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EN
Purpose The article aims to present a proposal and discuss the Green Kaizen Model, which is focused on integrated development, ensuring cost reduction and fulfilling the requirements of all the organisation’s interested parties. Design/methodology/approach The authors have prepared and presented the Green Kaizen Model in the study. Its effectiveness has been confirmed in the balanced development of the DPF production process. Findings The development of the model, based on the multiannual experience of the automotive-oriented organisation and its systemic application, has confirmed that its implementation brings measurable benefits in the range of limiting the environmental aspects. Practical implications The paper should be of special attention to engineers interested in applying Green Kaizen and recycling materials databases to develop processes. Originality/value The value of the presented paper is constituted by the Green Kaizen Model. The proposed model may create a complex tool for improving the costs and quality range processes and be dedicated to sustainable development.
EN
The paper mainly aims to characterise project management (PM) practices of industrial Lean initiatives by analysing and comparing three main topics: PM approaches, PM teams, and project alignment with the company’s strategy. This research encompasses two exploratory industrial case studies with an extensive literature review. Key professionals were interviewed to obtain an in-depth vision of the field. The study results allowed characterising project management practices of industrial Lean initiatives in industrial companies based on the following dimensions: 1. Understand the needs; 2. Find a suitable team; 3. Use visual tools; 4. Apply a continuous improvement (CI) approach; 5. Identify KPIs for the context; 6. Get support from the top management. This work fills a gap related to studying the PM practices applied during the implementation of Lean initiatives, proposing a schematic representation of PM variables and actors in industrial Lean initiatives. Identifying the main variables and actors that industrial companies use to develop Lean initiatives can be insightful for Lean practitioners in the context of project management.
EN
Objective: The aim of this article is to analyze and evaluate the introduction of selected Lean Manufacturing tools into the management of a given enterprise, the task of which is to increase the efficiency of the machine park and improve the quality of finished products. The introduced changes are also expected to increase the detectability of waste, avoid unnecessary stopping of machines and unplanned stoppages. Design/methodology/approach: As part of the research, the internal materials of the surveyed company were analyzed and free interviews with employees and specialists of the plant were conducted. An efficiency analysis of the production process was carried out. Findings: In order for the improvement of technical progress to function well, the requirement of an appropriate technical condition and the course of technical progress. The entire process flow of the product should be analyzed. Research limitations/implications: Subjectivity of the analysis thanks to the use of a qualitative approach in research. Future research may be related to creating a mentoring program in the area of interest. Practical implications: The results of the study can be used as input data for the design of training programs in the study area. Social implications: The concept of lean manufacturing is a tool for constant changes that can be observed both in the modern economy and in society. They require dynamic flexibility from entrepreneurs and looking for solutions that can optimize production processes. The concept includes a slogan such as corporate social responsibility, which grew out of sustainable development. It is prioritized by managers of various companies. Therefore, this work deals with the subject of Lean Management as an instrument of responsible business. Originality/value: This article is addressed mainly to companies that want to implement and improve Lean Manufacturing tools. It shows how companies can improve selected areas of production.
PL
Przedsiębiorstwa funkcjonujące obecnie w dobie dynamicznie rozwijających się rynków, również w branży włókienniczej, stoją przed ciągłymi wyzwaniami wymagającymi od nich coraz większej świadomości zarządzania. Coraz większego znaczenia nabiera nie tylko trafność podejmowanych decyzji, ale i czas oraz koszt działania. Istnieją narzędzia dostępne dla menedżerów, wśród nich normy międzynarodowe, oparte o podejście procesowe i cykl PDCA, które w znaczącym stopniu pozwalają im na takie zarządzanie organizacją, które ukierunkowane będzie na ciągłe doskonalenie oraz osiąganie założonych wyników finansowych i jakościowych poprzez spełnianie oczekiwań swoich klientów.
EN
Companies currently operating in the era of dynamically developing markets, also in the textile industry, face constant challenges requiring them to be more and more aware of management. Not only the accuracy of the decisions made, but also the time and cost of action are becoming more and more important. There are tools available to managers, including international standards, based on the process approach and the PDCA cycle, which to a large extent allow them to manage the organization in such a way that will be focused on continuous improvement and achieving the assumed financial and quality results by meeting the expectations of their clients.
EN
Purpose: Nowadays businesses concentrate on the highest efficiency and lowest waste, that’s why some organizations implement Lean Six Sigma as a complete package of adapted tools. This article evaluates the implementation of the Lean Six Sigma method. Design/methodology/approach: The case study presents an approach and project scheme adjusted by Global Supply Chain Manufacturer. This paper shows the results of the LSS method implementation in the internal and 3rd Party Logistics distribution center. Findings: This warehouse process improvement method uses tools like ECRS for process map, Cause-and-Effect Diagram, 5Why&1How analysis, Spaghetti Diagram, Flow Process Analysis sheet, and Action Plan. Practical implications: This article evaluates three logistics processes in two distribution centers where LSS has been applied: handling process and twice picking process. Results provide enhanced process and saving for owned DC (0,8m€) and lower rates in 3P DC (saving 2m€). Originality/value: Project was so satisfactory for the corporation that it developed global online training. The case company represents a significant source of information to gain understandings of the effects of implementing LSS in warehousing services.
EN
Global population growth and rampant urbanization have led to the accelerated development of large cities, which are themselves rapidly affected by a sudden increase in transport demand, or even a disruption of the daily concerns of citizens and the economic growth of the country. Currently, management of urban transport is a major issue in terms of the quality of life for citizens and the economic, social and cultural competition between the different cities. In many parts of the country, cities are booming, which has caused a major disruption in traffic. In spite of investments and development on urban layout, planning and development of means of transport in many cities of the country are faced with problems of massive influx of users, traffic jams, congestion, traffic accidents, and air and noise pollution. However, it should be mentioned that the problems are not identical and each city has its own specificities. The proposed working methodology is based on the identification of the problems in the field reported in the various national media and newspapers, grouped into five groups mentioned in the working approach. These are the black spots recorded in some wilayas of the republic, especially the big cities (Algiers, Constantine, Setif ...). Knowledge of the magnitude of the factors present on the ground makes it possible to have an overview of the malfunctions, or even perform « mapping of the black spots» to better choose the best directions to take. Thus, this study aims to highlight some of the urban transport problems encountered in certain Algerian cities and to then suggest possible solutions, or even identify actions to be undertaken on a priority basis currently and in the future.
EN
Providing clients with public services that will meet their needs and expectations requires not only testing their satisfaction. In order to better improve service processes in the context of customer orientation, customer experiences should be identified and taken into account in the process of continuous improvement. A tool that can be used for this purpose is Customer Journey Mapping (CJM). The purpose of this article is to lay the foundations for a better understanding of customer experience mapping in public services, and to identify and evaluate examples of its use in the public sector. The first part of the study characterizes the client and his experience in public services. Then the results of a literature review on the use of CJM in public services are presented. The last part summarizes the results obtained and sets the directions for future research.
PL
Zapewnienie klientom usług publicznych, które będą spełniały ich potrzeby i oczekiwania wymaga nie tylko badania ich satysfakcji. Aby lepiej usprawniać procesy usługowe w kontekście orientacji na klienta powinno się identyfikować doświadczenia klientów i uwzględniać je w procesie ciągłego doskonalenia. Narzędziem, które można wykorzystać do tego celu jest mapowanie podróży klienta (CJM). Celem artykułu jest stworzenie podstaw dla lepszego zrozumienia problematyki mapowania doświadczeń klientów w usługach publicznych oraz identyfikacja i ocena przykładów zastosowania tego narzędzia w sektorze publicznym. W pierwszej części opracowania scharakteryzowano klienta i jego doświadczenia w usługach publicznych. Następnie przedstawiono wyniki przeglądu literatury dotyczącego wykorzystania CJM w usługach publicznych. W ostatniej części podsumowano uzyskane wyniki oraz określono kierunki przyszłych badań.
EN
This paper exposes the difficulties in integrating “Industry 4.0 Practices” and “World- Class Manufacturing” due to the rapid expansion of production systems and the increasingly complex data monitoring. The applied methodology was to study multiple cases with the aid of a semi-structured questionnaire. The analysis comprised responses of 15 large companies with different expertise from five countries and three continents. The results show that when a company’s strategy is linked to Industry 4.0 practices and the World-Class Manufacturing method, they boost productivity by monitoring the shop floor, applying analytical tools, and spreading the organisational culture aimed at improving processes. The results also indicate that human resources are essential in this integration. The conclusion indicates robust barriers to the increasing progress of these procedures, such as the costs associated with the use of technologies, the lack of knowledge of the applied methods and tools, the lack of trained and qualified human resources, and the resistance of people to the use and application of the newly adopted practices. The continuous improvement practices do not keep up with the speed of development that the Industry 4.0 practices propose, requiring studies directed to “World-Class Manufacturing” and “Industry 4.0 practices”. Although there is a coexistence of improvement and innovation in world-class manufacturers, the literature has not yet provided a complete understanding of how this coexistence can be achieved at the manufacturing level. Therefore, the paper presents the main actions to overcome these barriers.
EN
This paper addresses the importance of the development of maritime safety culture, in terms of sustainable shipping through continuous improvement of the safety management system (SMS) that enables a shipping company’s personnel to effectively implement the company’s safety and environmental policy. The main aim of the International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention (International Safety Management Code – ISM Code), which was adopted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and became mandatory, by virtue of its entry into force on the 1st of July 1998, in SOLAS Chapter IX on the Management for Safe Operation of Ships, is to provide an international standard for the safe management and operation of ships as well as pollution prevention. Thus, compliance with the ISM Code and its effective enforcement is necessary to ensure adequate standards of safety and pollution prevention. The purpose of this paper is to show that the internationally unified legal measures that have been developed under the IMO in the ISM Code are an instrumental consequence of maritime safety values, and allow them to be achieved in practice. The result of this research is the justification of the thesis concerning the need to create a safety culture as a condition for sustainable shipping, including the safe operation of ships in the environment.
EN
World Class Manufacturing system consists of ten technical and ten managerial pillars. These, impacting directly and indirectly on each other, generate the flow of internal processes. Two of the mentioned pillars, Early Product Management (EPM) and Cost Deployment (CD) play a special role in the system, because they create a future strategic management of a company influencing design engineering, manufacturing and economy [1, 2]. Referring to the author’s previous publications on Early Product Management methodology [3, 4], the role of Cost Deployment pillar in the new product launch remains an important issue. Additionally, there is a noticeable lack of publications in this specific field of the WCM system. Therefore, a proper understanding of the relationship between these two technical pillars is the basis for effective project management for the implementation of new products. In this article, the correlation between EPM and CD will be highlighted whereas some critical remarks will be indicated. The main part of the article will describe: the current approach to project management according to the standards set by the WCM system and recommended improvements originated from EPM and CD pillars. The quality scientific methods used in this article are based on a case study of internal processes in an international plant specializing in agriculture machinery production and include elements of direct observation and theoretical analysis and synthesis. This paper refers to the presented issues in practical terms on the example of the methodology of managing of new launch product projects in terms of cost management. The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the problem of the cost factor generated during the design phase and early implementation of the new product into production, which will enable effective cost management of new implementation projects.
EN
Organizations employ process standardization to reduce process variability and to ensure customer satisfaction. However, excessive standardization may hinder company competitiveness due to the lack of an ability to meet varying customer needs. There is a dearth of research regarding the impact of standardization on customer satisfaction as well as the organizational practices that can potentially foster this relationship. The present research proposes an alternative approach to understanding the practices that foster standardization in organizations: the research builds upon the notion of the closeness of process standardization and continuous improvement, and further proposes the framework of the standardization - customer satisfaction relationship within the wider network of organizational practices. The present study is one of the few attempts in the current literature to frame process standardization within the wider context of the continuous improvement process in the organization and thus makes a theoretical contribution to the advancement of the scant field of knowledge on process standardization in the areas of quality engineering and production systems management.
PL
Organizacje stosują standaryzację procesów, aby zmniejszyć zmienność procesów i zapewnić zadowolenie klientów. Jednak nadmierna standaryzacja może utrudnić konkurencyjność firmy ze względu na brak możliwości zaspokojenia zróżnicowanych potrzeb klientów. Brak jest badań dotyczących wpływu standaryzacji na zadowolenie klienta, a także praktyk organizacyjnych, które mogą potencjalnie wspierać tę relację. Niniejsze badanie proponuje alternatywne podejście do zrozumienia praktyk, które sprzyjają standaryzacji w organizacjach: badanie opiera się na pojęciu bliskości normalizacji procesu i ciągłego doskonalenia, a ponadto proponuje ramy standaryzacji - relacje satysfakcji klienta w ramach szerszej sieci praktyk organizacyjnych. Niniejsze badanie jest jedną z nielicznych prób w obecnej literaturze, aby ujednolicić proces normalizacji w ramach szerszego procesu ciągłego doskonalenia w organizacji, a zatem stanowi teoretyczny wkład w rozwój niewielkiej dziedziny wiedzy dotyczącej standaryzacji procesu.
EN
Research related to the check of the use of improvement tools in small and medium-sized companies in construction sector are not so popular and not many researchers take up the topic. Article presents the survey results on group of 217 small medium-sized enterprises regarding Lean Management method use, knowledge and efficiency assessment. Presented results showed among others that there is a need for smaller companies to focus on gaining actual knowledge about new management methods that could improve their efficiency and workflow, and that there is still place for further examination of Lean Management introduction especially in construction sector.
EN
Lean has established itself as the primordial approach to obtain operational excellence. Its simple and intuitive techniques focus on reducing lead time through continuous improvement, involving all levels of employees in the organization. However, the rate of successful implementations has remained low. This paper contributes to the understanding of continuous improvement in a Lean context, by analyzing a database of almost 10.000 improvement actions, from 85 companies, covering the time frame 2010–2018. It discusses categories of actions, their impact and cost, as well as key characteristics of the companies. It proposes an objective criterion to identify “success” and “failure” in Lean implementation and tries to link these to operational results. It is probably the first time an analysis of this magnitude on the subject has been performed.
EN
Six Sigma as the continuation of comprehensive quality management TQM is of interest to many enterprises. Unfortunately, not everybody successfully implements quality improvement projects using Six Sigma tools. This approach requires proper preparation in many areas of the company’s operation, including: organization of processes, establishing measures, employee engagement and creating conditions for continuous improvement. The goal of the article is to present on the case study the idea of using the organizational maturity model for production management to assess a readiness of organization to implement Six Sigma. The case study presents a company maturity level diagnosis and a successful project of quality and productivity improvement using the Six Sigma concept, confirming that the organization’s maturity model is the appropriate tool for assessing multi-faceted preparation for successful implementation of Six Sigma projects.
EN
The aim of this paper is to carry out a SWOT-TOWS analysis for a service enterprises - the chosen cinema. The SWOT analysis may be useful planning tool of process improvement based on PDCA cycle that is an interative, four- stage approach for continually improving. The article contains precise diagnosis of internal and external environment of the chosen service enterprise and the choice of the most matching strategy that could maximize strength, reduce weaknesses, take advantages of opportunities or minimize threats.
PL
Continuous Improvement jest koncepcją uznawaną w literaturze i praktyce zarządzania za niezbędną w dzisiejszym środowisku biznesowym. Artykuł dotyczy analizy znaczenia i miejsca zarządzania projektami w realizacji założeń ciągłego doskonalenia w organizacjach. W pierwszej części artykułu zaprezentowano wnioski wynikające z analizy literaturowej dotyczącej projektów doskonalących a następnie przedstawiono wyniki badań empirycznych przeprowadzonych w dużym przedsiębiorstwie produkcyjnym. Badanie oparte o studium przypadku pozwoliło na charakterystykę realizowanych projektów oraz identyfikację czynników sprzyjających i utrudniających osiąganie ich celów.
EN
Continuous Improvement is a concept recognized in literature and management practice as essential in today's business environment. The article deals with the analysis of the importance and placement of project management in the implementation of the assumption of Continuous Improvement in manufacturing companies. The first part of the article presents the conclusions resulting from the literature review of the improvement projects implementation and then presents the results of empirical research carried out in the large production company. A case study has allowed the characteristics of the realized projects and identification of factors that are conducive to and obstructive to the achievements of their objectives.
EN
The paper presents a case study of the practical use of Deming cycle in a manufacturing company, from the plastics processing industry, from the sector of small and medium-sized enterprises. The paper is a study of literature in the field of continuous improvement and characterized by a cycle of continuous improvement, called the Deming cycle, or PDCA cycle. This cycle was used as a solution to quality problems which occurred during production of photo frames: discolorations and scorches on the surface of the frame. When measures were introduced to reduce the number of non-conformities, a decrease by more than 60% was observed.
PL
Ważnym zagadnieniem związanym z zarządzaniem jakością jest doskonalenie. Celem artykułu jest zdiagnozowanie, czy długotrwałość funkcjonowania systemu zarządzania jakością w przedsiębiorstwie wpływa na nasilenie podejmowania działań doskonalących w wybranych obszarach. Analiza wyników badań wykazała, że największy problem dotyczy poszukiwania potencjalnych niezgodności, zaangażowania pracowników w zgłaszanie problemów oraz wykorzystania narzędzi i metod wsparcia. Wzrost doświadczenia w systemowym zarządzaniu jakością w badanej populacji nie wpływa ponadto na przyrost świadomości ważności poszczególnych kryteriów doskonalenia. Wyjątek stanowi tylko podejmowanie działań korygujących.
EN
A significant consideration in quality management is continuous improvement. The aim of the article is to diagnose as to whether the sustainable application of a functioning quality management system in an organization influences the intensification of undertaking continuous improvement activities in selected areas. Analysis of the research results showed that the most prominent problem is related to identifying potential nonconformities, engaging employees in reporting problems as well as using supporting tools and methods. The increase in experience in quality management system in the studied population does not affect the increase in awareness of the importance of any particular improvement criteria. The only exception is taking the corrective actions.
EN
Currently, companies must change and evolve to keep pace with the changing environment, customers’ requirements and to be better than their competitors. The changes result from the need to adapt the products to new customers’ requirements as well as to maintain competitive prices of their products. Therefore, companies should be flexible to guarantee short lead time and minimalize their costs to offer a good price for the customers. At the same time, companies should create good work environment for their employees in order to get them involved in improvement processes. In order to survive and develop companies should motivate and involve their employees into a continuous improvement process in different areas of the company. Unfortunately, as based on the companies’ practice and previous research, in many cases employees are not willing to engage in the company development. Continuous improvement is the basis of the philosophy of Quality Management and Lean Manufacturing, which come from Toyota Production System (TPS). The TPS eventually spread throughout the world, and it is held up as an example of the proper management of a production system. The assumptions of TPS system were used to build systems in other companies, but not always with the same success as it was in Toyota. For this reason, the authors of this paper seek to answer the question of whether there are differences in engagement in a continuous improvement process between employees in a Japanese company and a Polish company operating in the same industry and realizing the similar manufacturing. In order to verify this, the research was conducted in two manufacturing companies which operate in the automotive industry. The results of the study and their analysis are presented in the work.
PL
Autorka przedstawia zagadnienia związane z poprawą konkurencyjności przedsiębiorstwa poprzez ciągłe doskonalenie określone w normach ISO. Podstawą analizy były dane dostarczone przez Przedsiębiorstwo X oraz dane z eurostat dotyczące udziału w rynkach na których dane przedsiębiorstwo prowadzi działalność. Dane były podstawą do określenia wpływu celi określonych w ramach doskonalenia oraz ich realizacji na zwiększenie pozycji konkurencyjnej oraz podniesienie satysfakcji klienta z otrzymywanych produktów.
EN
The author presents issues related to improving the competitiveness of the company through continuous improvement specified in the ISO standards. The basis of the analysis was the data provided by Company X and Eurostat data on the share of the markets in which the Company X operates. The data was the basis for determining the impact of the goals and targets identified for the improvement. Their implementation to enhance the competitive position and increase of the customer satisfaction with the products they received.
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