Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Rola i znaczenie dźwięku w ocenie jakości żywności

Marzec Agata

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2024

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T. 78, nr 2

36--41

PL

Cechy tekstury takie jak: kruchość/ chrupkość można kontrolować metodami instrumentalnymi, w tym metodami akustycznymi polegającymi na pomiarze dźwięku wytwarzanego podczas deformacji produktów spożywczych. Dźwięk jest rodzajem sygnału fizycznego, falą sprężystą (akustyczną), wywołującą określone wrażenie słuchowe i może być zarejestrowany za pomocą mikrofonu lub sensora drgań.

EN

Texture features such as crispness/ crunchiness can be controlled using instrumental methods, including acoustic methods that involve measuring the sound produced during deformation of food products. Sound is a type of physical signal, an elastic (acoustic) wave, causing a specific auditory impression and can be registered using a microphone or a vibration sensor.

2

Wpływ procesu ozonowania na parametry tekstury, aktywność antyoksydacyjną i właściwości organoleptyczne dżemów z owoców borówki wysokiej i jabłek

Józefczyk Radosław, Szajna Anna, Balawejder Maciej

Polish Journal for Sustainable Development

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2024

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T. 28, nr 1

113--124

PL

Owoce borówki wysokiej i jabłka poddano działaniu mieszaniny powietrza z ozonem. Ozon generowany był poprzez wyładowania koronowe w stężeniu 1, 10 i 100 ppm przez 5 minut w przypadku jabłek, stanowiących wsad i 30 min w przypadku borówki amerykańskiej będącej głównym surowcem do wykonania dżemów. Wykonane dżemy zostały poddane ocenie organoleptycznej na podstawie wybranych cech sensorycznych jak: barwa, zapach, smak, konsystencja, smarowność, faktura. Ocenie została poddana również tekstura dżemu, przy użyciu maszyny wytrzymałościowej, za pomocą testu TPA, podającego następujące parametry: twardość, siła niszcząca, praca ściskania, adhezyjność, sprężystość, gumistość. Wykonano również analizy biochemiczne, wyznaczając aktywność antyoksydacyjną wobec DPPH oraz zawartość polifenoli z użyciem metody Folina-Ciocialteu. Porównanie dżemów przygotowanych z owoców borówki i jabłek poddanych procesowi ozonowania atmosferą ozonową o stężeniach 1 ppm w czasie 5 minut dla jabłek oraz 10 i 100 ppm dla owoców borówki w czasie 30 minut, wykazało, że: 1) uprzednie ozonowanie nie ma istotnego wpływu na cechy sensoryczne wykonanych z nich dżemów, z wyjątkiem użycia najwyższej dawki ozonu (100 ppm), 2) wpływa w sposób istotny, ale co do kierunku niejednoznaczny i zależny od mierzonego parametru na teksturę wyznaczoną z użyciem standardowego testu TPA (twardość, siła niszcząca, praca ściskania, adhezyjność, sprężystość, gumistość), ze wskazaniem na podniesienie twardości i wielkości pochodnych. 3) wpływa w sposób istotny na aktywność antyoksydacyjną dżemów borówkowych oraz zawartość polifenoli dżemów jabłkowych. 4) ponadto, oceniane parametry sensoryczne i tekstury oraz aktywność antyoksydacyjna i zawartość polifenoli w gotowych dżemach, w istotny sposób zależą od rodzaju użytego owocu.

EN

The comparison of jams prepared from blueberry fruit and apples subjected to the ozonation process with the ozone atmosphere concentrated from 1 ppm during 5 minutes for apples as well as from 10 and 100 ppm for blueberry fruits during 30 minutes showed the below observations: 1) Prior ozonation of highbush blueberries and apples has no significant effect on the sensory properties of the prepared jams except when using the highest dose of ozone (100 ppm). 2) Prior ozonation of blueberry and apple fruits has a significant, but ambiguous and dependent on the measured parameter, effect on the texture determined using the standard TPA test (hardness, destructive force, compressive work, adhesiveness, elasticity, gumminess), with the indication to increase the hardness and size of derivatives. 3) Prior ozonation of blueberry fruit and apples significantly contributes to the antioxidant activity of blueberry jams and the content of polyphenols in apple jams. 4) The assessed sensory parameters and textures as well as antioxidant activity and polyphenol content in ready-made jams greatly depend on the sort of fruit used. Blueberry and apple fruits were treated with mixed air and ozone at the same. Ozone was generated by corona discharges at concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 ppm for 5 minutes on apples constituting as a major batch and 30 minutes on blueberries as the main input material. The jams were subjected to organoleptic evaluation on the basis of selected sensory characteristics such as: colour, aroma, taste, consistency, spreadability, texture. The texture of the jam was assessed with the following parameters: hardness, destructive force, compressive work, adhesiveness, elasticity, gumminess. Moreover, there were also conducted biochemical analyzes of antioxidant activity using the DPPH method (as the equivalent of Trolox per 100 g of fruit) and the amount of polyphenols using the Folin- Ciocialteu method as the equivalent of gallic acid (mg of GAE per 100 g of fruit).

3

Verification of the road construction quality of concrete pavement in terms of skid resistance assessing

Wasilewska Marta, Gierasimiuk Paweł, Zadrożny Krzysztof

Materiały Budowlane

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2024

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nr 11

86--96

EN

The paper presents a comparison of friction coefficient results obtained with two SRT-3 devices on a concrete surface before the consent for its use. Measurements were taken in four locations on the S7 expressway. The surface was made using exposed aggregate textured concrete technology. Results were recorded after shotblasting and hydroblasting of the pavement. Significant differences were shown between the reliable friction coefficients (above 0.05) obtained with two devices on the same sections on the same day or in short time intervals. As a consequence, the condition of the road surface cannot be clearly verified. Therefore, the source of variability should be determined and tools that would prevent obtaining divergent results should be implemented in the quality control system. Otherwise, the results do not guarantee a reliable assessment of the surface in terms of preventing its slipperiness and thus user safety.

PL

W artykule porównano wyniki współczynnika tarcia na nawierzchni betonowej przed oddaniem jej do użytkowania i w jego okresie otrzymane dwoma urządzeniami SRT-3. Pomiary te prowadzono w czterech lokalizacjach drogi ekspresowej S7. Nawierzchnię wykonano w technologii betonowej teksturowanej metodą odkrytego kruszywa. Na dwóch odcinkach, spośród czterech, ocenę właściwości przeciwpoślizgowych prowadzono po zabiegach śrutowania i hydroblastingu. Wykazano istotne różnice pomiędzy miarodajnymi współczynnikami tarcia (powyżej 0,05) otrzymanymi dwoma urządzeniami na tych samach odcinkach, w tym samym dniu lub w krótkich odstępach czasu. W konsekwencji nie było możliwe jednoznaczne zweryfikowanie stanu nawierzchni pod kątem oceny właściwości przeciwpoślizgowych. Należałoby określić źródło zmienności i wdrożyć do kontroli systemu jakości takie narzędzia, które zapobiegałyby otrzymaniu rozbieżnych wyników. W przeciwnym wypadku wyniki nie gwarantują rzetelnej oceny nawierzchni w aspekcie zapobiegania jej śliskości, a tym samym bezpieczeństwa użytkowników.

4

Application of geometric parameters in texture analysis of traditional stone walls

Gorączko Aleksandra, Gorączko Marcin

Materiały Budowlane

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2024

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nr 11

157--162

EN

The article presents the methodological basis of the proposed typology of façade textures for traditional rural and small-town buildings constructed of natural stone. Such structures can still be found in Poland, mainly in the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland, Lublin, Kielce, and Silesian regions, as well as further north, in the central part of the country. Increasingly, these types of buildings, due to their historical and architectural significance, are being protected by conservation efforts, revitalized, or designated as regional standards for contemporary construction projects. The premise for the undertaken research is the authors' belief that classical classifications of stone walls are too general to reflect their actual typological and regional diversity. The proposed methodology is based on determining geometric parameters, including the size and proportions of stone elements, their distribution in the wall, and the surface ratio of stone to mortar. The research was conducted on walls built of natural stone from the Uniejów area (central Poland). It involved the analysis of four selected textures roughly corresponding to wall types: wild, layered, regular and mosaic.

PL

W artykule zawarto metodyczne podstawy projektowanej typologii tekstur elewacyjnych w tradycyjnych budynkach wiejskich i małomiasteczkowych murowanych z naturalnego kamienia. Obiekty takie występują w Polsce na wyżynach Krakowsko- zęstochowskiej, Lubelskiej, Kieleckiej i Śląskiej, ale też bardziej na północ od nich, w środkowej części kraju. Coraz częściej tego typu budynki, ze względu na znaczenie historyczne i architektoniczne, są obejmowane ochroną konserwatorską, podlegają rewitalizacji lub są wskazywane jako regionalny wzorzec dla współczesnych realizacji budowlanych. Przesłanką do podjęcia badań była zbyt ogólna, naszym zdaniem, postać klasycznych klasyfikacji murów kamiennych, aby mogły one odzwierciedlać faktyczne ich zróżnicowanie typologiczne i regionalne. Proponowana metoda polega na wyznaczaniu wskaźników geometrycznych, obejmujących wielkość i proporcje elementów kamiennych, ich rozmieszczenie w murze oraz powierzchniowy udział kamienia i zaprawy. Badania przeprowadzono na przykładzie murów wznoszonych z naturalnego kamienia pochodzącego z okolic Uniejowa (centralna Polska). Polegały one na analizie czterech wybranych tekstur w przybliżeniu odpowiadających typom muru dzikiego, warstwowego, rzędowego i mozaikowego.

5

Zmiana współczynnika tarcia eksploatowanych nawierzchni drogowych

Łazarowicz Maksymilian, Grzyb Michał

Magazyn Autostrady

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2024

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Nr 6

60--64

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki programu badawczego obejmującego zjawisko degradacji współczynnika tarcia nawierzchni w pierwszych latach eksploatacji w odniesieniu do zmian jej makrotekstury oraz wielkości natężenia ruchu.

EN

This paper presents the results of a research programme covering the degradation of the coefficient of friction of road surfaces during the first years of their service in relation to changes in their texture and the magnitude of traffic loads.

6

Abiotic Habitat Conditions in Coal Mines Heap Novel Ecosystems Concerning the Biomass Amount of Spontaneous Vegetation

Ryś Karolina, Chmura Damian, Dyczko Artur, Woźniak Gabriela

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 5

79--100

EN

Biomass, primarily derived from photosynthesizing plants harnessing solar energy, is crucial for ecosystem functioning and diverse services. This study delved into the unique ecosystem of coal mine heaps, exploring unexpected relations between abiotic factors and biomass in spontaneous vegetation. Biomass quantity and quality are influenced by such factors as plant photosynthesis efficiency, necessitating an understanding of dynamics on post-mining sites. The conducted investigation focused on diverse spontaneous vegetation on coal mine heaps, analyzing abiotic conditions such as soil texture, water holding capacity, pH, electrical conductivity, nitrogen, carbon, magnesium, sodium, and acidity. Contrary to the adopted hypothesis, nitrogen content negatively correlates with soil total nitrogen, carbon, and water holding capacity. However, the biomass of dominant plant species positively correlates with available phosphorus, pH, calcium, and sodium. These unexpected relationships highlight biomass dynamics complexity in novel ecosystems on coal mine heaps, stressing the need to consider spontaneous vegetation biomass as a valuable resource and ecosystem service in urban-industry landscapes. The obtained findings expand scientific inquiry and have practical implications for post-industrial area reclamation. Understanding biomass potential in identified vegetation types provides insights into biomass character on coal mine heaps, crucial for maximizing spontaneous vegetation potential and transforming post-industrial landscape reclamation approaches.

7

Effect of Hot Isostatic Pressing and Solution Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting

Lee Dohoon, So Tae-Yeong, Yu Ha-Young, Kim Gyunsub, Moon Eushin, Ko Se-Hyun

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2024

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Vol. 69, iss. 1

135--139

EN

A powder-bed-based additive manufacturing process called electron beam melting (EBM) is defined by high temperature gradients during solidification, which produces an extremely fine microstructure compared to the traditional cast material. However, porosity and segregation defects are still present on a smaller scale which may lead to a reduction in mechanical properties. It is important to have a better knowledge of the influence of post-fabrication treatments on the microstructure and mechanical characteristics before the use of additive manufacturing parts in specific applications. In this study, the effects of solution heat treatment (SHT) and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy fabricated by the EBM process have been investigated. The SHT and HIP treatments can significantly improve the ductility of EBM Ti-6Al-4V due to the coarsening of α laths and the formation of β grains.

8

Changes in Microstructure and Texture of a Multi-Stack Accumulative Roll Bonding Processed Complex Aluminum Alloy with Annealing

Jo Sang-Hyeon, Lee Seong-Hee

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2024

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Vol. 69, iss. 1

103--107

EN

Changes in the microstructure and texture with annealing temperature of a nanostructured complex aluminum alloy fabricated by multi-stack Accumulative Roll Bonding (ARB) process using various Al alloys are investigated in detail. The ARB process is performed up to 4 cycles without lubrication at room temperature. The specimen fabricated by the ARB is a multi-layer aluminum alloy sheet in which the AA1050, AA5052 and AA6061 Al alloys are alternately stacked to each other. The average grain size of the starting material is 140 μm, but after 4 cycles of the ARB process, this is reduced to 150 nm. The complex Al alloy still shows an ultrafine grained microstructure at annealing temperatures up to 250°C, but after annealing at 300°C, it exhibits a heterogeneous structure containing both the ultrafine grains and the coarse grains due to the occurrence of discontinuous recrystallization. The specimens annealed at temperatures above 300 °C also show a heterogeneous microstructure even if the heterogeneities of grain size differ from each other. The texture develops abnormally at higher annealing temperatures; the deformation textures are developed as [112]//ND and [111]//ND components, even in the recrystallized specimens. As the annealing temperature increases, the number fraction of the high-angle grain boundaries gradually decreases. The changes in microstructure and texture of the specimens with increase of the annealing temperature are compared to those of the specimens processed by 2-cycle of the ARB.

9

Wpływ więźby skały na mechanizm deformacji : studium przypadku wstęg deformacyjnych w piaskowcach otryckich (Bieszczady)

Strzelecki Piotr Jan, Świerczewska Anna

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 4

231--234

EN

Compaction is one of the fundamental modes of strain localization. Pure compaction bands are deformation structures that develop in granular rocks. The Otryt sandstone, a flysch sandstone, hosts naturally formed pure compaction bands that originated due to tectonic shortening. The pure compaction bands formed when the host rock was poorly indurated. The deformation bands are of the disaggregation or cataclastic type, with cataclasis occurring more frequently in coarser-grained sandstones. Additionally, in laminated fine-grained sandstones, disaggregation takes the form of micro-folding. Textural features of the host rock appear to control the microstructural type of pure compaction band.

10

Hybrid texture and gradient modeling for dynamic background subtraction identification systemin tobacco plant using 5G data service

Gowda Thirthe M.T., Chandrika J.

Computer Assisted Methods in Engineering and Science

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2023

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Vol. 30, no. 1

41--54

EN

Background: Detecting the plants as objects of interest in any vision-based input sequence is highly complex due to nonlinear background objects such as rocks, shadows,etc. Therefore, it is a difficult task and an emerging one with the development of precision agriculture systems. The nonlinear variations of pixel intensity with illuminationand other causes such as blurs and poor video quality also make the object detection taskchallenging. To detect the object of interest, background subtraction (BS) is widely usedin many plant disease identification systems, and its detection rate largely depends on thenumber of features used to suppress and isolate the foreground region and its sensitivitytoward image nonlinearity. Methodology: A hybrid invariant texture and color gradient-based approach is proposed to model the background for dynamic BS, and its performance is validated byvarious real-time video captures covering different kinds of complex backgrounds and various illumination changes. Based on the experimental results, a simple multimodal featureattribute, which includes several invariant texture measures and color attributes, yieldsfinite precision accuracy compared with other state-of-art detection methods. Experimental evaluation of two datasets shows that the new model achieves superior performanceover existing results in spectral-domain disease identification model. 5G assistance: After successful identification of tobacco plant and its analysis, the finalresults are stored in a cloud-assisted server as a database that allows all kinds of 5G servicessuch as IoT and edge computing terminals for data access with valid authentication fordetailed analysis and references.

11

Microstructure evolution in directionally solidifying Cu-17 at.% Al eutectic alloy

Perek-Nowak Małgorzata, Boczkal Grzegorz, Pałka Paweł, Kuropatwa Piotr

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 2

art. no. e144604

EN

An attempt of direct solidification (DS) of Cu-17 at. %Al eutectic alloy is presented in the paper. The chosen alloy belongs to the copper-rich eutectic region in the Cu–Al phase diagram. The alloy was remelted and solidified in a vertical furnace of Bridgman type with a moving crystallization zone. Thus, the expected structure will result in an arranged distribution of two phases in the bulk of the material. However, due to cooling the mentioned alloy down to room temperature, the phase transformations occur according to the respective phase diagram, including β phase decomposition through eutectoid and peritectoid reactions. The crystallized material consisted of the following phases α solution and γ1 (Cu9Al4) phase. Structure observations, determination of the formed phases and texture analysis of the obtained material are described. Mechanical properties received from a tensile test are also included.

12

Effect of Final Rolling Temperature on Microstructure, Properties and Texture of Hot Rolled Strip by New Endless Rolled Line

Li Chaoyang, Tian Peng, Zhao Zhipeng, Liang Xiaohui, Wang Shuhuan, Kang Yonglin, Luo Xian

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2023

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Vol. 68, iss. 4

1411-1420

EN

Donghua steel continuous casting-rolling (DSCCR) line is a new endless rolling line in which tunnel heating furnace is added before and after roughing mills to change the temperature field of slab and intermediate slab, but this change will affect the microstructure and properties of hot rolled plate. Therefore, the microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, texture analysis, hole expanding and earing test of 2.0 mm thick hot rolled plate produced by DSCCR line at different final rolling temperature of 860°C, 840°C and 820°C are studied. The results show that with the decrease of final rolling temperature, there is an obvious layered microstructure distribution along the thickness direction, and the surface coarse grain area gradually expands inward, at the same time the morphology of cementite also changed from large multi domain lamellar pearlite and long rod cementite to small single domain lamellar pearlite and short rod cementite. The engineering stress-strain curves have discontinuous yield with the yield elongation of 4-5% and the elongations are more than 35%. EBSD analysis shows that small angle grain boundaries and deformed grains increase significantly with the decrease of final rolling temperature, and are mainly distributed in fine grain area. Hole expanding and earing tests show that with the decrease of final rolling temperature, the earing performance decreased but the limiting hole expanding ratio is similar.

13

Crystal Lattice Rotations Induced by Shear Banding in fcc Metals Deformed at High Strain Rates

Mania Izabela, Paul Henryk, Chulist Robert, Petrzak Paweł, Miszczyk Magdalena, Prażmowski Mariusz

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2023

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Vol. 68, iss. 1

319--329

EN

In this paper, the microstructural and texture changes in polycrystalline CuZn30 alloy, copper, and AA1050 aluminium alloy have been studied to describe the crystal lattice rotation during shear bands formation. The hat-shaped specimens were deformed using a drop-hammer at the strain rate of 560 s-1. Microstructure evolution was investigated using optical microscopy, whereas texture changes were examined with the use of a scanning electron microscope equipped with the EBSD facility. The microstructural observations were correlated with nanohardness measurements to evaluate the mechanical properties of the sheared regions. The analyses demonstrate the gradual nature of the shear banding process, which can be described as a mechanism of the bands nucleation and then successive growth rather than as an abrupt instability. It was found that regardless of the initial orientation of the grains inside the sheared region, a well-defined tendency of the crystal lattice rotation is observed. This rotation mechanism leads to the formation of specific texture components of the sheared region, different from the one observed in a weakly or non-deformed matrix. During the process of rotation, one of the {111} planes in each grain of the sheared region ‘tends’ to overlap with the plane of maximum shear stresses and one of the <110> or <112> directions align with the shear direction. This allows slip propagation through the boundaries between adjacent grains without apparent change in the shear direction. Finally, in order to trace the rotation path, transforming the matrix texture components into shear band, rotation axis and angles were identified.

14

Electrochemical corrosion of aluminium alloy AA1050, processed by accumulative roll bonding

Ilieva M. D., Radev R. H.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 124, nr 1

5--13

EN

Purpose: To investigate the changes in corrosion behaviour of severely deformed by accumulative roll bonding aluminium alloy AA1050. Design/methodology/approach: To determine the influence of the accumulative roll bonding on microstructure, texture, and grain size, electron backscattered diffraction was used. Corrosion behaviour was evaluated in a 3.5 wt.% sodium chloride water solution using anodic polarisation. Findings: It was found out that accumulative roll bonding up to eight cycles led to an increase in corrosion rate compared to annealed alloy, but the increase in the number of cycles of accumulative roll bonding from two to eight shows a tendency toward lowering corrosion rates. It has a beneficial influence on pitting corrosion susceptibility. Research limitations/implications: The presented research focuses only on the influence of texture and grain size on severely deformed aluminium alloy AA1050 corrosion. Other factors, such as accumulated during deformation stresses, could also play their role in the corrosion process. Originality/value: The paper reports results on the influence of two factors – texture and grain size, on the corrosion of severely deformed aluminium alloy AA1050. Most reports on the topic include only the influence of texture or grain size.

15

The use of carrot and apple pomace in the production of healthy snack bars

Łusiak Patrycja, Mazur Jacek, Sobczak Paweł, Zawiślak Kazimierz, Panasiewicz Marian

Agricultural Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 27, No. 1

289--300

EN

In recent years, the increasing popularity of healthy eating brought about a significant increase in the consumption of fruit and vegetables in the form of juices, purees and cocktails. In the process of their production, the byproduct is pomace, which is treated by the food processing industry as waste. Assuming that pomace accounts for only 20% of the raw material used, annually up to 630 000 tonnes of pomace are obtained globally. However, numerous studies have demonstrated that fruit pomace is a valuable source of many nutritious substances. The objective of the study was to develop a compressionbased production technology of apple pomace-based bars, and to assess their quality. Based on the analysis of the structure of produced bars, it can be concluded that their hardness and resistance to cutting does not differ significantly from that of commercial bars made with alternative technology and from different ingredients.

PL

W ostatnich latach, na fali popularności zdrowego odżywiania, znacznie wzrosło spożycie owoców, warzyw, soków, przecierów i wszelkiego rodzaju koktajli (smoothies). Ich produkcja jest bezpośrednio związana z powstawaniem wytłoków. Zakładając, że wytłoki powstałe podczas produkcji soków stanowią jedynie 20% wykorzystywanego surowca, przemysł przetwórczy produkuje aż 630 000 ton wytłoków rocznie. Ponowne wykorzystanie tego surowca stanowi poważny problem dla producentów. Liczne badania dowodzą jednak, że wytłoki owocowe są cennym źródłem wielu substancji odżywczych. Celem pracy było opracowanie technologii produkcji batonów na bazie wytłoków jabłkowych wytwarzanych metodą prasowania oraz ocena ich jakości. Wyniki analizy struktury batonów pozwalają stwierdzić, że pod względem twardości i odporności na krojenie parametry tego produktu nie odbiegają istotnie od parametrów komercyjnych batonów wytworzonych inną technologią i z innych składników.

16

The Effect of High-Pressure Homogenization on the Texture of Fermented Bean-Based Beverages ®

Cichońska Patrycja, Domian Ewa, Ziarno Małgorzata

Postępy Techniki Przetwórstwa Spożywczego

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2022

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nr 1

37--45

EN

Various types of technological treatments, including highpressure homogenization (HPH), can be used to obtain plantbased yogurts. It is one of the technologies with a positive impact on food particles which leads to improvement of quality, shelf life, and popularity of the product. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of HPH on the texture of fermented beanbased beverages. Selected texture discriminants (hardness, adhesiveness) for beverages prepared from germinated and non-germinated beans, subjected to and not subjected to HPH were analyzed. HPH bean-based beverages were lower pH values, before fermentation, after fermentation, and after 21 days of storage, which indicates that HPH results in a more efficient fermentation for bean-based beverages. In all the tested samples HPH significantly increased the hardness and adhesiveness of tested beverages. The values obtained for the tested texture determinants reached a similar level for the samples before fermentation, after fermentation, and after 21 days of storage, which indicates that the HPH was responsible for the texture shaping of the tested bean-based beverages. There is a need for further research into the physical properties of bean-based milk yogurt substitutes produced using HPH.

PL

Różnego rodzaju zabiegi technologiczne, w tym homogenizacja wysokociśnieniowa (HPH), mogą być wykorzystane do produkcji jogurtów roślinnych. Jest to jedna z technologii pozytywnie wpływających na cząstki w żywności, która prowadzi do poprawy jakości, trwałości i popularności produktu. Celem pracy była analiza wpływu HPH na teksturę fermentowanych napojów na bazie fasoli. Analizie poddano wybrane wyróżniki tekstury (twardość, adhezyjność) napojów przygotowanych z fasoli skiełkowanej i nieskiełkowanej, poddanych i niepoddanych działaniu HPH. Napoje na bazie fasoli poddane HPH miały niższe wartości pH przed fermentacją, po fermentacji i po 21 dniach przechowywania, co wskazuje, że zastosowanie HPH skutkuje bardziej wydajnym procesem fermentacji napojów na bazie fasoli. We wszystkich badanych próbkach HPH istotnie zwiększyła twardość i adhezyjność napojów. Wartości uzyskane dla badanych wyznaczników tekstury osiągnęły podobny poziom dla próbek przed fermentacją, po fermentacji i po 21 dniach przechowywania, co wskazuje, że HPH odpowiadała za kształtowanie tekstury badanych napojów. Istnieje potrzeba dalszych badań nad właściwościami fizycznymi substytutów jogurtu mlecznego na bazie fasoli wytwarzanych z wykorzystaniem HPH.

17

Technology of making airfield pavements in relation to the existing requirements in terms of texture

Wesołowski Mariusz, Blacha Krzysztof, Włodarski Piotr

Journal of KONBiN

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2022

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Vol. 52, iss. 4

75--100

EN

The assessment of the texture of airfield pavements, in addition to assessing their roughness, is a component of the broader concept of anti-skid properties, which significantly affect the safety of air operations. The roughness of the pavement directly affects the adhesion of the aircraft tire to the pavement, and the texture additionally affects the effectiveness of dynamic drainage of water from the pavement. The current standard requirements in terms of roughness and texture of airfield pavements do not distinguish the technology used. In the paper, the authors focused on the analysis of the results in terms of the texture of airfield pavements and presented the resulting conclusions in relation to whether the technology of its implementation has an impact on the texture parameter.

PL

Tekstura nawierzchni lotniskowych oprócz ich szorstkości jest elementem składowym szerszego pojęcia, jakim są właściwości przeciwpoślizgowe, które w istotny sposób wpływają na bezpieczeństwo wykonywania operacji lotniczych. Szorstkość nawierzchni wpływa bezpośrednio na przyczepność opony statku powietrznego do nawierzchni, a tekstura dodatkowo na skuteczność dynamicznego odprowadzania wody z nawierzchni. Aktualne wymagania normowe w zakresie szorstkości oraz tekstury nawierzchni lotniskowych nie rozgraniczają zastosowanej technologii ich wykonania. W pracy autorzy skupili się na analizie wyników w zakresie tekstury nawierzchni lotniskowych oraz przedstawili wynikające z niej wnioski, w odniesieniu do tego, czy technologia jej wykonania ma wpływ na parametr tekstury.

18

Roughness effects of textured surfaces in hydrodynamic lubrication

Bahi Youssef, El Gadari Mhammed, Rahmoune Miloud

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 27, no. 3

9--21

EN

Several studies have been conducted to improve and model the lubricated contact between surfaces. The main subjects were defining the hydrodynamic parameters to reduce energy losses and protect the environment. Some of the proposed models have studied the effect of textures in hydrodynamic lubrication and have proved that adapted shapes and geometries can improve the performance of lubricated contacts. A hydrodynamic model was developed by assuming the roughness of the textured surface and considering the cavitation in a steady-state regime. The proposed model was validated and compared with the analytical model of Fowell et al. [1]. Three different textures shapes were considered. The results showed that the rough-textured thrust affects the hydrodynamic performance significantly. Thus, by increasing the arithmetic roughness of textured surfaces, the hydrodynamic pressure, and the lifting force increase depending on the texture shape. A rougher surface slightly increases the friction force for the three considered textures.

19

Texture evolution in Mg during rolling with a change of deformation path : a modeling approach

Sułkowski Bartosz

Computer Methods in Materials Science

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2022

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Vol. 22, No. 2

101--109

EN

The weakening of strong textures in Mg alloys is a crucial factor in obtaining good quality final products that are less anisotropic. Considerable attention has been focused on experiments to find the optimal chemical composition of alloys or processing conditions. However, to reduce time-consuming experiments, texture simulations can help in specifying future research directions. In the present work, the texture evolution in rolled Mg and its alloys was studied using the viscoplastic self-consistent model. The texture simulations presented in the study cover unidirectional rolling, reverse rolling, and cross rolling of Mg and its alloys to check if the change in deformation path has an impact on the activation of non-basal slip systems. The results obtained in the study may help to design the best processing technology and reduce the mechanical anisotropy of magnesium alloys. Slip systems such as basal, prismatic, and pyramidal were taken into consideration. To reflect the effect of alloying elements on hardening, different values for critical resolved shear stress were considered. Pole figures and slip system activity were investigated to understand the texture evolution during rolling as the deformation path changes. It was found that cross rolling may be the most effective processing technology to reduce strong textures during the rolling of Mg alloys. To activate non-basal systems, critical resolved shear stresses and the Schmid factor must be modified. The former can be changed by increasing the processing temperature, proper alloying elements, or change in the strain rate sensitivity; the latter by changing the deformation path.

20

Effects of the Coiling Temperature and Anisotropy on the Tensile Properties of High-Strength API X70 Linepipe Steel

Oh Dong-Kyu, Shin Seung-Hyeok, Lee Sang-Min, Hwang Byoungchul

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2022

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Vol. 67, iss. 4

1487--1490

EN

In this study, the effect of the coiling temperature on the tensile properties of API X70 linepipe steel plates is investigated in terms of the microstructure and related anisotropy. Two coiling temperatures are selected to control the microstructure and tensile properties. The API X70 linepipe steels consist mostly of ferritic microstructures such as polygonal ferrite, acicular ferrite, granular bainite, and pearlite irrespective of the coiling temperature. In order to evaluate the anisotropy in the tensile properties, tensile tests in various directions, in this case 0° (rolling direction), 30°, 45° (diagonal direction), 60°, and 90° (transverse direction) are conducted. As the higher coiling temperature, the larger amount of pearlite is formed, resulting in higher strength and better deformability. The steel has higher ductility and lower strength in the rolling direction than in the transverse direction due to the development of γ-fiber, particularly the {111}<112> texture.