Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Cryogenically treated goat and human hair reinforced hybrid polymer composites

Thasthagir Syed M, Kumar Ramesh R, Mariappan Mathanbabu, Senthamaraikannan P.

Polimery

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2024

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Vol. 69, nr 5

312--317

EN

Composites of epoxy resin reinforced with goat and human hair were obtained and subjected to cryogenic processing for 24 hours at temperature 77 K. Morphological (SEM), mechanical and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) were performed. The best properties were obtained by using a reinforcement consisting of 60 wt% human hair and 40 wt% goat hair. The SEM confirmed good interactions at the interface for this composite.

PL

Otrzymano kompozyty żywicy epoksydowej wzmocnionej kozim i ludzkim włosem, które poddano obróbce kriogenicznej przez 24 godziny w temperaturze 77 K. Zbadano strukturę (SEM), właściwości mechaniczne i termiczne (TGA). Najlepsze właściwości uzyskano stosując wzmocnienie składające się z 60% mas. włosa ludzkiego i 40% mas. włosa koziego. Metodą SEM potwierdzono dla tego kompozytu dobre oddziaływania na granicy faz.

2

Ocena możliwości zastosowania powłoki laminatowej do naprawy i wzmocnienia płaszcza stalowego zbiornika paliwowego o osi pionowej

Gacki Dawid, Słowiński Kamil

Materiały Budowlane

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2024

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nr 5

31--35

PL

W artykule przedstawiono przebieg i rezultaty badań, których celem była ocena wybranych właściwości powłok poliestrowo-szklanych stosowanych do naprawy i wzmacniania płaszczy stalowych zbiorników cylindrycznych na paliwa płynne. Na podstawie badań doświadczalnych określono ryzyko powstania delaminacji kompozytu stalowo-laminatowego na skutek działania obciążeń o charakterze dynamicznym, a także wpływ zróżnicowanej temperatury, w jakiej pracuje laminat wewnątrz zbiornika, na twardość wykonanej z niego powłoki naprawczej. Dokonano również oceny stabilności wymiarów i kształtu powłoki laminatowej w warunkach wyjątkowych, w których poddawana jest ona ekspozycji na podwyższoną temperaturę. Podjęto także próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie dotyczące wpływu zastosowania powłoki laminatowej na nośność płaszcza zbiornika wzmocnionego z jej użyciem.

EN

The article presents the course and results of research which purpose was aimed at evaluation of selected properties of polyester-glass coatings used to repair and strengthen the jackets of steel cylindrical tanks with a vertical axis for the storage of liquid fuels. Through experimental research, the issues related to the risk of delamination of the steel-laminate composite as a result of dynamic loads, as well as the impact of different temperatures at which the laminate operates inside the tank on the hardness of the laminate coating were identified. The stability of the dimensions and shape of the laminate coating in exceptional conditions where it is subjected to an exposure to elevated temperature was also assessed. An attempt was also made to answer the question about the impact of the use of a laminate coating on the load bearing capacity of the tank shell strengthened with it.

3

Refinement of the Manufacturing Route and Evaluation of the Reinforcement Effect of MAX Phases in Al Alloy Matrix Composite Materials

Dmitruk Anna, Naplocha Krzysztof, Żak Andrzej, Strojny-Nędza Agata

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 24, iss. 1

141--148

EN

Microwave Assisted Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (MASHS) was used to prepare open-porous MAX phase preforms in Ti-Al-C and Ti-Si-C systems, which were further used as reinforcements for Al-Si matrix composite materials. The pretreatment of substrates was investigated to obtain open-porous cellular structures. Squeeze casting infiltration was chosen to be implemented as a method of composites manufacturing. Process parameters were adjusted in order to avoid oxidation during infiltration and to ensure the proper filling. Obtained materials were reproducible, well saturated and dense, without significant residual porosity or undesired interactions between the constituents. Based on this and the previous work of the authors, the reinforcement effect was characterized and compared for both systems. For the Al-Si+Ti-Al-C composite, an approx. 4-fold increase in hardness and instrumental Young's modulus was observed in relation to the matrix material. Compared to the matrix, Al-Si+Ti-Si-C composite improved more than 5-fold in hardness and almost 6-fold in Young's modulus. Wear resistance (established for different loads: 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 MPa) for Al-Si+Ti-Al-C was two times higher than for the sole matrix, while for Al-Si+Ti-Si-C the improvement was up to 32%. Both composite materials exhibited approximately two times lower thermal expansion coefficients than the matrix, resulting in enhanced dimensional stability.

4

The application of composites based on recycled materials for electromagnetic field shielding

Jakubas Adam, Łada-Tondyra Ewa, Suchecki Łukasz

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2023

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R. 99, nr 1

190--193

EN

This paper presents the possibilities of using polymer-metal composites as electromagnetic shields. Recycled materials such as iron scale and nanocrystalline tapes were used to build the composites. In the course of the work, research was carried out into the effectiveness of shielding electromagnetic fields in the range from 40 Hz to 15 GHz. The shielding effectiveness was shown to be competitive to that of other composite materials based on non-metallic fillers and comparable to that of layered composites containing e.g. aluminum.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono możliwości wykorzystania kompozytów polimerowo-metalowych jako ekranów elektromagnetycznych. Do budowy kompozytów wykorzystano materiały z recyklingu, takie jak zendra i taśmy nanokrystaliczne. W toku prac prowadzono badania nad skutecznością ekranowania pól elektromagnetycznych w zakresie od 40 Hz do 15 GHz. Wykazano, że skuteczność ekranowania jest konkurencyjna w stosunku do innych materiałów kompozytowych na bazie wypełniaczy niemetalicznych i porównywalna z kompozytami warstwowymi zawierającymi m.in. aluminium.

5

Właściwości mechaniczne betonów z dodatkiem makrowłókien poliolefinowych

Helbrych Paweł

Przegląd Budowlany

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2023

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R. 94, nr 11-12

54--57

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań wpływu dwóch typów makrowłókien poliolefinowych na właściwości świeżego i stwardniałego betonu. Określono zawartość powietrza w mieszance betonowej, klasę konsystencji, wytrzymałość na ściskanie, wytrzymałość betonu na rozciąganie w próbie zginania oraz wytrzymałość na rozciąganie przy rozłupywaniu. Wykazano istotny wpływ rodzaju, kształtu i budowy włókien syntetycznych na właściwości mechaniczne betonu. Dodatek włókien poliolefinowych nie wpłynął negatywnie na wytrzymałość na ściskanie betonu, a serie badawcze z mniejszą ilością włókien fibrylowanych uzyskały podobne lub lepsze wyniki wytrzymałościowe niż serie z większą ilością foliowłókien. Wyniki te wskazują na potencjał wykorzystania makrowłókien polimerowych w konstrukcjach betonowych, co pozwoli na poprawę jego wytrzymałości i innych istotnych właściwości.

EN

The article presents the results of research on the influence of two types of polyolefinic macrofibers on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete. The content of air in the concrete mix, consistency class, compressive strength, tensile strength of concrete in flexural testing, and splitting tensile strength were determined. The significant impact of the type, shape, and structure of synthetic fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete has been demonstrated. The addition of polyolefin fibers did not have a negative effect on the compressive strength of concrete, and research series with a smaller amount of fibrillated fibers achieved similar or better strength results than series with a larger amount of film fibers. These results indicate the potential use of polymer macrofibers in concrete structures, which will allow for the improvement of its strength and other important properties.

6

Comparative Studies of GFRP Composites Using Pulsed Thermography and Transmission Terahertz Non-Destructive Testing Methods

Świderski Waldemar, Strąg Martyna

Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka

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2023

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R. 27, nr 3

33--37

EN

Composites are materials that have replaced traditional construction materials in numerous applications in various fields. Due to the possibility of creating the required material properties, fiber-reinforced composites are most often used. Despite competition from carbon and aramid fibers, the earliest glass fibers produced are used in many applications. One of the areas where glass fiber reinforced composites (GFRP) make a significant contribution to structural applications is aviation. Because both during production and operation, composites are exposed to damage, which often occurs in the internal structure of the composite, works are being carried out to develop the most effective method of non-destructive testing to detect such damage. The article presents a comparison of the results of non-destructive testing of glass fiber-reinforced composite samples. A comparison of the results of the possibility of detecting defects in the form of milled holes of different diameters and depths inside the samples was made. These damages are not optically visible on both surfaces of the samples. In non-destructive testing, infrared thermography and transmission terahertz methods were used. The obtained results indicate a great possibility of using terahertz radiation, especially in thicker structures of the GFRP composite, where thermographic methods are not as effective as in thin ones.

PL

Kompozyty to materiały, które zastąpiły tradycyjne materiały konstrukcyjne w licznych zastosowaniach w różnych dziedzinach. Ze względu na możliwość tworzenia wymaganych właściwości materiału, najczęściej stosuje się kompozyty wzmacniane włóknami. Pomimo konkurencji ze strony włókien węglowych i aramidowych, najwcześniej wyprodukowane włókna szklane są wykorzystywane w wielu zastosowaniach. Jednym z obszarów, w którym kompozyty wzmocnione włóknem szklanym (GFRP) wnoszą znaczący wkład w zastosowania konstrukcyjne, jest lotnictwo. Ponieważ zarówno w trakcie produkcji, jak i eksploatacji kompozyty narażone są na uszkodzenia, które często występują w strukturze wewnętrznej kompozytu, prowadzone są prace nad opracowaniem najskuteczniejszej metody badań nieniszczących pozwalających wykryć takie uszkodzenia. W artykule przedstawiono porównanie wyników badań nieniszczących próbek kompozytów wzmocnionych włóknem szklanym. Dokonano porównania wyników możliwości wykrywania defektów w postaci wyfrezowanych otworów o różnej średnicy i głębokości wewnątrz próbek. Uszkodzenia te nie są widoczne optycznie na obu powierzchniach próbek. W badaniach nieniszczących wykorzystano termografię w podczerwieni i transmisyjną metodę terahercową. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na duże możliwości wykorzystania promieniowania terahercowego, zwłaszcza w grubszych strukturach kompozytu GFRP, gdzie metody termograficzne nie są tak skuteczne jak w strukturach cienkich.

7

Morphology and selected properties of NR/BR/CNT nanocomposites – effect of ethanol-assisted mixing

Zhang Juzheng, Gu Zheng, Meng Chao, Wang Jianfa, Sui Jinyong

Polimery

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2023

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Vol. 68, nr 5

251--258

EN

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) and ethanol-assisted mixing were used to obtain composites based on a mixture of natural rubber and butadiene rubber (NR/BR 80/20). The structure of the composites was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermal aging tests were also carried out and the vulcanization process was characterized. SEM confirmed the homogeneous dispersion of CNTs in the polymer matrix. Improvements in tensile and tear strength as well as thermal stability were also achieved.

PL

Do otrzymywania kompozytów na bazie mieszaniny kauczuku naturalnego i butadienowego (NR/BR 80/20) zastosowano nanorurki węglowe (CNT) i mieszanie wspomagane etanolem. Strukturę kompozytów określono za pomocą spektroskopii w podczerwieni z transformacją Fouriera (FTIR) oraz skaningowej mikroskopii elektronowej (SEM). Przeprowadzono również badania starzenia termicznego oraz scharakteryzowano proces wulkanizacji. Metodą SEM potwierdzono jednorodną dyspersję CNT w osnowie polimerowej. Uzyskano również poprawę wytrzymałości na rozciąganie i rozdzieranie oraz stabilności termicznej.

8

Uwiarygodnienie koncepcji „projektowania plastycznego” belek mostowych zgodnie z Eurokodem 4: Badania niszczące w skali naturalnej zespolonych belek mostowych złożonych z dwuteownika HL1100 i płyty betonowej

Marcinczak Krzysztof, Kożuch Maciej, Lorenc Wojciech, Zannon Riccardo, Ochojski Wojciech

Mosty

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2023

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nr 3

47-50

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki eksperymentów niszczących, które rzucają nowe światło na projektowanie mostów zespolonych w Polsce. Różnica między tradycyjnymi normami a nowoczesnym podejściem opartym na Eurokodzie 4 jest widoczna. Wyniki badań opisane przez autorów stanowią solidny argument za zmianą tradycyjnych praktyk.

EN

The article presents the results of destructive experiments, which shed new light on the design of composite bridges in Poland. The difference between traditional norms and a modern approach based on Eurocode 4 is evident. The test findings described by the authors provide a strong argument for changing traditional practices.

9

Development of lightweight geopolymer composites containing perlite and vermiculite

Korniejenko K., Pławecka K., Bulut A., Şahin B., Azizağaoğlu G., Figiela B.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 117, nr 2

49--56

EN

Purpose: The aim of this work was to prepare and characterise geopolymer composites containing lightweight aggregates - perlite and vermiculite. Design/methodology/approach: The geopolymer matrix was prepared on the basis of fly ash, sand and a 6M sodium hydroxide solution with sodium silicate. The properties of the materials were tested 28 days after the preparation of the samples. The following research methods were used to characterise the composites: compressive and flexural strength tests, microstructural tests using a scanning electron microscope, and thermal conductivity were measured. Findings: The results obtained showed a slight effect of the additives on the strength properties. Lightweight aggregates are characterised by good coherence with the matrix material. Their addition allowed to reduce the density and lowered the thermal conductivity of the materials. The results obtained indicate that the proposed additives can improve the properties of the geopolymer composite for use in the construction industry. Research limitations/implications: Further research should focus on geopolymer composites with perlite and involve fire-resistant and water-absorption tests. Practical implications: The production of lightweight building materials brings a number of benefits, such as reducing the density of building elements and, at the same time, the entire structure, which results in a reduction in their weight, as well as lower transport costs. Such elements have better thermal and acoustic insulation, reflected in the parameters of buildings. An additional advantage is the reduced environmental impact through better insulation properties, lower fuel consumption during transport, etc. Originality/value: The density of the material can be reduced by using lightweight aggregates or obtaining porous material in the foamed process. In the case of geopolymer composites, a number of studies related to foamed materials have been provided, but there is only a few previous research connected with lightweight aggregates such as perlite and vermiculite.

10

Ocena wybranych normowych modeli przyczepności kompozytów FRP do wzmacniania betonu

Krzywoń Rafał

Inżynieria i Budownictwo

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2023

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R. 79, nr 9-10

533--537

PL

Przyczepność jest jednym z kluczowych czynników decydujących o efektywności zewnętrznego wzmocnienia kompozytowego konstrukcji betonowej. Wykorzystywane w projektowaniu normy stosują różne modele matematyczne do wyznaczania siły przyczepności taśm i mat FRP. Otrzymywane w obliczeniach wyniki mogą różnić się nawet ponad dwukrotnie. Artykuł przedstawia ocenę dokładności przewidywania siły przyczepności dla wybranych wytycznych projektowania w świetle badań przyczepności ponad 800 próbek. Wyniki analiz metodą Demerit wskazują, że najlepsze modele przyczepności proponują szwajcarska norma SIA 166 i włoska CNR-DT200.

EN

Bond is one of the key issues determining the effectiveness of external composite strengthening of a concrete structure. The standards used in designing use various mathematical models to predict the bond strength of FRP overlays. The results obtained in the calculations may differ even two times. The paper presents an assessment of the accuracy of bond force prediction for selected design guidelines. The results of over 800 samples taken from the literature were used for comparison. The results of analyses show that the best bond model is recomended by the Swiss standard SIA 166 and CNR-DT200.

11

Mechanical properties of rotomolded parts with abaca fiber: effect of manufacturing with 1, 2 or 3 layers

Ortega Zaida, Suárez Luis, Kelly-Walley Jake, McCourt Mark

Composites Theory and Practice

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2023

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R. 23, nr 3

158--166

EN

The range of materials suitable for rotational molding is not as wide as for other polymer processing technologies. An option to reduce the carbon footprint of such materials is to introduce natural fibers, such as abaca. In this work, different loadings of abaca fibers (5 to 20 % by weight) were molded using one, two and three-layer constructions. A comparison of the mechanical behavior (tensile, flexural, and impact properties) with the fiber content, considering the method of obtaining the composite (1, 2 or 3 layers) was performed. The thermomechanical behavior of the matrix was not affected due to the introduction of the fibers; apart from a reduction in the storage modulus, especially at low temperature, the curves have a similar profile. In general terms, the tensile and flexural strength were not affected by the incorporation of the fibers, that is, the composites exhibit similar behavior to neat polyethylene. Significant improvements in the tensile modulus were obtained for the parts manufactured with 2 layers, with 10 wt.% fiber in the internal one. As expected, the impact strength was reduced for all the composites, although the layer of PE on the inner side that coats the fibers counteracts this reduction to a certain extent. An increase in the heating time was observed for all the composites made in different layers; although the incorporation of fibers slightly modifies the course of the curve, the heating time is only significantly increased for loadings over 10%. The higher energy consumption needed to obtain the part in the different layers would only then be justified by an increase in the composite properties, which is not the case of the parts obtained in this work.

12

Enhancing mechanical properties of composite polymer concrete with lanthanum oxide additive for potential use in anti-radiation applications

Jała Jakub, Nowacki Bartłomiej

Composites Theory and Practice

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2023

|

R. 23, nr 2

104--109

EN

Polymer concretes constitute a commonly used group of materials with known and well-studied properties for construction applications. The following research is a preliminary investigation into the basic mechanical properties and structure of a proposed novel polymer concrete with a lanthanum oxide nanopowder additive. The composite material is made from epoxy resin binder with milled expanded clay filler and La2O3 nanopowder. The research samples were made by simple and scalable casting methods. The conducted mechanical testing included compression and flexural examinations typical for this group of materials, as well as Brinell hardness measurements. The microstructure of the manufactured samples was examined utilizing scanning electron microscopy supported by EDS analysis. The obtained results reveal acceptable mechanical properties for the investigated materials, with slight increases in the measured property values for increasing amounts of the nanoparticle addition. The SEM and EDS investigations show the dispersion of filler and nanopowder additive throughout the samples, which is advantageous for the macroscopic properties of the material. The slight agglomeration of the lanthanum oxide powder could be further decreased with the inclusion of another processing step, for example, resin mixture sonication. The mechanical properties of the investigated materials are adequate and further research is suggested to test the possibilities of developing the examined polymer concrete for anti-radiation and radiation shielding applications.

13

Effect of sintering temperature and isostatic pressure on selected properties of selected electrical contact materials manufactured by hot isostatic pressing

Kołacz Dariusz, Kulasa Joanna, Krukowski Karol, Hury Anna, Muzia Grzegorz, Osadnik Małgorzata, Kalabis Jarosław

Composites Theory and Practice

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2023

|

R. 23, nr 2

67--75

EN

This paper presents the results of studies on the consolidation of metallic and composite powders by the hot isostaticpressing (HIP) process intended for electrical contact materials. Ag, Cu metallic powders, as well as AgW48Re2, AgRe1 and CuW47Re3 composite powders were used in the investigations. Green compacts for consolidation and hot sintering under pressure were prepared by double-sided axial pressing in steel dies. The density, electrical conductivity, and hardness were measured on the obtained sinters after the HIP process, and the microstructure was examined on selected ones. The research indicates that applying this technology allows good quality electrical material to be obtained, intended for electrical contact material.

14

Aerospace 3D textile preform analysis: experimental and mesomodeling

Saboktakin Abbasali, Izmir Hossein Safaei

Composites Theory and Practice

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2023

|

R. 23, nr 3

118--122

EN

For the purpose of predicting how textile preforms affect the quality of the composite material and its performance, the stitched textile preform must be characterized. Experimental compaction analysis and finite element analysis of textile preforms are the main subjects of this paper. The formability parameters of a preform can be changed by the stitching process, according to research on the mechanical properties of preforms conducted during compression testing. The loaddeformation response, which is depicted in detail, had the greatest influence on preform deformation. Less fiber bundle undulation in the plane direction and more stitching thread undulation in the thickness direction were observed during compression of the stitched preform, whereas the stitching thread improved the resistance of the preform to compression loading.

15

Wpływ infiltracji próżniowej na właściwości mechaniczne polimerobetonów wzmacnianych lekkimi kruszywami ceramicznymi

Smoleń Jakub, Pawlik Tomasz

Cement Wapno Beton

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2023

|

R. 28, nr 1

56--64

PL

W niniejszej pracy opisano wpływ inflitracji próżniowej na właściwości polimerobetonów na bazie lekkich agregatów ceramicznych. W pierwszym etapie badań wytworzono ceramiczne granule o wysokiej porowatości otwartej, około 27%, w oparciu o wykorzystanie przemysłowych materiałów odpadowych. Ceramiczne agregaty, zwane dalej granulatami, o wielkości od 2 do 4 mm wytworzono z wykorzystaniem zanieczyszczonej stłuczki szklanej oraz łupków węglowych. Omówiono efektywność infiltracji granulatu żywicą epoksydową w produkcji polimerobetonu o wysokiej wytrzymałości mechanicznej i stosunkowo małej masie w porównaniu z tradycyjnym betonem. Wytrzymałość na ściskanie polimerobetonu w którym kruszywo infiltrowano próżniowo żywicą wynosi 87 MPa, a polimerobetonu w którym zastosowano infiltrację zanurzeniową wytrzymałość na ściskanie wynosi około 42 MPa. Powstały polimerobeton, ze względu na swoją gęstość, zaliczany jest do betonów lekkich o wysokiej wytrzymałości.

EN

In this paper, the influence of vacuum infiltration of lightweight ceramic aggregates as fillers in polymeric concretes was described. In the first stage of the investigation, a set of ceramic aggregates with a high open porosity of about 27% was produced on the basis of industrial wastes. Ceramic aggregates with a size of 2 to 4 mm, hereinafter referred to as granules, were produced using contaminated glass cullet waste and coal shale. The effectiveness of granule infiltration with epoxy resin in the production of polymer concrete with high mechanical strength and relatively low mass compared to traditional concrete was discussed. The compressive strength of polymer concrete, where the aggregates were infiltrated with resin, is 87 MPa, and the polymer concrete, in which the vacuum infiltration process was not used, reaches a compressive strength of approximately 42 MPa. The resulting concrete, due to its density, is classified as a lightweight high-strength concrete.

16

Mechanical analysis of multilayer composite materials with duroplastic matrix after exposure to low temperatures

Krzak Anna, Nowak A. J.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 122, nr 2

49--57

EN

Purpose: Cryogenic engineering is gaining more and more interest in various industry sectors, which leads to an intensive search for effective solutions. The article presents the findings of mechanical testing conducted on glass-epoxy laminates at room temperature and after long- term contact with liquid nitrogen. Design/methodology/approach: To compare the impact properties and flexural strength, the samples were tested under cryogenic and room conditions, and then the fracture locations were identified using the Leica DVM6 microscope. The study brings value to the emerging field of cryogenic engineering by providing valuable information on the mechanical properties of glass-epoxy composites under cryogenic conditions. Findings: It has been found out that immersing the glass-epoxy composites into the Dewar had minimal influence on impact and flexural strength properties. The most noticeable changes were observed in the case of the EP_4_2 composite. The material consists of a solution of brominated epoxy resin in an organic solvent. It is used to produce laminates in electrical engineering and printed circuits in electronics, where it should exhibit excellent impact properties. Research limitations/implications: One of the prospective research directions is a thorough analysis of the mechanical properties of the developed composite materials during cryogenic cycles. Originality/value: The study aims to determine the effect of different compositions of glass fabric-reinforced resin with a weight of 205 g/m2 on the mechanical properties of the developed composite materials at both room temperature and after long-term exposure to liquid nitrogen. Those investigations serve as surveillance for developing of new material solutions directed towards cryogenic applications and are essential for subsequent stages of research.

17

Flammability and morphology of Agel leaf fibre- epoxy composite modified with carbon powder for fishing boat applications

Kurniasih P., Wirawan W. A., Narto A., Pribadi O. S., Imron N. A., Rachman N. F., Pradipta A.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 122, nr 1

13--21

EN

Purpose: Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites have been extensively developed to construct fishing vessels. This study reports on the successful development of the Agel Leaf Fibre (ALF)- Epoxy composite reinforced with carbon powder and fabricated using the Vacuum Infusion method. Design/methodology/approach: The composites were prepared by varying the carbon powder filler content at volumes of 0%, 10%, and 30%. The fire resistance of the composites was investigated using a burning test according to ASTM D-3014 standards. The morphology of the composites was observed through SEM analysis and analysed using ImageJ software. Findings: The research findings reveal that adding 30% carbon powder in the HCP composite reduced the burning rate by 42.624 mm/sec and the time to ignition by 17.33 seconds, indicating improved fire resistance properties. The carbon powder inhibited flame propagation and reduced the combustion rate by 0.49%. The SEM examination confirmed that the fibre porosity decreased, resulting in a denser composite with enhanced fibre-matrix adhesion. Therefore, the implementation of fire-resistant composite materials in fishing vessel construction can be realised. Research limitations/implications: The present study primarily examined the immediate effects of carbon powder additions on the morphology of the composites. However, it is crucial to consider these composites’ long-term stability and durability. Future research should investigate the ageing behaviour, considering environmental factors such as humidity, temperature, and UV radiation, to assess their impact on the morphology and flammability resistance of the composites. Additionally, it is essential to acknowledge that other factors, including fibre orientation, fibre length, and matrix properties, can significantly influence the overall performance of the composites. Practical implications: The enhanced flammability resistance of Agel Leaf Fibre-Epoxy composites with carbon powder additions holds significant benefits for fishing boat applications. In marine environments, the risk of fire incidents on fishing boats is high, making materials with good fire resistance highly desirable. Therefore, implementing fire-resistant composite materials in fishing boat construction can be realised to reduce the risk of fire incidents in high-seas fishing vessels. Originality/value: Composites with added carbon powder exhibited smaller flames, slower burning rates, and a lack of significant flame propagation. This suggests that adding carbon powder acts as an oxygen barrier and reduces the availability of fuel within the composite.

18

Recycling waste polypropylene to produce new composite materials with jute reinforcements

Hoque Mohammad Amirul, Sultana Shahin, Sarker Md. Khabir Uddin, Islam Zahidul

Advances in Materials Science

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2023

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Vol. 23, nr 3(77)

21--32

EN

Waste polypropylene (PP) polymer was collected, washed, dried and mechanically recycled into granules. Natural fibers are a sustainable and renewable resource, and in this work, Corchorus olitorius jute fiber was used as a reinforcing agent with waste PP. Jute fiber was collected from local market, cleaned, dried and cut into 1-2 mm in length for the production of waste PP-jute composites. The molecular structure of waste PP and virgin PP were characterized by the attenuated total reflection-fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR). The purpose of the current research was to examine the effectiveness of waste PP by comparing waste PP-jute composites and virgin PP-jute composites. The injection molding process was utilized to make jute fiber reinforced waste PP composites with various jute fiber loadings (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% in weight).The same process was used to produce virgin PP composites reinforced with jute fiber. All composites undergo water absorption and tensile testing in order to assess the recycled PP. Injection molded virgin and waste PP's physico-mechanical, thermal, and tensile strengths are also examined. In comparison to waste PP, virgin PP has a 6% greater tensile strength and a 19% higher elongation at break. Results from waste PP-jute composites and virgin PP-jute composites did not significantly differ from one another. Products made from recycled PP can thus be both economically and environmentally viable.

19

Potencjał wzmocnień kompozytowych PBO-FRCM w zabytkowych konstrukcjach z betonu

Grzymski Filip, Marcinczak Dorota, Musiał Michał, Trapko Tomasz, Ombres Luciano, Pazdan Maciej

Wiadomości Konserwatorskie

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2022

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Nr 71

137--150

PL

Rosnąca popularność wzmocnień kompozytowych przeznaczonych do elementów betonowych, żelbetowych oraz konstrukcji murowych doprowadziła do bardzo szybkiego rozwoju systemowych materiałów o zróżnicowanych parametrach. W przypadku obiektów zabytkowych ważne jest, aby ewentualne zmiany pierwotnego wyglądu nie ingerowały znacznie w aspekt historyczny i wizualny wzmacnianej konstrukcji. W niniejszym artykule skupiono się na kompozytach wzmacniających z włóknami PBO oraz matrycą na bazie zaprawy mineralnej (PBO-FRCM), które w docelowej postaci przypominają wyglądem tynk. Z tego powodu, w odróżnieniu od kompozytów FRP, kompozyty PBO-FRCM nie zaburzają wyglądu zabytków w nadmiernym stopniu, co jest szczególnie ważne. Autorzy przedstawili podstawowe informacje literaturowe związane z właściwościami kompozytów PBO-FRCM oraz aktualnie przeprowadzane przez siebie badania, które mają na celu zwiększenie efektywności wykorzystania kompozytu. Opisane badania związane są ze wzmacnianiem belek na ścinanie, płyt na zginanie oraz elementów ściskanych.

EN

The growing popularity of composite reinforcements intended for concrete members, RC members and masonry structures has led to the rapid development of systemic materials with varied parameters. In the case of heritage buildings it is important that any alterations in the original appearance do not significantly interfere in the historical and visual aspects of the structure being strengthened. This paper focuses on composites with PBO fibers and a mineral mortar-based matrix (PBO-FRCM), designed for strengthening purposes, which in their ultimate form resemble plaster in their appearance. Consequently, unlike FRP composites, PBO-FRCM composites do not excessively disturb the appearance of monuments, which is highly important. The authors present essential information about the properties of PBO-FRCM composites, derived from the literature on the subject, and their recent research aimed at increasing the effectiveness of composite mobilization. The research covers the shear strengthening of beams, the flexural strengthening of slabs and the strengthening of members in compression.

20

Composite Material with Cast Iron Matrix Designed for Brake Systems of Technical Means of Transport

Posmyk Andrzej, Myalski Jerzy

Tribologia

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2022

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nr 3

79--86

EN

The paper presents the basics of manufacturing and the tribological properties of the developed cast iron-ceramic composite designed for brake discs or drums. The matrix of the composite consists of GJL-150 grey cast iron used for the production of brake discs. The reinforcing phase is a SiC foam with an activated surface. The use of ceramic foam simplifies the production process because it does not require expensive mixing of the matrix and the reinforcing phase to ensure the homogeneity of the composite. An addition of 10% SiC (λSiC= 100–350 Wm-1K-1) improves the thermal conductivity of cast iron (λCI = 50–60 Wm-1K-1). The presence of foam elements homogenously distributed throughout the whole matrix volume reduces the wear of both the composite and the counter-sample. The results of comparative studies of contacts between the cast iron and the composite brake disc showed almost a threefold lower wear of the pad and disc and about a 10°C lower temperature in the pad near the friction zone under the pressure of 1 MPa and at a sliding velocity of 0.5 m/s. The significantly lower wear of the friction elements of the brake system will contribute to a reduction in environmental pollution by wear debris, which is required by European Union directives.

PL

W artykule opisano podstawy wytwarzania i właściwości tribologiczne opracowanego kompozytu żeliwno-ceramicznego przeznaczonego na tarcze lub bębny hamulcowe. Osnowę kompozytu stanowi stosowane do wytwarzania tarcz hamulcowych żeliwo szare GJL-150, a umocnieniem jest pianka z SiC z aktywowaną powierzchnią. Użycie pianki ceramicznej upraszcza proces wytwarzania, ponieważ nie wymaga kosztownego mieszania osnowy i fazy zbrojącej dla zapewnienia homogeniczności kompozytu. Dodanie 10% pianki SiC (λSiC= 100–350 Wm-1K-1) poprawia przewodność cieplną żeliwa (λCI = 50–60 Wm-1K-1). Obecność równomiernie rozłożonych w całej objętości osnowy elementów pianki zmniejsza zużycie zarówno kompozytu, jak i współpracującego z nim materiału ciernego. Wyniki badań porównawczych skojarzeń z tarczą żeliwną i kompozytową wykazały mniejsze prawie trzykrotnie zużycie klocka i tarczy oraz niższą o 10°C temperaturę w klocku w pobliżu strefy tarcia przy nacisku 1 MPa i prędkości 0,5 m/s. Znacząco zmniejszone zużycie elementów ciernych układu hamulcowego przyczyni się do zmniejszenia zapylenia środowiska produktami zużycia, co jest wymagane w dyrektywach Unii Europejskiej.