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1

Od liniowych do cyklicznych peptydów : chemiczne podstawy i znaczenie biologiczne

Tymoszewicz-Gaida Radosław, Wojaczyńska Elżbieta

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2025

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[Z] 79, 9-10

629--643

EN

Cyclic peptides represent a unique class of biomolecules characterized by enhanced structural rigidity, metabolic stability, and target specificity compared to their linear counterparts. This review explores the fundamental aspects of cyclic peptide structure and synthesis, highlighting the diverse cyclization mechanisms. We examine their functional roles across natural and synthetic systems. Particular attention is given to their emerging therapeutic applications, including the use as antimicrobial, anticancer, and immunomodulatory agents. By integrating recent advances in peptide engineering and drug design, this article underscores the expanding potential of cyclic peptides as versatile platforms for next-generation therapeutics.

2

Naturalne i syntetyczne substancje zapachowe : funkcjonalne surowce dla przemysłu

Surowiak Alicja K., Balcerzak Justyna, Baberowska Kinga, Bacińska Zuzanna, Strub Daniel J.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2025

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[Z] 79, 9-10

825--849

EN

This article provides a comprehensive overview of natural and synthetic fragrance substances and their functional significance across multiple industrial sectors. It discusses the role of aroma compounds in cosmetics, food production, household chemicals, and therapeutic applications, highlighting their contribution to sensory perception and consumer experience. The article explores the main types of fragrance materials, including essential oils and solvent extracts, along with the benefits and challenges associated with their production. A separate focus is placed on synthetic fragrances, detailing both their historical development and current industrial relevance. Importantly, the article addresses the growing application of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in the design, prediction, and personalization of fragrance and flavor compounds. Regulatory frameworks related to fragrance safety and labeling in the European Union are also reviewed. The paper emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary research to support sustainable innovation, consumersafety, and environmental responsibility in the evolving fragrance industry.

3

Photophysical and biological studies on structurally modified chlorophenyl-substituted pyrazolone derivatives

Naglah Ahmed M., Almehizia Abdulrahman A., Maniyar A.K., Marrakkur Vidyagayatri, Naik Lohit

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2024

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Vol. 26, nr 4

114--122

EN

In this study, chlorophenyl-substituted pyrazolone derivatives (5a–5c) were synthesized via the Baylis-Hillman acetate reaction. Comprehensive physicochemical characterization was conducted using 1H-NMR, FT-IR, and mass spectroscopy. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6-31(G) level was employed to optimize molecular geometries and investigate electronic properties, revealing predominantly planar structures, with notable deviations in the pyrazole group. The HOMO and LUMO analyses showed π-delocalization across the entire molecule, with charge-transfer transitions dominating the excited states. Global Chemical Reactivity Descriptors (GCRD), including chemical potential, hardness, and electrophilicity index, were used to assess molecular stability and reactivity, indicating the molecules’ resistance to electron cloud deformation. Biological evaluations revealed exceptional antimicrobial and antifungal activities of the derivatives, with compound 5a demonstrating the highest efficacy against S. aureus, E. coli, A. niger and C. albicans. Furthermore, antiproliferative studies against HepG2 liver carcinoma cells showed that compound 5a exhibited superior anticancer activity (IC50 = 6 μg/mL), attributed to its structural features, such as chlorophenyl groups and a piperidin-4-one moiety. These moieties enhance the compound’s lipophilicity, facilitating cell membrane penetration and ROS generation, which contribute to apoptosis and inhibition of cancer cell growth. The findings suggest that chlorophenyl-pyrazolone derivatives, particularly 5a, hold promise as potent candidates for antimicrobial and anticancer therapies, paving the way for further pharmaceutical development.

4

Nitrosubstituted analogs of isoxazolines and isoxazolidines: a surprising estimation of their biological activity via molecular docking

Zawadzińska Karolina, Gostyński Bartłomiej

Scientiae Radices

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2023

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Vol. 2, Iss. 1

25--46

EN

The biological activities in the field of antimicrobial application of trihalomethylated isoxazolines and isoxazolidines were investigated by means of molecular docking. In our work, we compared these two groups of heterocyclic compounds due to their strength of non-covalent binding affinity with several exemplary proteins that are known to partake in various biological processes. The obtained results show that the investigated compounds possess higher binding affinities to selected proteins than many hitherto known and applied compounds.

5

Synteza kilku nowych związków heterocyklicznych z chalkonów

Saeed Banan Borhan, Saeed Zainab Faiyq, Dawood Nagham M. Zaki

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2023

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T. 102, nr 9

884--894

PL

Przeprowadzono syntezę 1-(4-nitrofenylo)-3-fenyloprop-2-en-1-onu (chalkon) oraz dokonano jego konwersji z mocznikiem/tiomocznikiem w środowisku stężonego kwasu solnego do odpowiednio 4-(4-nitrofenylo)-6-fenylopirymidyno-2(1H)-onu (3) i do 4-(4-nitrofenylo)-6-fenylopirymidyno-2(1H)-tionu (4), lub w środowisku alkalicznym (etanolowym) do 4-(4-nitrofenylo)-6H-1,3-oksazyno-2-aminy (1) i 4-(4-nitrofenylo)-6-fenylo-6H-1,3-tiazyno-2-aminy (2). Aminy te przeprowadzono w związki diazoniowe i poddano reakcji z kilkoma drugorzędowymi aminami w celu otrzymania 2-(3,3-dialkilotriaz-1-en-1-ylo)-4-(4-nitrofenylo)-6-fenylo-6H-1,3-oksazyn/tiazyn (5-14). Ich strukturę potwierdzono metodami spektroskopowymi (IR, ¹H-NMR). Zbadano też aktywność biologiczną związków 1-7 w stosunku do bakterii Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli i Klebsiella spp. oraz drożdży Candida albicans. Dokonano również oceny ich farmakokinetyki i użyteczności dla chemii medycznej, a także wpływu na pracę serca. Stwierdzono, że związki 1, 2 i 4 wykazały dobrą aktywność biologiczną.

EN

1-(4-Nitrophenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one (chalcone) was synthesized by condensation of benzaldehyde with 4-nitroacetophenone in alk. EtOH and then converted with urea or thiourea in concd. HCl soln. to 4-(4-nitrophenyl)-6-phenylpyrimidin-2(1H)-one or to 4-(4-nitrophenyl)-6-phenylpyrimidin-2(1H)-thione and in alk. EtOH to 4-(4-nitrophenyl)-6-phenyl-6H-1,3-oxazin/thiazin-2-amines. The amines were converted to resp. diazonium salts and reacted with sec. amines to obtain 2-(3,3-dialkyltriaz-1-en-1-yl)-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-6-phenyl-6H-1,3-oxazine\thiazine), where alkyldiazenyl substituents were: 2-ethylpiperidin-1-yldiazenyl, 9H-carbazol-9-yldiazenyl, morpholinodiazenyl, 3,3-diisobutyltriaz-1-en-1-yl and 3,3-dibutyltriaz-1-en-1-yl. The oxazines and thiazines were identified by IR and ¹H-NMR spectroscopies and studied for their biol. activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. bacteria and Candida albicans yeast. The med. friendliness and pharmacokinetics of the molecules as well as their effects on heart functions were evaluated. The 4-(4-nitrophenyl)-6-phenylpyrimidin-2(1H)-thione and 4-(4-nitrophenyl)-6-phenyl-6H-1,3-oxazin/thiazin-2-amines showed good biol. activity.

6

Tunisian inland water microflora as a source of phycobiliproteins and biological activity with beneficial effects on human health

Gharbi Khaled, Fathalli Afef, Essid Rym, Fassatoui Chiheb, Romdhane Mohamed Salah, Limam Ferid, Rejeb Jenhani Amel Ben

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2021

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Vol. 50, No. 4

385--397

EN

Ten monoclonal microalgal cultures were obtained from several Tunisian inland water bodies, and their dichloromethane and methanolic extracts were screened for antibacterial, antileishmanial, and antioxidant properties, as well as phycobiliprotein production capacity. Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii has been shown to synthesize high levels of phycocyanin and may be an effective alternative source to other sources used for commercial production of phycocyanin. Chroococcus sp. and Leptolyngbya sp1. exhibited the strongest radical scavenging activity against DPPH (IC50 = 212.15 and 263.91 μg ml−1, respectively), indicating their promising potential for use as new effective and non-toxic antioxidants. Furthermore, Dunaliella sp. showed an interesting antileishmanial activity against the pathogens Leishmania infantum and Leishmania major (IC50 = 151 and 284 μg ml−1, respectively), thus representing a good candidate for use against cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in Tunisia, a country endemic to these diseases where thousands of new cases are registered every year. These results suggest that the strains of microalgae featured in this work have the potential to serve as natural alternative, safe and sustainable sources of high value-added products that could be used to improve the final biomass value.

7

Influence of pesticides on the biological activity of light chestnut soils in South-East Kazakhstan

Tukenova Zulfiya, Mustafayev Mustafa, Alimzhanova Mereke, Akylbekova Turar, Ashimuly Kazhybek

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2021

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no. 48

141--147

EN

The paper discusses the impact of pesticides on the biological activity of soils, as well as an environmental assessment of the state of light chestnut soils by the Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Crop Production with the aim to establish diagnostic indicators that reduce biological activity. The study covers physical, chemical and biological properties of soils under crops of winter wheat in the light chestnut soil in the South-East of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The content of pesticides in soil samples was determined using the gas chromatography mass-spectrometric method. The paper shows results of the chromatographic analysis of soil samples regarding the content of pesticides. The study of changes of light chestnut soil biological activity was conducted to determine their relative resistance to pesticide contamination. Data obtained revealed the degree of light chestnut soil resistance to pesticide contamination. The study also identified species of soil invertebrates, as well as soil enzymes that should be used as bioindicators for the monitoring of the contamination with pesticides. Results obtained expand knowledge about changes in the biological activity of light chestnut soils due to pesticide contamination in the ecosystems of South-East Kazakhstan. In contrast to abundance indicators, the results suggest that the species composition of soil organisms can be used as a criterion for a qualitative assessment of the soil exposure to pesticides.

8

Nukleozydo i oligonukleozydo boranofosfoniany : metody syntezy i wybrane właściwości biologiczne

Gołębiewska Justyna

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2020

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[Z] 74, 7-8

477--506

EN

Interest in boron-containing compounds has grown in recent years due to their potential medicinal and biochemical applications. Nucleoside boranephosphonates are analogues of naturally occurring nucleoside phosphates in which one of the non- bridging oxygen atom has been replaced by a BH3 group [1]. This modification imparts unique biological properties to nucleotides and nucleic acids. DNA and RNA fragments containing boranephosphonate internucleotide linkages are resistant to various nucleases, stimulate the RNase H activity, and reveal high lipophilicity, which significantly enhances their cellular uptake [2]. The hydrolytic stability and nuclease resistance make these compounds attractive candidates in designing new therapeutics and medicinal diagnostics. Considering these characteristics nucleoside boranephosphonates constitute a promising class of nucleotide analogues worth exploring for biological purposes.

9

Fluorowany motyw w aktywnych biologicznie peptydomimetykach

Koroniak-Szejn Katarzyna, Rapp Magdalena

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2020

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[Z] 74, 3-4

145--179

EN

Incorporation of fluorine atom or fluoroalkyl group into molecules, often induces a remarkable effect upon the physical and chemical properties leading to significant changes of its reactivity [1-5], therefore this modification is often used in the synthesis of drugs and biologically active compounds [6, 7]. The change in reactivity has far-reaching consequences, affects bond energy in the molecule, acidity and alkalinity, hydrogen bond formation and the geometry of the molecule [1-5]. The change in acid-base properties and polarity forced by a fluorine or fluorinated motif in the modified amino acid or peptide molecule has already found numerous applications in bioisosteric mimetics [9]. In addition, using a fluorine atom as a probe, conformation determination and stereochemistry of receptor interaction become more effective due to the possibility of using 19F NMR spectroscopy. The stereoselective introduction of fluorine atoms can therefore be exploited as a conformational tool for the synthesis of shape-controlled functional molecules. Particular attention has been paid to fluorinated peptidomimetics due to the huge variety of their biological activity. Proteins play a significant role in drug design and synthesis. Peptide binding in living organisms is quite labile which is associated with the presence of proteolytic enzymes. Therefore, to prevent protein hydrolysis, new, modified compounds are thought to mimic the properties and functions of peptide bond. These types of compounds are called peptidomimetics. In this monograph, we will focus on the biologically active fluorinated peptidomimetics, in which the amide bond has been replaced by a fluorinated group and thus they can "mimic" peptide bond functions (pseudopeptides). Other peptidomimetics with typical amide bond, but in which the remaining part of the molecule has been modified by introducing a fluorinated group or fluorine (peptide analogs) will also be discussed. The main goal of this work, however, is to demonstrate the beneficial effect of fluorine on the properties of the modified compounds and associated with it consequences. The superior goal of this work, however, is to demonstrate the unique effect of fluorine on the properties of the target compounds and in the design of higher order structures reflecting a more sophisticated molecular construction that broadens biological mimesis.

10

Kwas cykoriowy i jego właściwości lecznicze

Choińska Renata, Zawadzka Małgorzata, Golonko Aleksandra, Świsłocka Renata, Lewandowski Włodzimierz

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2020

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T. 99, nr 8

1210--1214

PL

Kwas cykoriowy to naturalny kwas fenolowy, stosowany jako nutrauceutyczny składnik żywności w związku z wykazywanym działaniem prozdrowotnym o charakterze przeciwutleniającym, przeciwwirusowym, przeciwnowotworowym, przeciwzapalnym, przeciwcukrzycowym oraz przeciwmiażdżycowym. Zdolność do dezaktywacji wolnych rodników, generowanych w nadmiernych ilościach w komórkach w odpowiedzi na niekorzystne czynniki środowiskowe i niewłaściwą dietę, jest kluczową jego cechą, określającą potencjał aplikacyjny. W celu zwiększenia efektywności antyutleniającej zaproponowano m.in. zmiany w strukturze elektronowej cząsteczki kwasu poprzez tworzenie kompleksów z nietoksycznymi metalami. Dokonano przeglądu właściwości kwasu cykoriowego i oceny dotychczas przeprowadzonych prób mających na celu zwiększenie aktywności antyutleniającej poprzez poprawę biodostępności.

EN

A review, with 61 refs., of curative properties of chicory acid and its derivatives esp. metal complexes.

11

Tridentate hydrazido-hydrazones vanadium complexes. Synthesis, properties and biological activity

Szklarzewicz Janusz, Jurowska Anna, Hodorowicz Maciej, Matoga Dariusz, Gryboś Ryszard, Filipek Barbara, Sapa Jacek, Głuch-Lutwin Monika, Mordyl Barbara, Kazek Grzegorz

Science, Technology and Innovation

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2019

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Vol. 4, no. 1

9--20

EN

Nine new vanadium complexes, with tridentate Schiff base ligand based on 3,5-di-tertbutyl-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and different hydrazides, are described and characterized. The X-ray crystal structure of complex 8 shows distorted octahedral geometry of vanadium, with ONO ligand in equatorial position. The tridentate Schiff base ligand forms six membered and five-membered chelate rings at the V(V) acceptor center, with the corresponding bite angles being 82.97(9)˚ and 74.48(9)˚. The molecules are gathered by means of intermolecular OH...N hydrogen bond and layered by π...π interactions involving the pyridine and phenolate rings. Such interactions expand the structure along the crystallographic a axis. The complexes were characterized by the elemental analyses, IR, UV-Vis, EPR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, thermogravimetry and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The stabilization role of co-ligands is discussed. The cytotoxicity versus HepG2 hepatocytes and inhibition of human recombinant PTP1B was studied.

12

Tiosemikarbazony : właściwości koordynacyjne w aspekcie aktywności biologicznej

Ostrowska M., Toporivska Y., Pyrkosz-Bulska M., Gumienna-Kontecka E.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2018

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[Z] 72, 7-8

449--467

EN

Thiosemicarbazones are considered to be potential therapeutics, because they possess a broad range of biological properties including antitumor, antimalarial and antimicrobial activity. Generally, the tiosemicarbazones coordinate to the metal centre by means of an (N,S) bidentate mode, and when an additional coordinating group is present, more diversified binding modes can occur such as a tridentate (X,N,S) coordination fashion. The stability of the metal complexes formed with the tiosemicarbazoness strongly depends on the character of the metal ion, the X-donor atom of the additional functional group and the position and type of the substituents at the tiosemicarbazones. The most prominent representative of this family is the α(N)-heterocyclic Triapine (3-aminopyridine- 2-carbaldehyde thiosemicarbazone; 3-AP), which is currently undergoing different phase-I and -II clinical trials as an antitumor agent, and demonstrates promising activity. Triapine is a very strong inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, the rate determining enzyme in the supply of deoxyribonucleotides for DNA synthesis required for cell proliferation. The mechanism of action involves most probably the formation of an iron(II)–Triapine complex, which reacts with molecular oxygen to result in the generation of reactive oxygen species. Subsequently, these reactive oxygen species are responsible for the quenching of the active-site tyrosyl radical of ribonucleotide reductase required for the enzymatic activity. As a result, the coordination chemistry of iron complexes of tiosemicarbazones has been receiving considerable attention. This review describes the coordination chemistry of tiosemicarbazones, in particular analogs of Triapine. The coordination compounds of d-block elements are discussed with respect to their bonding and structures. Several of complexes are mononuclear, with distorted tetrahedral, square planar, square pyramid or octahedral as their common geometries. The metal-binding ability of STSC at physiological pH was compared and shown. Further, various biological applications with emphasis an anticancer activity of the ligands/complexes are discussed in brief so as to indicate the importance of ligands under consideration.

13

Terapeutyczny potencjał pochodnych izotiazolowych : wpływ struktury związku na aktywność

Jęśkowiak I., Mączyński M., Ryng S.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2018

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[Z] 72, 11-12

867--885

EN

Isothiazole derivatives are compounds with potentially interesting biological activity. The work on the isothiazole ring was successfully conducted by Machoń from the Department of Organic Chemistry at Wrocław Medical University. Machoń received an isothiazole derivative – Denotivirum, which is an original Polish drug. This compound has antiviral, anti-inflammatory and bacteriostatic activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Within the group of isothiazolpyrimidine derivatives, Machoń selected a compound with a very strong antitumor effect (IP-10). This combination has gone through a preclinical study. The high antitumor activity was confirmed by the Bethesda USA Research Center, which qualified him for clinical trials [1–5]. The aim of the study was to review and evaluate the latest scientific works in the field of isothiazole derivatives and, above all, the dependence of their structure on activity. The Chemical Abstracts Database and Reaxys, together with other sources of information, was searched using isothiazole keyword. As a result of the search, the majority of works describing isothiazole derivatives for the anticancer (Tab. 1), immunological among other anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive (Tab. 2) and antiviral (Tabs 3 and 4) activity were selected. Some substances have been tested for antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal, antiparasitic, analgesic, antidiabetic and neuroprotective properties (Tab. 5). Analyzed were only compounds containing the isothiazole ring, which are not belong to condensed heterocyclic compounds such as benzoisothiazoles, isothiazolpyridines or furoisothiazoles. In conclusion, the most interesting works presented herein illustrate a wide range of activities of isothiazole derivatives depending on their structure, which also extend the scope of biological research revealing previously barren activities of this group of compounds.

14

Farmakologiczna aktywność flawonoidów i aminoflawonów

Szeliga D., Korabik M., Ochocki J.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2018

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[Z] 72, 7-8

563--583

EN

Aminoflavones belong to a group of flavonoids, compounds commonly found in nature. Their pharmacological and biochemical effects include cytotoxic, antioxidant and antitumor properties. The studies have shown that complexes of aminoflavons with metal ions can be potential drugs and seem to be promising in the treatment of ovarian cancer, breast cancer, lung adenocarcinoma and melanoma. In addition aminoflavones have a lower cytotoxic activity towards healthy cells than another compounds. In the view of their wide pharmacological and biological actions, they seem to have great therapeutic potential.

15

Aktywność biologiczna modyfikownych nukleozydów. Część 2

Szlenkier M.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2018

|

[Z] 72, 5-6

245--264

EN

Part II of the review describes biological activities of nucleosides modified in the position 2’ and/or 3’ of a sugar moiety including 2’- and/or 3’-deoxy, 2’,3’-dideoxydidehydro and 2’-β-C-methylated derivatives. Analogues with a changed configuration in the sugar residue and others sugar modifications will be a subject of the part III of the review. Together with the part I it would be a short but possibly comprehensive review of nucleosides’ biological activities. In the group of analogues modified in the position 2’ and/or 3’ of the sugar moiety the following derivatives among others are listed: AZT (zidovudine) – one of the key nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), which are the core of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) against virus HIV; didanosine (ddI) – another potent NRTI with medical importance; stavudine – FDA approved NRTI; zalcitabine – historically important NRTI, however, because of a high mitochondrial toxicity is no longer in use; puromycin – a wide spectrum antibiotic which causes premature chain termination during translation, isolated from Streptomyces alboniger; gemcitabine – chemotherapy medication developed by Eli Lilly and Company and used to treat ovarian, breast, pancreas, bladder cancer and non-small cell lung carcinoma; cordycepin – the most intriguing analogue extracted from Cordyceps sp. known to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for centuries, possessing multi-activity against different cancer types; cladribine – used in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, hairy cell leukemia and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas; valopicitabine – a prodrug form of 2’-C-methylcytidine, which was a promising HCV treatment agent, however, it was held during clinical trials and finally sofosbuvir developed by M.J. Sofia from Pharmasset Inc.– a ProTide prodrug form of 2’-deoxy-2’-fluoro-β-C-methyluridine 5’-monosphate, which revolutionized HCV infection therapy.

16

Aktywność biologiczna modyfikownych nukleozydów. Część 1

Szlenkier M.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2018

|

[Z] 72, 3-4

109--126

EN

Every year, hundreds of new nucleoside analogues are obtained in laboratories around the world. As early as in 1964, 3’-azidothymidine (AZT) was first synthesized, which turned out to be the main weapon in the fight against HIV viruses 20 years later. Part I of the review includes nucleosides possessing modifications in the base moiety or having other heterocyclic bases. Nucleosides modified in the sugar residue, because of a broad spectrum of examples, will be a subject of part II and III of the review. In the group of analogues modified in the base moiety the following derivatives among others are listed: 5-iodo-2’-deoxyuridine (IDU), E-5-(2- bromovinyl)-2’-deoxyuridine (BVDU), capecitabine – prodrug form of fluorouracil, 7-deazaadenosine, BCX4430 (immucillin-A) – 9-deazaadenosine derivative active against filoviruses such as Ebola virus (EBOV). In the group of nucleosides having a different heterocyclic base the following derivatives are listed: ribavirin (RBV) and its analogues – RBV triphosphate is an inhibitor of many viral enzymes involved in the replication cycle, mizoribine (MZB) – a naturally occurring nucleosidic immunosuppressor, 5-ethynyl-1-β-"-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide (EICAR) which suppresses development of murine leukemia cell lines and has a broad spectrum of activity against RNA and DNA viruses. The C-nucleosides group includes e.g. oxazinomycin – a natural antibiotic with growth inhibitory properties against gram (+), gram (–) bacteria and sarcoma, and formycin A isolated from Streptomyces lavendulae, which has cytostatic and antiviral activity.

17

Aktywność biologiczna modyfikowanych nukleozydów. Część 3

Szlenkier M.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

|

2018

|

[Z] 72, 9-10

767--787

EN

Part III of the review devoted to biological activities of nucleoside derivatives presents a further description of analogues modified in the sugar residue with particular focus on those with altered configuration in the 2’ or 3’ position, e.g. cytarabine – an old anticancer chemotherapy agent used to treat acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas; fludarabine – derivative of vidarabine used as a drug in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and non-Hodgkin lymphomas; clofarabine – approved by the FDA in 2004, a new-generation second-line drug for recurrent acute myeloid leukemia; and fialuridine – examined as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of HBV infection, however, clinical trials ended tragically. In the last section of the review derivatives with other modifications in the sugar moiety are described – carbocyclic and acyclic analogues, l-nucleosides and 5’-modified nucleosides. Among others, very important modified nucleosides are listed e.g. acyclovir, ganciclovir, DHPA, tenofovir, cyclopentenylcytosine, entecavir, carbovir, abacavir, lamivudine, telbivudine and sinefungin VA. All parts together make a possibly complete and concise review, including the latest reports, the most important groups of modified nucleosides, and should be considered as a whole. In the context of the activities description, there are references to the important molecular targets, mechanisms of action, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, resistance, in vitro and in vivo tests or prodrug strategies, which can be a starting point for further study for chemists interested in medicinal chemistry.

18

Dwa oblicza selenu. Wybrane aspekty aktywności biologicznej selenu

Golonko A., Matejczyk M.

Budownictwo i Inżynieria Środowiska

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2018

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Vol. 9, no. 2

65--74

PL

Badania ostatnich lat wskazują na bardzo cenne pod względem medycznym właściwości selenu. Zainteresowanie selenem wzrosło odkąd poznano metody jego oznaczania w materiale biologicznym i jego rolę w organizmach żywych. Selen w zależności od stężenia wykazuje właściwości antyoksydacyjne i prooksydacyjne. Ponadto w badaniach na zwierzętach oraz ludzkich i zwierzęcych liniach komórkowych wykazuje właściwości antynowotworowe. W dobie wzrostu zachorowalności na choroby nowotworowe, selen cieszy się dużym zainteresowaniem naukowców na całym świecie. Obecne wyniki badań wskazują na bardzo różnorodną aktywność biologiczną selenu. Jednym z głównych mechanizmów działania tego pierwiastka jest czynny udział w ochronie komórek przed skutkami stresu oksydacyjnego. W prezentowanej pracy przeglądowej omówiono ogólne właściwości selenu, zaprezentowano jego aktywność biologiczną i obecny stan wiedzy o jego potencjalnym działaniu antynowotworowym. Przedstawiono mechanizmy działania selenu na poziomie molekularnym.

EN

Studies of recent years indicate the very valuable properties of selenium in medical field. The interest in selenium has increased since we learned the methods of its determination in biological samples and its role in living organisms. Selenium, depending on the concentration, has antioxidant and prooxidative properties. In addition, in animal studies and human and animal cell lines, it exhibits anti-cancer properties. In the era of increased incidence of human and animal cancer, selenium is very popular among scientists around the world due to its high biological activity. Current research results highlight the various effects of selenium molecular activity. One of the main mechanisms of action of this element is active participation in the protection of cells against the effects of oxidative stress. The review presents the general properties of selenium, its biological activity and the current state of knowledge about its potential anticancer activity. Also, known molecular mechanisms of selenium activity in a living cell are mentioned.

19

Application and properties of selected flavanones

Błazińska P., Sykuła A.

Biotechnology and Food Science

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2018

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Vol. 82, nr 1

61--74

EN

Flavanones, secondary plant metabolites, are one of the main group of flavanoids. They are widely spread in nature in many plants. The large diversity of structural structure of flavanones and controlled methods of modifying their molecules have a huge impact on biological activity. The present review will summarize the current knowledge about occurrence, obtaining by chemical synthesis, application and bioactivity of flavanones. Also, they are received from specific chemical synthesis. Flavanones have a great biological activity. Derivatives of flavanone have many different properties such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial or hepatoprotective activities. These natural polyphenolic compounds are used in cosmetology, pharmacy and medicine. The demand and usage on them increases.

20

Tautomeryzm i aktywność biologiczna β-diketonów, triketonów, β-ketoestrów i β-ketoamidów : mini przegląd

Hansen P. E.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2017

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[Z] 71, 7-8

427--446

EN

The review deals with β-diketones, β-ketoester, β-ketoamides, triketones, their tautomerism and biological activity. In addition, it covers briefly methods to detect tautomerism in particular NMR and deuterium isotope effects on chemical shifts, both primary and secondary. A number of typical systems are treated such as: usnic acid, tetracyclines, piroxicam, curcurmines, humulones, acyltetramic acids and quinolone 3-esters.