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1

Sustainable competencies: terminology, classification and bibliometrics

Piwowar-Sulej Katarzyna, Austen Agata

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2025

|

z. 215

461--471

EN

Purpose: The article aims to respond the following questions: 1) What are sustainable competencies? What are the components of these competencies? 2) What does the science map for sustainable competencies look like? Design/methodology/approach: The article utilizes the narrative and bibliometric review methods of papers on sustainable competencies, indexed in the Scopus database. Findings: The authors identified different approaches to the analyzed competencies. They proposed a division of sustainable competencies, taking into account different professional groups. They showed that the greatest research attention has so far been focused on higher education for sustainable development. There is a paucity of research on practices undertaken by employers as part of human resource development. Research limitations/implications: This research is limited to literature indexed in the Scopus database. Practical implications: This article educates readers about the role of sustainable competencies in today's working world. It can help them to better understand what skills are crucial for their career success. Giving concrete examples of sustainable competencies and their role in different professional fields can provide practical guidance for people who are looking for career development tips. Furthermore, the article shows how - i.e., through the use of sustainable competencies - employees can contribute to social and environmental progress. Social implications: By highlighting the importance of sustainable competencies, the paper contributes to a broader understanding and adoption of sustainability practices, ultimately leading to more sustainable societies. Originality/value: This is the first review on sustainable competencies. A division of these competencies into those required from all employees and those represented by sustainability specialists (including representatives of so-called green jobs) is proposed. The authors also formulated future research directions.

2

Green supply chain and green logistics: a bibliometric identification of key research areas

Kozar Łukasz Jarosław, Wodnicka Monika, Chomicz Gabriela, Jaksik Daniel, Śmietana Kacper Szymon

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2024

|

z. 203

189--207

EN

Purpose: The aim of the research is to identify the most frequently undertaken research areas in scientific publications addressing the issues of green supply chain and green logistics simultaneously. Design/methodology/approach: The study was planned and carried out in the period from April to August 2024. The analyzed research areas were expressed through author keywords, which were assigned to individual scientific publications through their authors. The multi-stage research process used two methods for bibliometric research (systematic literature review and classical literature review). Author keywords assigned to 111 precisely selected scientific publications were analyzed. Findings: Nine of the most frequently addressed research areas in scientific publications that simultaneously addressed green supply chain and green logistics were identified. In terms of as many as three identified research areas, there was a direct reference to the supply chain (green supply chain, green supply chain management, supply chain management). In turn, in two areas there was a reference to sustainability issues (environmental sustainability, sustainability). In addition, the issue of reverse logistics was identified as a key research area and at the same time corresponding to the issue of green logistics. Research limitations/implications: An important factor limiting the study was the choice of database for bibliometric analyses (Scopus database). In addition, the scope of the analyses undertaken was limited to the constructed bibliometric query (Q1). However, both aspects indicated simultaneously made it possible to obtain precise and consistent results of the analyses. Moreover, it becomes possible to repeat the study in the future and compare it with other constructed studies aimed at literature review. Originality/value: The study, compared to other such bibliometric analyses, is distinguished by the syntax of the constructed query. In addition, it was noted that research should be undertaken in learning more about the role and importance of logistics and supply chain greening for emerging green business ecosystems. Other relevant areas are the question of green job creation due to the greening of supply chains, or how the green skills gap affects the process of green supply chain and green logistics. The article is addressed to anyone interested in issues related to green supply chain and green logistics.

3

GIG economy and sustainable development: bibliometric analysis and identification of future research directions

Kozar Łukasz Jarosław, Bolimowski Szymon

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2024

|

z. 194

201--216

EN

Purpose: The aim of this article is to identify the most common fields of study undertaken by researchers in scientific papers covering simultaneously the gig economy and sustainable development. Design/methodology/approach: The research study used a structured literature review method. The structured bibliometric query Q1 allowed for the exploration of the Scopus database. As a result, 48 scientific studies from the period 2017-2023 were selected for analysis, which simultaneously addressed the issues of the gig economy and sustainable development. Findings: The analyses carried out showed that the issue of sustainable development is addressed in the context of the gig economy. This is a relatively new research area, as shown, for example, by the generated database of studies used for the bibliometric analyses conducted. The issues of sharing economy and decent work are important areas addressed in the context of the gig economy. It was noticed that there was a lack of author keywords covering 'green' issues. Research limitations/implications: Research results based on other databases (e.g. Web of Science) may lead to different results. It should be noted that the different bibliometric databases do not overlap, which is related to the indexing of scientific journals or publications in the databases. Nonetheless, a universal query was used in the study, which can be used in the various bibliometric databases once it has been adapted to their respective query form. In addition, the various databases are constantly being supplemented with new scientific papers, which also depends on the publishing process. Hence, the content of the Q1 query can in future be used for comparison purposes with the results obtained, or to compare different bibliometric databases with each other. Originality/value: In the discussion that followed, attention was drawn to the issues of green jobs and green self-employment. In the authors' opinion, such research directions, although not yet visible in the authors' keywords, will be developed soon in the context of studies covering the issues of the gig economy and sustainable development considering the green transformation of the economy taking place. This article is addressed to all those who are interested in the issues of the gig economy and sustainable development.

4

Exposing greenwashing: a catalyst for green economy development

Kozar Łukasz Jarosław, Bolimowski Szymon

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

|

z. 197

365--385

EN

Purpose: Two closely related research objectives have been constructed, aimed at exploring scientific studies dealing simultaneously with the issues of greenwashing and the green economy. The first objective is to identify the most frequently undertaken research areas in the indicated area. While the second objective of the study is to identify the green research areas highlighted by researchers through the author's keywords. Design/methodology/approach: The study used two research methods (systematic literature review and classical literature review). The bibliometric queries created allowed the exploration of two databases (Scopus and Web of Science). The result of the exploration carried out in the research procedure was the selection for analysis of 37 scientific papers that simultaneously dealt with the issues of greenwashing and the green economy. Findings: The analyses carried out showed that the issue addressed is a relatively new research area, and thus further development of research in this area can be expected in the future. Conclusions of the analysis lead to the conclusion that greenwashing is a very unfavorable phenomenon that contributes to the problem of correct verification of the scale of greening the economy. Hence the need to expose this type of practice. Research limitations/implications: Conducting research based on other databases can lead to different results in terms of the green research areas identified. This issue is because the various bibliometric databases do not overlap. The indicated aspect is shown in the article by presenting the issue of Scopus and Web of Science databases. In the study, however, universal bibliometric queries were used. They can be applied to various bibliometric databases after their proper syntactic adjustment. The queries used (Q1 and Q2) can be reused in the future for comparative purposes of changes over time. Originality/value: Promising future research directions around greenwashing and the green economy were identified. Such areas could be, especially, the question of the impact of greenwashing practices on the creation of quality green jobs, or the issue of the green skills gap. The article is aimed primarily at researchers addressing the issues of greenwashing and the green economy in their deliberations.

5

15-minute city: identifying current and setting future research directions

Kozar Łukasz Jarosław, Matusiak Małgorzata, Bolimowski Szymon

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

|

z. 197

387--405

EN

Purpose: The main aim of the research was to identify the most common research areas in scientific publications addressing the issue of the 15-minute city, which were expressed by researchers of the concept through the author's keywords. An additional aim of the analyses undertaken was to identify key green research areas in the scientific studies analyzed. Design/methodology/approach: The study was planned and conducted from November 2023 to May 2024. To achieve the aims of the study, the method of systematic literature review and classical literature review was used. 126 scientific publications were analyzed. Findings: The analyses conducted showed that the issue of the 15-minute city is a relatively new and still area-evolving research concept. Numerous research threads are raised around this issue. Nonetheless, the most frequently discussed issue is the proximity and accessibility to city residents of facilities with social functions, which are defined as essential or basic. Even though green issues have been discussed in most of the scientific publications analyzed (mainly the issue of green spaces, green areas, and green zones), issues that can be directly linked to the issue of the green economy have been a marginal research thread. Research limitations/implications: The study is limited by the choice of the database for bibliometric analysis (Scopus database) and the content of the bibliometric query. Hence, the same study based on a different database may result in different results (a problem further described in the article). The Q1 bibliometric query can be repeated in the future or applied to other databases (provided the record is adjusted). Thus, the study is reproducible and can provide a point of comparison for other researchers of the 15-minute city in the future. Originality/value: Directions for future research at the intersection of the 15-minute city concept and green economy issues were proposed. In terms of this issue, among other things, the research issue of green jobs (one of the key pillars of the green labor market) was highlighted. In addition, it was pointed out that the concept of the 15-minute city applied in practice can stimulate the formation of a green business ecosystem in cities. The article is addressed to anyone interested in the issues of the 15-minute city.

6

Quantifying the green skills potential in the polish economy – An empirical analysis

Gajdos Artur, Antczak Elżbieta

Economics and Environment

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2024

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No. 2

art. no. 771

EN

In this study, we employ a stepwise empirical approach to identify key occupational groups for green job (GJ) creation in Poland. We use the operating register of economic entities (REGON) and Polish Labor Force Survey (BAEL) data from the period 2015-2022. The changes in REGON reflect a proxy of changes in GJ stock in sectors of economic activity (PKD-2007). We estimate trends of green employment. Most sectors and many occupational groups have seen increases in GJ, except for agriculture, where the downward trend in employment has had a significant influence on the green labour market. Our findings will be useful when formulating policy recommendations for educational institutions, employment institutions, local governments, government institutions, investors, employers and students.

PL

W niniejszym opracowaniu dokonaliśmy identyfikacji kluczowych grup zawodowych dla oszacowania potencjału tworzenia zielonych miejsc pracy w Polsce. Wykorzystaliśmy dane z krajowego rejestru podmiotów gospodarki narodowej (REGON) oraz dane z Badania Aktywności Ekonomicznej Ludności (BAEL). W proponowanej metodzie założyliśmy, że zmiany w REGON odzwierciedlają przybliżenie zmiany zasobu GJ w sektorach działalności gospodarczej (PKD-2007) i grupach zawodowych. Oceniliśmy trendy zielonego zatrudnienia w latach 2015-2022. Większość sektorów i wiele grup zawodowych odnotowała wzrost zielonego zatrudnienia, z wyjątkiem. m.in. rolnictwa. Co więcej spadające zatrudnienie w tym sektorze ma znaczący wpływ na zielony rynek pracy. Nasze ustalenia mogą być przydatne przy formułowaniu rekomendacji dla systemu edukacji, instytucji zatrudnienia, samorządów lokalnych, inwestorów, pracodawców i studentów.

7

Human capital for the green economy

Kozera-Kowalska Magdalena

Economics and Environment

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2024

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No. 1

art. no. 674

EN

This study aims to assess the market availability of human capital for the needs of the green economy under the conditions of the changing labour market in Poland. It is a theoretical and analytical study based on desk research and critical analysis of available factual information. Based on an analysis of quantitative data describing the age structure and education of Poles from the perspective of three consecutive decades, a growing labour supply deficit was found. It also points to a possible shortage of competencies needed to green the economy. It was emphasised that, in view of the low effectiveness of the state's prevention policy aimed at preventing the growing demographic crisis, it would be necessary to supplement the shortage of workers from external resources, that is, labour migration. However, this may also be difficult because the labour markets in other European countries become increasingly competitive. Recommended solutions to foster labour market sustainability for the green economy may be to delay the exit of employees from the labour market, boost female economic activity, and make the education system more efficient.

PL

Celem artykułu jest ocena rynkowej dostępności kapitału ludzkiego na potrzeb zielonej gospodarki w warunkach zmieniającego się rynku pracy w Polsce. Opracowanie ma charakter teoretyczno-analityczny. Zostało przygotowane z wykorzystaniem metody deskresearch oraz analizy krytycznej dostępnych informacji o charakterze faktualnym. Na podstawie danych ilościowych opisujących strukturę wieku oraz wykształcenie Polaków w perspektywie trzech kolejnych dekad stwierdzono rosnący deficyt podaży pracy. Wskazano także na możliwy niedobór kompetencji niezbędnych dla zazielenienia gospodarki. Pokreślono, że wobec niskiej skuteczności polityki państwa w zakresie zapobiegania narastającemu kryzysowi demograficznemu koniecznym będzie uzupełninie niedoboru pracowników z zasobów zewnętrznych tj. migracją zarobkową. Może to jednak być również utrudnione w związku z rosnącą konkurencyjnością rynków pracy innych państw Europy. Rekomendowanymi rozwiązaniami sprzyjającymi zrównoważeniu rynku pracy dla zielonej gospodarki może być opóźnienie wyjścia pracowników z rynku pracy, zwiększenia aktywności zawodowej kobiet oraz poprawa skuteczności systemu edukacyjnego.

8

Green competences: A review and future research in the context of green human resource management

Sulich Adam, Kozar Łukasz Jarosław

Economics and Environment

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2024

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No. 2

art. no. 713

EN

This paper offers a bibliometric analysis of Green Competences (GCs) within Green Human Resource Management (GHRM). With the growing recognition of business sustainability, organizations are increasingly adopting green practices in GHRM. Therefore, GCs are often redefined in research and are presented in light of specific keywords explored in this bibliometric study. The article aims to present and explore various GCs definitions and scientific interest areas. This study uses the triangulation method based on Classical and Structured Literature Review. Query characteristics were explained and provide an inspiration for other researchers interested in GCs in GHRM context and provide information about reproducibility or future research directions. The paper also outlines future research direction towards a green psychological contract, focusing on aligning employee and management commitment to environmental norms and values, and provides theoretical insights and managerial recommendations for sustainable business practices.

PL

Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia analizę bibliometryczną zielonych kompetencji (GC) w ramach zielonego zarządzania zasobami ludzkimi (GHRM). Wraz z rosnącym uznaniem dla zrównoważonego rozwoju biznesu, organizacje coraz częściej stosują zielone praktyki w GHRM. Dlatego też kompetencje te są często redefiniowane w badaniach i przedstawiane w świetle konkretnych słów kluczowych badanych w tym badaniu bibliometrycznym. Artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie i zbadanie różnych definicji GC i obszarów zainteresowań naukowych. W badaniu zastosowano triangulację metod opartą na klasycznym i ustrukturyzowanym przeglądzie literatury. Charakterystyka zapytań została wyjaśniona i stanowi inspirację dla innych badaczy zainteresowanych GC w kontekście GHRM oraz dostarcza informacji na temat powtarzalności lub przyszłych kierunków badań. W artykule nakreślono również przyszły kierunek badań w kierunku zielonego kontraktu psychologicznego, koncentrując się na dostosowaniu zaangażowania pracowników i kierownictwa do norm i wartości środowiskowych, a także przedstawiono teoretyczne spostrzeżenia i zalecenia menedżerskie dotyczące zrównoważonych praktyk biznesowych.

9

Zielone miejsca pracy

Kowalczyk Artur

Energia i Recykling : gospodarka obiegu zamkniętego

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2023

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nr 3

PL

Można pracować ekologicznie i jednocześnie rozwijać gospodarkę, zwiększając zatrudnienie, działając innowacyjnie, ograniczając ilość odpadów i chroniąc środowisko. Zielone miejsca pracy w związku z rozwojem GOZ-u, OZE itp. już za chwilę mogą stanowić prawdziwy boom na rynku pracy.

10

European Educational Concept in Environmental- Nature- and Climate- Protection to safeguard a cross border sustainable development. Project Erasmus+

Kasztelewicz A., Tomaszewska B.

Technika Poszukiwań Geologicznych

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2018

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R. 57, nr 1

165--172

EN

In view of climate change and responding to political, economic and ecological challenges the number of “green” jobs are expected to rise. This will have an impact on education and training, and also on the long-life learning processes. The paper presents some works done in the frame of the Erasmus+ project “European Educational Concept in Environmental-, Nature, and Climate- Protection to safeguard a cross-border sustainable development.

PL

W obliczu znacznych zmian klimatycznych oraz rosnącego zanieczyszczenia środowiska oczekuje się, że tworzenie tzw. zielonych miejsc pracy pozwoli przeciwdziałaniu degradacji środowiska oraz zmniejszy bezrobocie. Będzie mieć także wpływ na edukację. W artykule przedstawiono niektóre prace wykonane w ramach projektu Erasmus+ pt. Europejska koncepcja edukacyjna w zakresie ochrony środowiska oraz klimatu w celu zapewnienia zrównoważonego rozwoju transgranicznego.

11

Green economy for sustainable environment: Slovenian perspective

Avsec S., Kaučič B.

Środowisko Mieszkaniowe

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2017

|

nr 21

62--71

EN

Sustainable development of built environment is necessary much more than in the past, but a very stringent monitoring of environmental impacts is needed to get economic balance and social acceptance of the constructions. Green economy generates new jobs and the new culture, but reliable assessment of net green revenues is still lacking. Moreover, construction sector faces with more than 50% of waste generated in total scale, 40% of all consumed energy, and 35% of CO2 released emissions. This study aims to provide more insights in green sectors, and the evaluation of sustainability. Green public procurement along with the circular economy was found as the right measure towards green sustainability where environmental, economic, and social aspects are harmonized.

12

Ecological innovations as a chance for sustainable development - directions and obstacles in their implementation

Zarębska J., Michalska M.

Management

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2016

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Vol. 20, no. 2

49--64

EN

Ecological innovations (eco-innovations) can be considered from the standpoint of innovations implemented within the company in order to: improve organizational and management methods, production process, products, marketing, external relations with the environment and society. They are also a chance for professional development (the so-called green jobs) or can be viewed in terms of consumer interest. Consumer interest in ecoinnovations, and subsequently growth in sales of products and services, influence the effectiveness of innovations and worthiness of their further funding. Eco-innovations, however, are not limited only to the company and the services, but also the quality of life and environment protection, inevitably followed by the present and future sustainable development. In the paper all the above has been presented with GUS, PARP, UE and the Division of Environment and Public Sector Economy Management (University of Zielona Góra) studies. The research involved eco-innovations in companies and indicated the directions and obstacles of their implementation in Poland.

PL

Innowacje ekologiczne (ekoinnowacje) można rozpatrywać z punktu widzenia innowacji wdrażanych w przedsiębiorstwie w celu: ulepszenia metod organizacji i zarządzania, produkcji, produktu, marketingu, relacji zewnętrznych ze środowiskiem i społeczeństwem, jak również jako szansa rozwoju zawodowego – tzw. zielonych miejsc pracy, czy pod względem zainteresowania konsumentów. Od zainteresowania konsumentów ekoinnowacjami, a w rezultacie od wzrostu sprzedaży produktów i usług, zależy efektywność innowacji i ich dalszy sens finansowania. Ekoinnowacje to jednak nie tylko przedsiębiorstwo i usługi, to również komfort życia i ochrona środowiska, a co za tym się kryje, również obecny i przyszły zrównoważony rozwój. W artykule omówiono powyższe zagadnienia prezentując wyniki badań GUS, PARP, UE i Katedry ZŚiGP Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego dotyczące ekoinnowacji przedsiębiorstw oraz wskazano kierunki i przeszkody ich implementacji w warunkach Polski.

13

Zielone zawody szansą na podniesienie efektywności energetycznej

Łukasik Z., Kozyra J.

Logistyka

|

2016

|

nr 1

285--289, CD1

PL

W Polsce promuje się rozwiązania mające na celu wdrażanie eko-innowacji produktowych, technologicznych i organizacyjnych. Ponadto realizuje się działania i kampanie mające doprowadzić do takich zmian zachowań konsumentów, które spowodują wzrost PKB, poprawę jakości życia, poprawę efektywności energetycznej i obniżenie emisji zanieczyszczeń. Proponowane w tym zakresie rozwiązania są zbieżne z celami zamieszczonymi w dokumentach UE. Podkreśla się w nich potrzebę tworzenia warunków dla trwałego rozwoju, opartego o efektywne i zrównoważone wykorzystanie zasobów naturalnych. W artykule przedstawiono ideę „Zielonej gospodarki” oraz „Zielonych zawodów” wdrażaną dla potrzeb eko – innowacji i poprawy efektywności energetycznej przemysłu. Przedstawiono wymagane umiejętności dla wykonywania nowych zawodów a także sprecyzowano przykładowe nazwy zielonych zawodów. Wyszczególniono czynniki, które dzięki zastosowaniu innowacyjnych zawodów zapewnią poprawę efektywności energetycznej polskiej gospodarki.

EN

In Poland it promotes solutions aimed at implementing eco-innovation product, technological and organizational. In addition, implementing actions and campaigns designed to lead to such changes in consumer behavior, which will result in GDP growth, improving quality of life, improve energy efficiency and reduce emissions. Proposed solutions in this area are consistent with the objectives set out in EU documents. They emphasize the need to create conditions for sustainable development, based on efficient and sustainable use of natural resources. The article presents the idea of "Green economy" and "Green professions" implemented for eco - innovation and improving energy efficiency in industry. It shows the required skills to perform new jobs and clarified the sample names of green jobs. Listed factors that thanks to innovative competition will ensure improved energy efficiency of the Polish economy.

14

Recykling i zagospodarowanie odpadów a "zielone miejsca pracy".

Gola R.

Recykling

|

2004

|

nr 9

22-23

PL

W ciągu ostatnich dwóch lat zagadnieniu tworzenia "zielonych miejsc pracy" w Polsce poświęcono kilka konferencji, którym patronowało Ministerstwo Środowiska. Podczas nich wskazano przede wszystkim szanse tworzenia miejsc pracy w ochronie środowiska w związku z nowymi regulacjami prawnymi, wynikającymi z akcesji Polski do Unii Europejskiej.