przez systemu sygnalizacji pożarowej”. Autorzy nie ograniczyli się tylko do analizy alarmów z instalacji wykrywania, a materiał został rozszerzony o analizę przestrzenną występowania tego rodzaju zdarzeń. Metodologia: Wykorzystano wyniki własnych analiz autorów wykonanych na podstawie danych zgromadzonych w SWD PSP oraz oprogramowanie z zakresu systemów informacji geograficznej (GIS). W swoich rozważaniach autorzy opierali się również na wieloletnim doświadczeniu przy tworzeniu i nowelizowaniu zasad ewidencjonowania zdarzeń w SWD PSP oraz budowie nowego systemu informatycznego dla jednostek ochrony przeciwpożarowej. Wnioski: Zakres danych gromadzonych przez PSP w zakresie alarmów fałszywych jest niewystarczający do przeprowadzenia dokładnych i wnikliwych analiz, w szczególności w zakresie przyczyn wystąpienia, szczegółowych informacji o obiekcie (miejscu zdarzenia) oraz wyposażeniu budynków w systemy sygnalizacji pożarowej oraz inne ułatwiające lub utrudniające prowadzenie działań jednostkom ochrony przeciwpożarowej. Istnieje pilna potrzeba rozbudowania minimalnego zakresu danych niezbędnych do ewidencjonowania w bazach danych PSP. Przedstawione wyniki analiz wskazują również na niedostateczne rozgraniczenie pomiędzy miejscowym zagrożeniem a alarmem fałszywym. Najbliższa nowelizacja zasad ewidencjonowania zdarzeń ma zawierać zapisy, które powinny poprawić jakość danych. Dokładniejsza analiza będzie jednak możliwa dopiero po wdrożeniu nowobudowanego SWD PSP, uwzględniającego między innymi moduł operacyjnego katalogu obiektów.

19

Zagrożenia obiektów budowlanych i infrastruktury komunikacyjnej na tle rozmieszczenia osuwisk w jednostkach administracyjnych Sudetów

Sikora Rafał

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2022

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Vol. 70, nr 9

636--644

EN

The paper presents the results of research on the landslide distribution according to the administrativ subdivision of the Sudetes (SW Poland). It is the first comprehensive analysis of this problem for the Polish part of the Sudetes, which is based on the published data, cartographic materials and spatial databases. The index of landslide occurrence for each county has been calculated, and the number and types of buildings and roads located on landslides have been distinguished. The results were used for preliminary identification of hazards, which, in turn, provide information for the county governments, on various levels, useful for spatial planning and practical risk management.

20

Analysis of the level of prices and number of transactions, and their dynamics on the housing real estate market – a case study in Katowice

Siejka Monika Maria, Słomiany Konrad, Górak Mariusz

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2022

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no. 1

25--39

EN

The development of the real estate market necessitates a continuous need for analyses regarding the distribution of the number of transactions and level of transaction prices of real estate. This information is important for many market participants, such as investors, property owners, creditors, developers, as well as state and local government administration (for fiscal reasons). Transaction price data are systematically collected by administration units and are generally available to citizens. However, prices themselves do not provide sufficient information for the average user. Only when combined with geospatial data, they constitute complete and userexpected information. This publication analyses the distribution of unit transaction prices and the number of housing real estate transactions in the city of Katowice. A publicly available QGIS programme was used for the analysis. The results of the research proved the usefulness of the methodology used. Using the Voronoi diagram, the spatial distribution of the number of transactions in the studied area was presented. Using the methods of graphical data visualisation, the distribution of transaction prices in individual plats and the change in the distribution of transaction prices depending on the distance from the city centre were presented. In the case of the number of concluded transactions, plat 2 dominates, both on the primary and secondary market. In addition, in both cases, 2019 was the year with the most activity. Whereas, the highest transaction prices were recorded in 2020. In secondary trading, it was plat 14, and in primary trading – plat 3. The last year of the analysis is the period in which there was a large jump in prices, with a decrease in the number of transactions.

PL

Rozwój rynku nieruchomości wymusza ciągłą potrzebę prowadzenia analiz dotyczących rozkładu liczby transakcji i poziomu cen transakcyjnych nieruchomości. Informacje te są istotne dla wielu uczestników rynku jakimi są np. inwestorzy, właściciele nieruchomości, kredytodawcy, deweloperzy, a także administracja państwowa i samorządowa (ze względów fiskalnych). Dane dotyczące cen transakcyjnych są systematycznie gromadzone przez jednostki administracji i powszechnie dostępne dla obywateli. Jednak, ceny same w sobie, nie stanowią wystarczającej informacji dla przeciętnego użytkownika. Dopiero po ich połączeniu z danymi geoprzestrzennymi, stanowią pełną i oczekiwaną przez użytkownika informację. W niniejszej publikacji przeprowadzono analizę rozkładu jednostkowych cen transakcyjnych oraz liczby transakcji nieruchomości lokalowych o charakterze mieszkalnym, na obszarze miasta Katowice. Do analizy wykorzystano ogólnodostępny program QGIS. Wyniki badań dowiodły użyteczności zastosowanej metodyki. Wykorzystując poligony Woronoja przedstawiono przestrzenny rozkład liczby transakcji na badanym obszarze. Wykorzystując metody graficznej wizualizacji danych przestawiono rozkład cen transakcyjnych w poszczególnych obrębach ewidencyjnych oraz zmianę rozkładu cen transakcyjnych w zależności od odległości od centrum miasta. W przypadku liczby zawartych transakcji dominuje obręb 2, zarówno na rynku pierwotnym jak i wtórnym. Ponadto w obydwu przypadkach najbardziej aktywny był rok 2019. Natomiast najwyższe ceny transakcyjne zanotowano w 2020 roku. W obrocie wtórnym był to obręb 14, a w obrocie pierwotnym obręb 3. Ostatni rok analizy jest okresem w którym nastąpił duży skokowy wzrost cen, przy spadku liczby transakcji.