Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Sztuczna inteligencja jest tak dobra, jak dane, którymi się „żywi”

Kołodziejczyk Przemysław, Mincewicz Janusz

Logistyka

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2025

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nr 1

56--59

PL

Znamy już wiele przypadków, jak wykorzystanie sztucznej inteligencji wpłynęło na funkcjonowanie logistyki. Prym w tych najbardziej efektownych i efektywnych wdrożeniach wiodą oczywiście najwięksi gracze, ale nie są oni jedynymi beneficjentami AI. Rozmawiamy z PRZEMYSŁAWEM KOŁODZIEJCZYKIEM, prezesem Gecos.

2

The state’s national power and its assessment method on the example of the Republic of Azerbaijan

Memmedzade Vugar, Hasanov Jalil, Imamverdiyev Eljan, Rustamov Asad, Sabziev Elkhan

Studia Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego

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2024

|

R. 14, Nr 34

91--108

EN

This study aims to analyze the national power of the state and its structural components including population, territory, economy, military power, scientific and technical progress, political will, and geopolitical factors. The research problem of the study was focused on estimating the state’s national power. The hypothesis of the study assumes that government policies should be based on real national power in order for policymakers to adopt rational policies. Research methods used in the study include comparative analysis, analysis and synthesis, and statistical data analysis. Additionally, the structural components of national power are reformulated into a new formula by reviewing the calculation rules. Furthermore, a mechanism for measuring the national power of the Republic of Azerbaijan is proposed using a fuzzy numerical scale based on expert opinion.

PL

Celem pracy jest analiza potęgi państwa i jej strukturalnych komponentów, w tym populacji, terytorium, gospodarki, potęgi militarnej, postępu naukowego i technicznego, woli politycznej i czynników geopolitycznych. Problem badawczy badania koncentrował się na oszacowaniu potęgi państwa. Hipoteza badania zakłada, żepolityka rządu powinna opierać się na rzeczywistej potędze państwa, aby decydenci mogli przyjmować racjonalne polityki. Metody badawcze wykorzystane w badaniu obejmują analizę porównawczą, analizę i syntezę oraz analizę danych statystycznych. Ponadto strukturalne komponenty potęgi państwa zostały przeformułowane w nowy wzór poprzez przegląd reguł obliczeniowych. Zaproponowano również mechanizm pomiaru potęgi państwa Republiki Azerbejdżanu przy użyciu rozmytej skali numerycznej opartej na opiniach ekspertów

3

Wojna domowa w Tadżykistanie i jej konsekwencje dla państwa

Isaeva Mahinbonu

Security Review

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2024

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nr 3 (26)

14--20

EN

The aim of this article is to outline the process of political change in Tajikistan between 1992 and 1997. The article mentions that the period of independence was a time of radical transformation in Tajikistan's life. It identifies the reasons of the civil war and how it was managed to make peace. Also it reveals what its impact on the society, country and economy.

4

Functioning of minimum wage in the economy and TSL branch

Tomczyk Mariusz, Wojtaszek Henryk, Kościelecki Tomasz

Gospodarka Materiałowa i Logistyka

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2024

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nr 4

50--60

EN

The article is an attempt to show the importance of the minimum wage in the economy and TSL branch. In this article authors made an effort to describe the trends in the minimum wage in the European Union and selected countries around the world. The article contains research results covering the development of the minimum wage in relation to the Gross Domestic Product of the Republic of Poland. The analyses carried out in the study indicate that although the minimum wage is much lower in Poland than in the countries of the so-called old Union, it is relatively high compared to the new EU member states. This situation is the result of a strong increase in the minimum wage in Poland in the recent period.

PL

Artykuł jest próbą ukazania znaczenia płacy minimalnej w gospodarce i branży TSL. W artykule autorzy podjęli próbę opisania trendów w zakresie płacy minimalnej w Unii Europejskiej i wybranych krajach świata. Artykuł zawiera wyniki badań obejmujące kształtowanie się płacy minimalnej w relacji do produktu krajowego brutto Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Analizy przeprowadzone w badaniu wskazują, że chociaż płaca minimalna jest w Polsce znacznie niższa niż w krajach tzw. starej Unii, to jednak jest relatywnie wysoka w porównaniu z nowymi państwami członkowskimi UE. Sytuacja ta jest wynikiem silnego wzrostu płacy minimalnej w Polsce w ostatnim okresie.

5

Profitability of medical entities in Poland following ownership transformations

Kowalik Joanna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

|

z. 172

355--366

EN

Purpose: The paper aimed to analyze the profitability of the ten selected healthcare units in Poland before and after ownership transformation. Source data used for calculations came from the financial statements of the examined healthcare units. Design/methodology/approach: The paper focuses on ratio analysis, i.e., profitability, which facilitates the evaluation of the studied hospitals in two periods, 'before transformation' and 'after transformation'. A method of scientific cognition was used (1): an analysis of the subject literature, a method of obtaining empirical data (2): an analysis of the content of internal documentation of the analyzed healthcare entities (hospitals), and a method of analysis of the obtained empirical material (3): indicator analysis. Undertaken research contributed to the formulation of the research objective: Is there an improvement in the profitability of medical entities (hospitals) in Poland following ownership transformation? Referring to the presented research problem, the author formulated the following hypothesis: There is an improvement in the profitability of the examined healthcare entities in Poland. Findings: The study's results allow the author to verify the research hypothesis. The spatial scope of the analysis refers to the territory of Poland with a focus on three selected provinces: Lesser Poland (małopolskie), Kuyavia-Pomerania (kujawsko-pomorskie), and Lubusz (lubuskie). The time scope of the study covers three years before the transformation of a given 'SP ZOZ' (Independent Public Healthcare Institution) into a commercial law company and three years after the transformation. The subject scope of the evaluation includes: hospitals subordinate to local government units (LGUs) transformed into commercial law companies. The subject scope of the evaluation is the profitability of hospitals. Research limitations/implications: The results obtained are of great practical importance for managers, shareholders and other stakeholders in the health care sector. Nevertheless, the proposed considerations certainly do not exhaust all possible solutions and may be the subject of further research and scientific discussions. In the future, the author plans to expand the research results with the criterion of social effectiveness (quality of services provided and patient satisfaction with the services of medical entities). Practical implications: The results of the work can become an incentive for executives, managers and investors, as they indicate an improvement in the profitability of hospitals. Social implications: The implementation of the research results will contribute to increasing public awareness of the functioning of hospitals. Originality/value: The number of studies on the financial performance of medical entities is insufficient. All the more, the research results presenting the evaluation of the financial situation of the transformed entities are extremely valuable. The results from the conducted research indicate an improvement in the profitability of the examined medical entities (hospitals). In connection with this fact, legal changes resulting from normative acts (reforms in the healthcare sector) were also justified. The choice of topic results from the personal interests of the author.

6

Effect of artificial intelligence on the economy

Kuzior Aleksandra, Sira Mariya, Brożek Paulina

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

|

z. 176

319--331

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to investigate the diverse effects of artificial intelligence (AI) on the economy, with the aim of offering a comprehension of its consequences on different industries and socioeconomic factors. This research endeavours to enhance understanding of the transformative impacts of AI on global economies by investigating the correlation between the adoption of AI and economic dynamics, thereby providing valuable insights. Design/methodology/approach: The research paper utilizes an interdisciplinary methodology that integrates approaches to examine the diverse impacts of artificial intelligence on the economy. Findings: The article presented a nuanced analysis of the multifaceted consequences of adopting AI technology in various aspects including macroeconomics, industry-specific implications, labour market dynamics, socioeconomic factors, and policy considerations. The research outcomes emphasized the significance of a comprehensive and equitable approach to the integration of AI, considering ethical considerations, policy frameworks, and targeted initiatives aimed at ensuring the fair distribution of the advantages and opportunities created by AI. Research limitations/implications: The relationship between the adoption of AI and macroeconomic factors may require a more complex analytical framework. Investigating the possible harmonization and joint efforts between AI and human workers is an avenue that should be explored in future research. To achieve a more thorough comprehension of the multifaceted effects of AI on the economy, upcoming studies should aim to overcome these limitations. Originality/value: The article offers a distinctive perspective by employing a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach, as well as by considering the broad socioeconomic implications. Its significance lies in providing guidance to policymakers, businesses, researchers, educators, and the wider public, facilitating a more profound comprehension of the impact of AI on economies, and ultimately promoting responsible and fair integration of AI technologies.

7

Barriers and determinants of restructuring employment in the mining industry under the just transformation mechanism. Survey results

Hetmańczyk Piotr

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 170

99--117

EN

Purpose: The purpose of using the method is to obtain information on the social perception of the employment restructuring process in the mining industry, taking into account the phase of design, implementation, monitoring and impact assessment for the industry and local communities. Design/methodology/approach: The theses presented in the article have been verified using: literature review, critical literature analysis, document research and comparative analysis. The article presents a research method enabling social assessment of barriers and determinants of the employment restructuring process in the mining industry under the just transition mechanism. The method of researching the social perception of the hard coal mining employment restructuring process, due to the specificity and complexity of the issue under consideration, uses various, mutually complementary methods and techniques of social research: quantitative and qualitative. Findings: As a result of the analyzes and surveys carried out, a set of conclusions can be presented, the most important of which include conclusions relating to social issues – implementation of the economic transformation in mining communes and poviats is possible in the coming years, but the communes are not prepared for the transformation. The negative effects of the employment restructuring process on the local economy may be noticeable in significant liquidation of enterprises cooperating with entities restructuring industry, reduction of revenues to the budget of local government authorities and reduction of demand on the local market. Originality/value: The article enriches knowledge and develops a discussion in the area of social perception of the employment restructuring process in the mining industry. The attempt to capture the phenomena and processes presented here that may result from the transformation of hard coal mining in Poland is aimed at a better comprehension of the task that may be played by the local government in the area of which operating or closed mines and mining companies are located. On the basis of the results of the survey, it is mainly noticed that there is a need to define the challenges and tasks that should be undertaken in real action by the institutions responsible for the transformation of mining communes – especially due to the need to limit the social and economic consequences that may appear in the transformation process, both in the area of mining communes mining and in their surroundings.

8

Barriers and determinants of restructuring employment in the mining industry under the just transformation mechanism. Interviews results

Hetmańczyk Piotr

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

|

z. 169

333--350

EN

Purpose: The purpose of using the method is to obtain information on the social perception of the employment restructuring process in the mining industry, taking into account the phase of design, implementation, monitoring and impact assessment for the industry and local communities. Design/methodology/approach: The theses presented in the article have been verified using: literature review, critical literature analysis, document research and comparative analysis. The article presents a research method enabling social assessment of barriers and determinants of the employment restructuring process in the mining industry under the just transition mechanism. The method of researching the social perception of the hard coal mining employment restructuring process, due to the specificity and complexity of the issue under consideration, uses various, mutually complementary methods and techniques of social research: quantitative and qualitative. Findings: As a result of the interviews carried out, it seems that all the expert assessments and opinions expressed confirm thesis that if the changes related to the just transition process cannot be stopped, then one must learn to take advantage of it. The view expressed above regarding the process of just transformation, which implies both economic and social challenges that are important for mining communes, among which the following deserve special attention as increasing the importance of the participation of mining communes in making government decisions, more friendly conditions shaping cooperation, need for mining communes to implement projects based on local mobility, adaptability and social sensitivity, need to increase social awareness related to mining in mining communes with responsibility for the just transition process, disappearance of state policies in the implementation of social functions in the phase of ongoing changes and taking them over by the local society. Originality/value: The article enriches knowledge and develops a discussion in the area of social perception of the employment restructuring process in the mining industry. Based on the assessments and opinions of experts, it seems that in the perspective of the predictable occurrence of the transformation process, it could be important for local governments, and in particular mining communes, to promote actions for an evolutionary, not short-term shift from coal-based energy to low-emission sources - striving to make it a multi-stage and long-term process. Equally important may be the pursuit of solutions according to which the principle of introducing funds directly to individual communes for the implementation of the just transformation process will be adopted. Must be considerated need for local governments, including mining communes, to obtain state intervention appropriate to the scale of the challenges, while equipping them with reliable and comprehensively planned proposals for transformational activities limiting their spontaneity.

9

Stabilizacja finansów publicznych wyzwaniem polityki gospodarczej Polski

Wierucka Julia

Studia Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego

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2023

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R. 13, Nr 28

97--110

PL

Celem przedmiotowej pracy jest analiza i ocena jednego z głównych wyzwań ekonomicznych Polski na najbliższe lata, mianowicie ustabilizowania systemu finansów publicznych oraz wyhamowania wzrostu długu publicznego. Główny problem badawczy pracy określono w formie pytania: Jak przedstawia się sytuacja stabilizacji sektora finansów publicznych, w dobie dzisiejszych wyzwań i zagrożeń istniejących w polityce gospodarczej, jak i na arenie międzynarodowej? Jako problemy szczegółowe określono: obecną sytuację finansów publicznych w Polsce, będącą podstawą tej analizy, zakres definicyjny podmiotu sprawy, jak i określenie czynników wpływu na mający miejsce rozwój wydarzeń. W nawiązaniu do przedstawionych problemów badawczych wysnuta została hipoteza, iż prowadzone działania w zakresie stabilizacji finansów RP są niewystarczające do aktualnych wydarzeń. Hipoteza została oparta o wyniki statystyczne przedstawione w artykule. W pracy zastosowano następujące metody badawcze: definiowanie, które pozwoliło na określenie jednoznaczności terminów, analizę i syntezę, które pozwoliły na odpowiednią interpretacje zastanych danych, indukcję i dedukcję, które pozwoliły na znalezienie odpowiedzi na rozważne w pracy pytanie badawcze. W pracy posłużono się także metodą analizy porównawczej w zakresie definicji dotyczących omawianego zakresu. Zastosowano również analizę źródeł, monografii, artykułów naukowych traktujących o badanej tematyce.

EN

The aim of this paper is to analyze and assess one of the main economic challenges for Poland in the coming years, namely stabilizing the public finance system and slowing down the growth of public debt. The main research problem of the work was defined in the form of a question: what is the situation of stabilization of the public finance sector in the era of today's challenges and threats in economic policy and in the international arena? The following were defined as specific problems: the current situation of public finances in Poland, which is the basis for this analysis, the definition scope of the subject of the case, as well as determining the factors affecting the development of events. With reference to the presented research problems, a hypothesis was put forward that the activities carried out in the field of stabilizing the finances of the Republic of Poland are insufficient to current events. The hypothesis was based on the statistical results presented in the article. The following research methods were used in the work: defining, which allowed to determine the unambiguity of terms, analysis and synthesis, which allowed for the appropriate interpretation of the existing data, induction and deduction, which allowed finding the answer to the research question considered in the work. The work also uses the method of comparative analysis in terms of definitions regarding the discussed scope. An analysis of sources, monographs, and scientific articles dealing with the researched subject was also used.

10

Rynek budownictwa w Polsce w obliczu kryzysu wojny w Ukrainie

Przybylski Patryk, Tkaczyk Stanisław, Mijas Bartosz, Grodzicki Bartosz, Zawadzka Aleksandra

Przegląd Budowlany

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2023

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R. 94, nr 9-10

42--46

PL

W artykule autorzy przedstawiają problem wzrostu kosztów w budownictwie na przykładzie kluczowych materiałów budowlanych, takich jak cement, kruszywo, transport bądź stal. Zostały przeanalizowane ostatnie lata, w których wykazano duże wzrosty cen na przestrzeni ostatnich lat, oraz oceniono perspektywę budownictwa w następnych latach.

EN

In the article entitled the authors present the problem of increasing costs in construction using the example of key building materials such as cement, aggregate, transport or steel. Recent years were analyzed, which showed significant price increases over recent years, and the prospects for construction in the coming years were assessed.

11

Analiza wpływu Zakładu Odzysku Energii na osiągane poziomy recyklingu

Jankowski Bartosz

Nowa Energia

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2023

|

nr 3

4--7

PL

Odchodzimy od modelu gospodarki linearnej na rzecz gospodarki obiegu zamkniętego. Staramy się odejść od zasady wyprodukuj-użyj-wyrzuć i przejść do zasady maksymalnego wykorzystania potencjału produktu, a po zakończeniu jego cyklu życia - ponownie go wykorzystać, czyli zawrócić do obiegu. W ten sposób możliwe jest zaoszczędzenie zasobów naturalnych oraz zmniejszenie liczby wytwarzanych odpadów.

12

The development of high-speed rail in the federal republic of Germany between 2002-2020

Mindur Leszek, Mindur Maciej

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 117

151--174

EN

This article shows the development of high-speed rail in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), its development stages and the shipping companies dealing with this business activity. Special attention was given to the progress in the technical solutions of the track infrastructure as well as during the build of the rolling stock and engines. The high-speed rail was presented in the context of the general development of the economy and transport in Germany. This article contains a synthetic approach to the effects of the functioning of high-speed rail and its financing, as well as further directions and development prospects. Also, this article is based on thoughts, authors’ own research and factual sources of polish and western literature.

13

Mining municipalities and districts in a phase of demographic change in an equitable perspective of transformation

Marszowski Ryszard, Skowronek Tomasz

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

|

z. 155

339--364

EN

Purpose: the main purpose of this article is to stimulate discussion on the following thesis presented in the article. Anticipating the process of just transition without taking into account demographic changes will incompletely reveal the social and economic effects caused by it. Design/methodology/approach: the research used the method of descriptive and comparative statistics, as well as literature review, critical analysis of literature, document research and comparative analysis. Findings: on the basis of the analyses and research carried out in this article, it can be concluded that in the examined areas of mining municipalities – in the part relating to the stream of labour supply – a dynamic process of ageing of labour resources is clearly noticeable. On the basis of the above conclusion, it seems that the need to subordinate the policies implemented in the city to the indicated process is justified. Originality/value: the entirety of the outlined changes, processes and forecasts indicates that in order to reduce the stratification in the examined areas, which is the main source of structural mismatches, it is necessary to undertake actions aimed at building future-oriented municipal policies – especially with regard to old age. Failure to take such measures in the perspective of social and economic transformation may delay preparation for the seemingly inevitable changes in the age structure of the population living in the studied areas of mining municipalities.

14

Historical aspects of management, technology, innovation and economic growth in Great Britain

Kawęcki Norbert

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

|

z. 157

267--279

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the work is to present historical aspects of management, technology, innovation and economic growth in Great Britain based on international literature and articles. Design/methodology/approach: Due to the cognitive nature of the work, the aim of the work will be achieved using the method of analyzing the literature and overview international articles to present results on the subject. Literature studies includes only foreign publications. Findings: Historical aspects of management, technology, innovation and economic growth in Great Britain is widely described in international and British literature. Many articles provided value information’s and researches to get to the conclusions and summary. Based on the reliable results scientist assess every aspects of provided subject. Originality/value: The analysis international and British literature and articles shows all aspects of historical management, technology, innovation and economic growth in Great Britain and helps to improve knowledge and assessment of past to present and to predict future.

15

Rozwój energetyki w Meksyku

Gierlotka Stefan

Wiadomości Elektrotechniczne

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2022

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R. 90, nr 4

29--30

PL

Zachowane w Meksyku monumentalne budowle, a zwłaszcza piramid, zachwycają swą architekturą i zachowują tajemniczość. W artykule oprócz zachowanej dawnej architektury opisano gospodarkę kraju oraz rozwój energetyki. Opisano rodzaje użytkowanych elektrowni oraz stosowany system przesyłowy.

EN

The monumental buildings preserved in Mexico, especially the pyramids, delight with their architecture and keep their mystery. In addition to the old architecture, the article describes the country’s economy and the development of the energy sector. The types of power plants in use and the transmission system used are described.

16

Suburbanizacja a analiza korelacji demograficzno-przestrzennych na przykładzie Górnośląsko-Zagłębiowskiej Metropolii

Rduch Judyta

PUA Przestrzeń Urbanistyka Architektura

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2022

|

Vol. 1

86--100

PL

W artykule przebadano korelacje demograficzno-przestrzenne, uwzględniając relację pomiędzy dostępnością pracy a zmianami w zakresie zamieszkania. Zmiany migracyjne zachodzące na terenie Górnośląsko-Zagłębiowskiej Metropolii mają znaczny wpływ na jakość życia mieszkańców. Wykazano, że możliwość pozyskania pracy w centrum Metropolii nie ma bezpośredniego wpływu na zamieszkiwanie na tym samym obszarze.

EN

The article examines demographic and spatial correlations, taking into account the relationship between the availability of work and changes in the area of residence. Migration changes taking place in the Metropolis GZM have a significant impact on the quality of life of the inhabitants. It has been shown that finding a job in the center of the Metropolis has no direct impact on living in the same area.

17

Efektywność energetyczna gospodarki krajowej – wybrane aspekty

Dołęga Waldemar

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2022

|

R. 98, nr 8

118--122

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wybrane aspekty efektywności energetycznej gospodarki krajowej. Omówiono unijne i krajowe regulacje prawne dotyczące efektywności energetycznej. Przedstawiono zasady realizacji obowiązku uzyskania oszczędności energii oraz przeprowadzania audytu energetycznego przedsiębiorstwa. Przedstawiono programy i środki służące poprawie efektywności na poziomie: krajowym, regionalnym i lokalnym. Przedstawiono problematykę efektywności energetycznej krajowej gospodarki. Przeanalizowano wskaźniki energochłonności pierwotnej i finalnej oraz tempo ich zmian w ostatnich latach. Określono kierunki działań które pozwolą na dalsze zmniejszenie energochłonności krajowej gospodarki.

EN

In this paper, some selected aspects of energy efficiency of national economy are shown. The European Union regulations and the national legal regulations in area of energy efficiency are discussed. Principles concerned obligation of energy savings and energy audits of enterprises are described. National, regional and local programmes and measures concerned improvement of energy efficiency are performed. National economy energy efficiency are shown. The energy intensity indicators (primary, final) and rate of their changes in last years are performed. Moreover, directions of undertakings connected with possible future reduction in energy intensity of national economy, are defined.

18

Institutional capacity building on waste management as a secondary resource in Ukraine on the path to European integration

Kaletnik Grygorii, Pryshliak Natalia, Khvesyk Michael, Khvesyk Julia

Polityka Energetyczna

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2022

|

T. 25, z. 3

105--122

EN

The generalization of the European experience in waste management in the context of the directives, decisions and regulations adopted in the last decade in the European Union, as well as the state of the organizational, economic and regulatory framework for solving the waste problem in Ukraine, reveals a systemic lag in the implementation of new conceptual, methodological and practical approaches to the formation of an appropriate state policy. The dynamics of handling certain types of waste in Ukraine have been analyzed. Features of disposal and waste management in Ukraine have been identified. A comparative assessment of the dynamics of waste generation in European countries and Ukraine per capita has been carried out, a block model of the financing system for the waste management sector in Ukraine has been formed and the directions of effective waste management in Ukraine have been determined. Furthermore, priority policy measures for waste management and secondary resource use in Ukraine have been formulated.

PL

Porównanie europejskich doświadczeń w gospodarce odpadami w kontekście dyrektyw, decyzji i rozporządzeń przyjętych w ostatniej dekadzie w Unii Europejskiej, a także stanu ram organizacyjnych, ekonomicznych i regulacyjnych z ukraińskimi wykazało systemowe opóźnienie rozwiązywania problemu odpadów w Ukrainie we wdrażaniu nowych podejść koncepcyjnych, metodologicznych i praktycznych do kształtowania odpowiedniej polityki państwa. Przeanalizowano dynamikę postępowania z niektórymi rodzajami odpadów w Ukrainie. Zidentyfikowano cechy unieszkodliwiania i gospodarowania odpadami w Ukrainie. Przeprowadzono charakterystykę porównawczą dynamiki per capita wytwarzania odpadów w krajach europejskich i w Ukrainie. Powstał blokowy model systemu finansowania sektora gospodarki odpadami w Ukrainie i wyznaczono kierunki jego efektywnej gospodarki. Sformułowano priorytetowe środki polityki w zakresie gospodarki odpadami i wykorzystania zasobów wtórnych. Priorytetowo potraktowano szereg przeszkód na drodze efektywnej gospodarki odpadami w Ukrainie. W kontekście kształtowania efektywnej strategii gospodarowania odpadami zalecono uporządkowanie jej trzech elementów składowych podsystemu: wpływów (źródeł powstawania) środków, ich akumulacji oraz kosztów (wydatków). Zaproponowana struktura wskazuje na obecność wielu przepływów środków, z których każdy jest w dużej mierze autonomiczny, ale razem tworzą komplementarny system. Zaproponowano ulepszenia ram prawnych. W szczególności zaleca się przeznaczenie większych środków na reorientację istniejącego modelu gospodarczego, co stworzy nowe warunki biznesowe i zwiększy napływ inwestycji do kraju.

19

Contribution of Adam Smith into management thought

Waliczko Tomasz, Sołek-Borowska Celina

Nowoczesne Systemy Zarządzania

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2022

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T. 17, nr 2

79--86

EN

Adam Smith was the first person to identify specialization and the division of labour as the main drivers of productivity. He also conceptualized the “invisible hand principle” which explains how, under the proper set of incentives, self-interested individuals are directed to pursue activities that benefit the whole of society. Both ideas are of utmost importance in the field of management. Specifically, successful managers are those who are able to create good “rules of the game” which align the incentives of labour with the goals of the firm. Smith’s contributions provide a foundation for the division of labour and demonstrate the importance of establishing the right “institutions” within a firm, calling it a fair reward system. The paper arrives at practical implications for managers from the paper of an eighteenth-century economist. The major goal of the paper is to reflect over the decision-making process which requires vast time consumption.

PL

Adam Smith był pierwszą osobą, która zidentyfikowała specjalizację i podział pracy jako główne siły napędowe produktywności. Opracował koncepcję „niewidzialnej ręki”, która wyjaśnia, w jaki sposób, przy odpowiednim zestawie bodźców, pojedyncze jednostki nastawione na osiąganie własnych celów są kierowane do wykonywania działań przynoszących korzyści całemu społeczeństwu. Obie idee mają ogromne znaczenie w dziedzinie zarządzania. W szczególności odnoszący sukcesy menedżerowie to ci, którzy są w stanie stworzyć dobre „zasady gry”, dostosowując zachęty do pracy do celów firmy. Wkład Smitha stanowi podstawę podziału pracy i pokazuje znaczenie ustanowienia właściwych „instytucji” w firmie, nazywając to sprawiedliwym systemem wynagradzania. Artykuł nawiązuje do praktycznych implikacji dla menedżerów nawiązując do wkładu osiemnastowiecznego ekonomisty. Głównym celem artykułu jest podjęcie próby zastosowania teorii z dziedziny ekonomii do dziedziny zarządzania.

20

Wiktor Ormicki jako badacz ziem wschodnich Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej

Bukowska-Marczak Ewa

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2022

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T. 67, nr 4

9--29

EN

The article aims to present the research interests of docent Wiktor Ormicki - a geographer and lecturer at Jagiellonian University. These revolved around the aspects of the eastern territories of the Second Polish Republic and manifested, among other things, in his habilitation thesis entitled Życie gospodarcze Kresów Wschodnich Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej (The Economic Life of the Eastern Borderlands of the Republic of Poland, Kraków 1929) His interests comprised the migration issues in the northeastern voivodeships. Ormicki left notes from his research trips to the eastern borderland, which were an interesting source for the analysis of the socio-economic life in the eastern provinces of the Second Polish Republic. He described the daily activities and customs of the inhabitants of these regions. He listed economic facilities (including brickyards, distilleries, and sawmills) operating in the places he visited. He also paid attention to the towns and villages and the natural environment at the eastern border. Both the travel notes and Ormicki’s scientific works are a valuable source for researchers of everyday life and the economy of the eastern border of interwar Poland.