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PL
Celem badań było porównanie profilu kwasów tłuszczowych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zawartości kwasu cis9trans11 C18:2 (CLA), kwasów tłuszczowych z rodziny n-3 i n-6 oraz zawartości pożądanych (DFA) i niepożądanych (OFA) kwasów tłuszczowych w tłuszczu wydzielonym z jogurtów dostępnych na rynku olsztyńskim w listopadzie 2022 roku. Materiał do badań stanowiły jogurty: naturalne (4 próbki), naturalne BIO (3 próbki), naturalne z dodatkiem mikroflory probiotycznej (6 próbek), naturalne typu greckiego (4 próbki), typu greckiego z dodatkiem mikroflory probiotycznej i inuliny (3 próbki) oraz typu bałkańskiego (3 próbki). Profil kwasów tłuszczowych tłuszczu wydzielonego z objętych badaniem próbek analizowano metodą chromatografii gazowej na 100 m kolumnie kapilarnej z fazą CP Sil 88. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że w tłuszczu wydzielonym z badanych jogurtów zawartość kwasów tłuszczowych była bardzo zróżnicowana. Najwyższą średnią zawartość kwasu cis9trans11 C18:2 (CLA) stwierdzono w tłuszczu z jogurtów typu bałkańskiego. Z.kolei w tłuszczu z BIO jogurtów stwierdzono najwyższą zawartość kwasów tłuszczowych z rodziny n-3. Jogurty te charakteryzowały się też najkorzystniejszym stosunkiem kwasów tłuszczowych n-6/n-3 oraz najwyższą zawartością pożądanych kwasów tłuszczowych (DFA), co jest istotne z żywieniowego punktu widzenia.
EN
The aim of the study was to compare the profile of fatty acids, with particular emphasis on the content of cis9trans11 C18:2 acid (CLA), n-3 and n-6 fatty acids as well as the content of desirable (DFA) and undesirable (OFA) fatty acids in fat separated from yoghurts available on the Olsztyn market in November 2022. The material for the study included yoghurts: natural (4 samples), natural BIO (3 samples), natural with the addition of probiotic microflora (6 samples), natural Greek type (4 samples), Greek type with the addition of probiotic microflora and inulin (3 samples) and Balkan type (3 samples). The fatty acid profile of the fat separated from the samples were analyzed by gas chromatography with a 100 m capillary column with the CP Sil 88 phase. The study showed that the content of fatty acids in the fat extracted from the analyzed yoghurts were very diverse. The highest average content of cis9trans11 C18:2 acid (CLA) was found in fat isolated from Balkan yoghurts. In turn, the fat extracted from BIO yoghurts was characterized the highest content of n-3 fatty acids. These yoghurts were also had by the most favorable of n-6/n-3 fatty acids ratio and the highest content of desirable fatty acids (DFA), which is important from the nutritional point of view.
EN
Purpose: Nowadays, product development is very important to remain competitive in the market, one of which is to reduce the assembly of time and cost design. This article discusses the study of iron products on the market. Based on the problems found in the SMEs of Electronic Services, this iron has many components and complex designs that take time-consuming to assemble. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to redesign the ironing. Design/methodology/approach: Improvements to the design of iron products are based on the problems present in this product. This problem is obtained by distributing questionnaires to Electronic Services SMEs. The improvements are carried out using the Design for Assembly (DFA) method to evaluate the design with ease of assembly processes. Findings: This paper attempt to improve the design of ironing products according to the problems obtained from the initial questionnaire, which is to reduce the assembly time and costs using DFA. Practical implications: The result of these improvements is a reduction in the amount of assembly time and costs and an increase in efficiency. The actual design assembly time is 358.16 to 269.70 seconds on the proposed design. The actual design assembly cost budget is 956.81,- rupiahs, reduced to 720.50, in the proposed design. Then the actual design efficiency of 21.77% increased to 24.74%. Originality/value: Iron design improvements are based on problems and complaints received from the electronic services SMEs, then analysed using the DFA method. Therefore, the improvements in the design of the ironing product are present in two components, that is the back cover and the handle.
EN
Severe amplitude and phase scintillation induced by the ionospheric plasma density irregularities degrades the performance of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers. Scintillation typically has adverse effects at the tracking process and thus adversely affects the raw GNSS measurements used in a number of applications. Hence, it is important to develop robust methodologies for detecting and mitigating ionospheric effects on the GNSS signals. In this paper, we propose a novel method based on the combination of improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (iCEEMDAN) and variational mode decomposition (VMD) methods. The proposed method employs a detrended fuctuation analysis (DFA)-based metric for robust thresholding between the scintillation-free and amplitude scintillated GNSS signals. The major contribution of the proposed method is development of novel approaches for selection of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) based on DFA and optimised selection of [K, 훼] parameters of the VMD. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated and was observed that it is better than existing ionospheric scintillation effects mitigation algorithms for both simulated and real-time GPS scintillation datasets. The proposed method can denoise approximately 9.23–15.30 dB scintillation noise from the synthetic and 0.2–0.48 from the real scintillation index (S4) values. Therefore, the proposed (iCEEMDAN-VMD) method is appropriate for mitigating the ionospheric scintillation effects on the GNSS signals.
EN
The modern companies, which are competing on product market, need to use innovative solutions, in order to become potential leaders. One of the modernization methods is rearrangement of organizational structure and redistribution of competence. The article describes the Advanced Manufacturing Engineering Department in production plant, which is an innovative initiative in worldwide organizational management. Some aspects including AME application in plant processes are highlighted. Some advanced techniques are presented. In the article summary, perspectives for the development of AME are included.
5
Content available remote Differential Fault Attacks on Lightweight Cipher LBlock
EN
Lightweight block cipher is usually used in “Internet of Thing” to protect confidentiality as well as to authentication. LBlock is a lightweight block cipher designed for tiny computing devices, such as RFID tags and sensor network nodes. The cipher algorithm iterates a Feistel structure with SP type round function by 32 rounds. Its block size is 64 bits and key size is 80 bits. The designers show that LBlock is resistant against most classical attacks, such as differential and linear cryptanalysis. This paper proposed differential fault analysis on LBlock based on different depth of fault model, the theoretical analysis demonstrates that LBlock is vulnerable to deep differential fault attack due to its Feistel structure and diffusion layer. By injecting faults in the 27th round to the 29th round, a differential fault analysis on LBlock based on a nibble-oriented random fault model is presented. The experiment shows that 4.3 faults on average could recover a round key. For reveal the whole key information, 13.3 faults on average are needed. This indicates that cryptographic devices supporting LBlock should be carefully protected.
EN
The AES is a standard encryption algorithm used in numerous cryptographic systems like smart cards, TPMs as well as in protocols like WPA2 or OpenSSL. Measuring the robustness of AES implementations against physical attacks is of utmost import-ance in order to guarantee the security of the system into which the AES is used. In this article, we describe how a hardware AES, embedding countermeasures against physical attacks, has been characterized using a laser. With the latter, we tried to implement a class of physical attacks called fault attacks which, when successful, allows an attacker to retrieve the secret key used by the AES module. Our experiments have allowed us to validate the efficiency of some of the countermeasures implemented in this AES implementation and have given us hints on how to further improve them.
PL
AES to standardowy algorytm szyfrowania stosowany w wielu systemach kryptograficznych, np. kartach elektronicznych, TPM, oraz takich protokołach, jak WPA2 czy OpenSSL. Pomiar odporności implementacji algorytmu AES na ataki fizyczne jest najważniejszy do zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa systemowi opartemu na AES. W artykule opisano, jak sprzętowa implementacja AES z wbudowanymi zabezpieczeniami przeciwko fizycznym atakom była badana z wykorzystaniem lasera. Następnie podjęto próby zaimplementowania ataków fizycznych polegających na wstrzykiwaniu błędów; ataki te - zakończone sukcesem - pozwalają atakującemu na przechwycenie tajnego klucza wykorzystywanego w module AES. Przeprowadzone eksperymenty pozwoliły na sprawdzenie efektywności zabezpieczeń zaimplementowanych w module sprzętowym AES oraz wskazały możliwości dalszego podniesienia poziomu bezpieczeństwa.
7
Content available remote Termochemia układu dwuskładnikowego nitroceluloza-difenyloamina
PL
Difenyloamina (DFA) jest stosowana jako stabilizator chemicznej trwałości nitrocelulozy (NC) w produkcji materiałów miotających w ilościach ok. 2%. DFA ma słabe właściwości kwasowe i obecna w dużych ilościach przyśpiesza rozkład NC. Istotne wydaje się przeprowadzenie badań systematyzujących wiedzę związaną z termochemią tego układu, często mającego zastosowanie w technologii wyrobów prochów i paliw rakietowych.
EN
Ph₂NH was added to nitrocellulose (5.2–94.1% by mass) to improve its chem. stability. The addn. resulted in a decrease in mixing enthalpy and Flory-Huggins parameter. DTA curves of the mixts. were presented.
PL
W referacie przedstawiono program do analizy technologiczności konstrukcji ze względu na montaż - DFAWorlcs, zintegrowany ze środowiskiem CAD SolidWorks. Stworzony moduł umożliwia ocenę jakościową wyrobu, w aktualnej postaci konstrukcyjnej bezpośrednio w SolidWorks. Pozwala zbudować proces technologiczny montażu, zidentyfikować zbędne części złożenia, przeliczyć czas montażu wyrobu oraz współczynnik efektywności DFA. DFA Works bazuje na metodzie BasicMOST, dzięki której możliwe jest szacowanie czasu montażu.
EN
The publication describes the program to Design for Assembly (DFA) analysis, integrated with SolidWorks, called DFA Works. The add-in module implements DFA methodology. DFAWorks combines practical iterative functionality with accuracy and ease-of-use. Fully embedded into of the SolidWorks, application is perfect for the designers, who would like to use assembly analysis ability and to know how much assembly time is needed. Module permits designers to easily gain insight into the cost-effective assembly of their designs. DFAWorks allows creating assembly process, detecting of essential parts being within analyzed product, calculating total defined assembly process time and counting DFA index based on BasicMOST sequence models.
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