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Design and Implementation of an IoT System for Soil Nutrient Monitoring with MQTT Communication and Temporary Data Storage

Hartono Rudi, Yoeseph Nanang Maulana, Purnomo Agus

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2024

Vol. 25, iss. 12

333--345

This study explores the development and evaluation of an internet of things (IoT) system for real-time soil nutrient monitoring, focusing on crucial soil parameters such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK), and pH. By integrating message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) as the communication protocol, the system ensures low latency, reliable data transmission, and effective management of soil data. The tested NPK and pH sensors showed high accuracy and reliability, with the pH sensor providing highly consistent readings, while the NPK sensor demonstrated variability but reliably tracked nutrient trends. We highly recommend further calibrating the NPK sensor to significantly improve its accuracy across various soil conditions. The IoT system, Soil Station 2.0, effectively assists in decision-making for fertilization and soil management, improving crop yields and soil health. GPS testing of the system revealed high positional accuracy, which is suitable for precision agriculture. MQTT data transmission’s testing showed differences in latency, indicating the need for system optimization for large data transmissions. Overall, the system demonstrated good accuracy, reliability, and efficiency in supporting agricultural decision-making and environmental monitoring.

Relation between vegetation, soil nutrient content and salinity in an estuarine mangrove swamp in West Africa

Ukpong I.

Polish Journal of Ecology

1998

Vol. 46, no 1

65-73

The vegetation, nutrient status and salinity variation of soils from a mangrove swamp in West Africa were studied. Nypa fruticans was the dominant species of the tree layer, in association with Rhizophoraspp, and Avicennia africana. The fern Acrostichum aureum dominated the ground layer. The soils had a high cation exchange capacity (21.8-53.6 me . 100 g'-1), with magnesium and calcium as the predominant cations. Lowest values occurred in Nypa fruticans soils while highest values occurred in Avicennia/Rhizophora mangle soils. Phosphorus values were high for Pandanus and Raphia soil (10.5-18.9 ugml'-1). High levels of total nitrogen (0.13-1.16%) werw restricted to Pandanus soils. Salinity gradients were accounted for by seasonal freshwater inputs and subsurface seepage. Apart fron variation in phosphorus and organic carbon, the nutrient content of the soils showed little relationship to community assemblages and should be related to such habitat variables as tidal inundation, physiography, climate and soil drainage.