Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Interactions between autonomous vehicles, cyclists, and pedestrians from the perspective of potential users and non-users of autonomous vehicles

Vondráčková Lucie, Trepáčová Martina, Zámečník Petr

Transport Problems

|

2022

|

T. 17, z. 1

115--126

EN

In a few years, autonomous vehicles will slowly become part of traffic flow. This paper evaluated the level of perceived fear of interactions of autonomous vehicles (AVs) with other (vulnerable) road users of different actors in the Czech Republic. Data from the first exploratory project from 2017/2018 are used for the evaluation. A logistic regression model is utilised to evaluate the predictors that influence the fear resulting from interactions of AVs and cyclists or pedestrians. Kilometres driven last year was positively associated with fear of interactions with pedestrians or cyclists (OR = 1,251, p = 0.032). The level of concerns about the risk of AVs is also positively associated with fear of interactions (OR = 1.087, p = 0.000). Out of all socio-demographics and socio-economics, only gender was distinguished regarding the level of fear, with women having a higher chance than men of being fearful (OR = 1.871, p = 0.005). Then, the same model is utilised to evaluate the variables that influence the fear of interactions of Avs and other non-Avs. Only the general level of concerns about the risk of AVs is associated with the level of fear of interactions of AVs and non-AVs (OR = 1.149, p = 0.000). Since these results are only partly in accordance with those obtained in Western countries, our paper concludes that for central European countries, more research is needed to understand the local context and implications of autonomous mobility.

2

Interakcja wodoru ze skałą zbiornikową

Cicha-Szot Renata, Leśniak Grzegorz

Nafta-Gaz

|

2022

|

R. 78, nr 8

580--588

PL

Istnieje szereg metod magazynowania wodoru, do których zaliczyć można stosowanie zbiorników napowierzchniowych, wiązanie w wodorkach metali, nanorurkach węglowych, sieciach metaloorganicznych, ciekłych organicznych nośnikach wodoru czy adsorbentach. Jednak to podziemne magazynowanie wodoru w strukturach geologicznych (PMW) wydaje się kluczowe dla rozwiązania problemu długoterminowego magazynowania dużych ilości energii oraz zwiększenia stabilności sieci energetycznej i poprawy wydajności systemów energetycznych. Kryteria wyboru struktury do magazynowania wodoru obejmują szereg czynników technicznych, ekonomicznych, ekologicznych i społecznych. Jednym z najmniej rozpoznanych obszarów badawczych dotyczących PMW jest utrata wodoru in situ wywołana reakcjami geochemicznymi, które mogą wpływać na parametry petrofizyczne oraz wytrzymałość skał uszczelniających. W artykule przeanalizowano reakcje, jakie mogą wystąpić podczas magazynowania wodoru w strukturach geologicznych. Na podstawie studium literaturowego wskazano grupy minerałów, które mogą wpływać na zmiany pojemności magazynowej oraz na czystość gazu. Należą do nich w szczególności węglany, anhydryt, ankeryt i piryt, które stanowiąc skład matrycy skalnej lub cementu, mogą znacząco wpływać na potencjał magazynowy analizowanej struktury. Podczas kontaktu z wodorem minerały te ulegają rozpuszczeniu, w wyniku czego uwalniane są m.in. jony Fe2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, SO4 2−, HCO3 − , CO3 2−, HS− . Jony te wchodzą nie tylko w skład minerałów wtórnych, ale również na skutek dalszych reakcji z wodorem zanieczyszczają magazynowany nośnik energii domieszkami CH4, H2S i CO2, co ogranicza możliwości dalszego wykorzystania wodoru. Zwrócono również uwagę na możliwość wystąpienia rozpuszczania kwarcu, którego szybkość zależy od stężenia jonów Na+ w solance złożowej oraz pH. Ponadto pH wpływa na reaktywność wodoru i zależy w dużej mierze od temperatury i ciśnienia, które w trakcie pracy magazynu będzie podlegało częstym cyklicznym zmianom. W artykule omówiono wpływ warunków termobarycznych na analizowany proces, co powinno stanowić podstawę do szczegółowej analizy oddziaływania skała–wodór– solanka dla potencjalnej podziemnej struktury magazynowej.

EN

There are several hydrogen storage methods, including surface tanks, metal hydrides, carbon nanotubes, organometallic networks, liquid organic hydrogen carriers, or adsorbents. However, underground hydrogen storage (UHS) appears to be crucial in solving the problem of long-term storage of large amounts of energy, increasing the power grid's stability and improving energy systems' efficiency. The criteria for selecting a hydrogen storage structure include a number of technical, economic, ecological, and social factors. One of the least recognized research areas concerning UHS is the in situ loss of hydrogen caused by geochemical reactions that may affect sealing rocks' petrophysical parameters and strength. The article presents the reactions that may occur during hydrogen storage in geological structures. Based on a literature study, groups of minerals that may affect changes in storage capacity and gas purity have been indicated. These include, in particular, carbonates, anhydrite, ankerite, and pyrite in both the rock matrix and the cement. Upon contact with hydrogen, these minerals dissolve, releasing, among others, Fe2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, SO4 2– , HCO3 – , CO3 2– , HS– ions. These ions are not only components of secondary minerals but also, as a result of further reactions with hydrogen, pollute the stored energy carrier with admixtures of CH4, H2S and CO2, which limits the possibilities of further hydrogen use. The possibility of quartz dissolution, the rate of which depends on the concentration of Na+ ions in the reservoir brine and the pH, was also noted. Moreover, pH influences the reactivity of hydrogen and depends mainly on temperature and pressure, which will be subject to frequent cyclical changes during the operation of the storage. This review paper discusses the influence of thermobaric conditions on the analyzed process, what should be a base for detailed analysis of the rock-hydrogen-brine interaction for the potential underground storage structure.

3

Oddziaływanie środowiskowe linii napowietrznych 400, 220 i 110 kV – wybrane aspekty

Dołega Waldemar

Energetyka

|

2022

|

nr 5

274--279

PL

W artykule przedstawiono analizę wybranych elementów związanych z procesem planowania rozwoju sieciowej infrastruktury elektroenergetycznej 400, 220 i 110 kV w aspekcie ochrony środowiska, wynikających z krajowych uwarunkowań prawnych. Omówiono krajowe uregulowania prawne dotyczące ochrony środowiska, które określają aspekty środowiskowe przygotowania i realizacji inwestycji elektroenergetycznych. Przedstawiono potencjalne spektrum negatywnego oddziaływania środowiskowego inwestycji sieciowych, zwracając szczególną uwagę na oddziaływanie pól elektromagnetycznych linii napowietrznych wysokich i najwyższych napięć i ich wpływ na zdrowie ludzi. Przedstawiono rozwiązania które maksymalnie ograniczają ingerencję inwestycji sieciowej w środowisko przyrodnicze. Obejmują one: właściwą lokalizację inwestycji sieciowej, ograniczanie obszaru zajmowanego przez inwestycję sieciową oraz stosowanie rozwiązań i technologii ograniczających oddziaływanie na środowisko przyrodnicze. Przy czym właściwa lokalizacja infrastruktury sieciowej ma kluczowe znaczenie w aspekcie minimalizacji potencjalnych niekorzystnych oddziaływań inwestycji na środowisko przyrodnicze.

EN

In this paper, analysis of various elements related to process of power network infrastructure development planning in aspect of environment protection followed from national law regulations is shown. National legal regulations concerning environment protection, which describe environmental aspects of preparation and construction of power investments, are discussed. Potential spectrum of negative environmental impact of power network investments are shown. Special attention to interaction of electromagnetic fields of overhead high voltage power lines and their influence on people health is paid. Solutions which maximum limit interference of network investment in the natural environment are presented. They include: proper location of network investment, restriction of area occupied by network investment, utilization of solutions and technologies which limit impact on the natural environment. Proper location of network investment has key importance in aspect of minimization of potential negative impacts of investment on the environment.

4

Nośność mimośrodowo ściskanych słupów betonowych ze zbrojeniem niemetalicznym

Korentz Jacek

Builder

|

2022

|

R.26, nr 4

62--64

PL

W konstrukcjach z betonu coraz częściej mają zastosowanie pręty kompozytowe FRP, które są wykonywane z różnych materiałów. Właściwości mechaniczne dostępnych na rynku prętów kompozytowych są bardzo zróżnicowane. Pręty kompozytowe różnią się od stalowych prętów zbrojeniowych: charakteryzują się bardzo wysoką wytrzymałością i niskim modułem sprężystości. Pręty te zachowują się sprężyście w całym zakresie obciążeń, a ich zniszczenie następuje w sposób nagły. Z tego względu zachowanie się słupów zbrojonych prętami kompozytowymi odbiega od znanego zachowania się słupów ze zbrojeniem stalowym: nośność tych słupów jest zróżnicowana. W artykule przeanalizowano wpływ rodzaju zastosowanego zbrojenia podłużnego w słupach krępych na interakcję sił granicznych momentu zginającego i siły podłużnej. Słupy ze zbrojeniem niemetalicznym w stosunku do słupów ze zbrojeniem stalowym charakteryzują się większą lub mniejszą nośnością w zależności od rodzaju kompozytu oraz wielkości mimośrodu siły podłużnej.

EN

FRP composite bars, which are made from various materials, are increasingly used in concrete structures. The mechanical properties of commercially available composite bars vary greatly. Composite bars are different from steel reinforcing bars; they have very high strength and a low modulus of elasticity. These bars behave elastically over the entire load range and their failure is sudden. Therefore, the behavior of columns reinforced with composite bars may differ from the known behavior of columns with steel reinforcement; the load capacity of the columns varies. This paper investigates the influence of the type of longitudinal reinforcement used in brittle columns on the interaction of bending moment and longitudinal force limit forces. Columns with non-metallic reinforcement compared to columns with steel reinforcement have a higher or lower load capacity depending on the type of composite and the eccentricity of the longitudinal force.

5

Sprawdzanie nośności murowych ścian ścinanych

Jasiński Radosław

Inżynieria i Budownictwo

|

2021

|

R. 77, nr 9-10

428--433

PL

Przedstawiono postępowanie przy sprawdzaniu nośności przekroju ściany ścinanej przy wykorzystaniu wykresu interakcji, zbudowanego według zaleceń Eurokodu 6 (prEN 1996-1-1:2019). Sformułowano niezbędne równania określające nośność przekroju w funkcji pionowego obciążenia NEd. Przeanalizowano wpływ kształtu ściany oraz mimośrodu obciążenia pionowego na kształt wykresu interakcji.

EN

This paper describes the procedure for verifying shear load capacity by means of the interaction diagram drawn as specified in Eurocode 6 (prEN 1996-1-1:2019). Necessary equations for determining load-carrying capacity of cross-section against vertical load NEd were worked out. The effect of wall shape and eccentricity of vertical load on the shape of the interaction diagram was analysed.

6

Modelling of the spatial structure of longwall buildings with large-scale quasi finite elements and applying the method in the interaction issues with subsoil - with regard to their implementation in stages

Miedziałowski Czesław, Ustinovichius Leonas

Archives of Civil Engineering

|

2021

|

Vol. 67, nr 4

527--541

EN

The paper presents the original concept of description and analysis of buildings (wall and floor structures), corresponding to the natural components of construction, quasi finite elements (QWSFS). This concept constitutes one of the component of the developed, interactive model of deep foundation buildings. The presented modelling method enables a significant reduction of the number of unknowns, which in the case of interaction building - subsoil, gives a possibility of including the factual geometry and building development stiffness into the FEM model. Therefore the true representation of static operation of the objects can be analysed. The paper gives basic assumptions to the construction of the QWSF-superelements as well as the results of numerical tests conducted. The potential of using the developed modelling concept in the analysis of the structural elements and deep foundation problems, in a three-dimensional system: subsoil - new building - potential neighbouring building development (at each stage of erection of investment, using a structural statics stage analysis) was presented.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono oryginalną koncepcję opisu i analizy budynków (konstrukcji ścian i stropów), odpowiadającą naturalnym komponentom konstrukcji opisanych elementami quasi skończonymi (QWSFS). Koncepcja ta stanowi jeden z elementów składowych opracowanego interakcyjnego modelu budynków o głęboko posadowionych fundamentach. Przedstawiona metoda modelowania pozwala na znaczne zmniejszenie liczby niewiadomych, co w przypadku modelu interakcji budowla-podłoże daje możliwość włączenia faktycznej geometrii i sztywności zabudowy do modelu MES. Dzięki temu można przeanalizować rzeczywiste odwzorowanie statycznej pracy obiektów. W artykule przedstawiono podstawowe założenia konstruowania superelementów QWSF oraz wyniki przeprowadzonych testów numerycznych. Przedstawiono możliwości wykorzystania opracowanej koncepcji modelowania w analizie problemów konstrukcji oraz głębokich fundamentów w układzie trójwymiarowym: podłoże-nowy budynek i ewentualnie zabudowa sąsiednia (na każdym etapie realizacji inwestycji, tzn. stosując analizę etapową statyki konstrukcji).

7

The torsional and shear behavior of steel fiber reinforced RC members

Aydin Abdulkadir Cüneyt, Kiliç Mahmut, Maali Mahyar, Bayrak Bariş, Tunç Erkan

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

|

2021

|

Vol. 14, no. 2

47--65

EN

Beams and columns are one of the important structural elements of buildings to take up transverse loads such as axial load, bending moment, shear, and torsion. Present work is an experimental investigation on the shear, torsion, and axial load behavior of the structural members like columns and/or beams. The reinforced concrete members with 0, 30, and 60 kg/m3 of steel fibers were tested for torsion, shear and axial loading for this study. The twist angle, the load-deflection behavior, the ultimate shear strength, the torsional moment, and the critical moments were obtained for the loading type and steel fiber ratios. The results show that the increasing steel fiber ratio, increased the torsional moment capacity and decreased the shear strength capacity. On the other hand, increasing the steel fiber content increased the both axial load and moment capacity of RC columns. The shear strength and the torsional moment capacities are defined by the provision of current codes of practice such as ACI318-19, Eurocode-2, British, Australian and Turkish Standards.

8

Effect of Citrus suavissima Hort. ex Tanaka on pharmacokinetics of erlotinib in rat plasma by UPLC-MS/MS

Yang Jinzhao, Liu Huamin, Cai Yuan, Wu Yazhen, Xu Xiaoxin, Wang Xianqin, Lin Chongliang

Acta Chromatographica

|

2021

|

Vol. 33, no. 1

73--77

EN

Twelve Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: Citrus suavissima Hort. ex Tanaka group and control group (n 5 6). The rats in Citrus suavissima Hort. ex Tanaka group were given Citrus suavissima Hort. ex Tanaka juices (1 mL/100 g) by oral administration each day, continued for 14 days; the rats in control group were given Stroke-physiological saline solution (1 mL/100 g) by oral administration each day, continued for 14 days. The rats of these two groups were given a single oral administration of erlotinib (20 mg/kg) on the 15th day. After blood sampling at different time points and processing, the concentrations of erlotinib in rat plasma were determined by the established ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm 3 50 mm, 1.7 mm) with erlotinib-d6 as an internal standard (IS). The initial mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and water (containing 0.1% formic acid) with gradient elution. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes were utilized to conduct quantitative analysis. The sensitive, rapid and selective UPLC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to analyse the effect of Citrus suavissima Hort. ex Tanaka on pharmacokinetics of erlotinib in rat plasma. There were no significant differences in AUC(0t), t1/2, Tmax, CL, Cmax between the two groups (P > 0.05). While MRT(0t) was decreased (P < 0.05) in Citrus suavissima Hort. ex Tanaka group, compared to the control group. It showed that Citrus suavissima Hort. ex Tanaka could not affect the metabolism of erlotinib.

9

Design of a Reed Bed System for Treatment of Domestic Wastewater using Native Plants

Al-Ajalin Fayeq Abdel Hafez, Idris Mushrifah, Abdullah Siti Rozaimah Sheikh, Kurniawan Setyo Budi, Imron Muhammad Fauzul

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2020

|

Vol. 21, nr 6

22--28

EN

The reed bed system is one types of phytoremediation technology for removing pollutants from the environment. This technology provides an environmentally friendly approach to treating contamination with competitive cost, compared to the physico-chemical treatment. The design of reed bed system is highly important in order to achieve the highest pollutant removal efficiency. The design of reed bed system affects the natural oxygen transfer from the environment. The reed bed system was proven to have a good efficiency in removing Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Total Dissolve Solid (TDS), Total Nitrogen (TN) and a number of bacteria. In addition to the oxygen transfer from the environment, the interaction among pollutant-plants-medium-microbes also plays a vital role in the removal of pollutant using the reed bed system. It was suggested that the future related research should accommodate the importance of several environmental conditions to the interaction between pollutant, plants, medium and microbes as well as the impact of those interactions on the pollutant removal efficiency.

10

Overview of the holographic-guided cardiovascular interventions and training - a perspective

Proniewska Klaudia, Pregowska Agnieszka, Walecki Piotr, Dołęga-Dołęgowski Damian, Ferrari Roberto, Dudek Dariusz

Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems

|

2020

|

Vol. 16, no. 3

art. no. 20200043

EN

Immersive technologies, like Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR) and Mixed Reality (MR) have undergone technical evolutions over the last few decades. Their rapid development and dynamic changes enable their effective applications in medicine, in fields like imaging, preprocedural planning, treatment, operations planning, medical students training, and active support during therapeutic and rehabilitation procedures. Within this paper, a comprehensive analysis of VR/ AR/MR application in the medical industry and education is presented. We overview and discuss our previous experience with AR/MR and 3D visual environment and MR-based imaging systems in cardiology and interventional cardiology. Our research shows that using immersive technologies users can not only visualize the heart and its structure but also obtain quantitative feedback on their location. The MR-based imaging system proposed offers better visualization to interventionists and potentially helps users understand complex operational cases. The results obtained suggest that technology using VR/AR/MR can be successfully used in the teaching process of future doctors, both in aspects related to anatomy and clinical classes. Moreover, the system proposed provides a unique opportunity to break the boundaries, interact in the learning process, and exchange experiences inside the medical community.

11

Investigating the factor of safety for the design of columns using properties of steel rebar's manufactured in Pakistan

Zaidi Safdar Abbas, Saeed Muhammad Arsalan, Haider Farhan

Archives of Civil Engineering

|

2020

|

Vol. 66, nr 3

191--208

EN

This paper includes the behaviour of RC column, using the steel strength data employed by Rafi et al. (2014). Eccentric short columns are studied for this purpose, both tension and compression controlled sections, are analysed considering the current design practice of Pakistan. Three cross sections were analysed using different steel percentages against load-moment interaction and the strength analyses. Concrete strength is also varied in this analysis. The load moment interaction diagrams were observed in major and minor axes and strength analysis is made for compression controlled and tension controlled sections. In this analysis it is observed that a section designed as a tension controlled is giving brittle failure at certain limit which should be avoided. Considering this scenario, several random cross sections are analysed, strength reduction factors for eccentric and pure axial columns are computed. Conclusions are made on behalf of this analysis for different types of column design.

12

Investigating the factor of safety for the design of columns using properties of steel rebar’s manufactured in Pakistan

Zaidi Safdar Abbas, Saeed Muhammad Arsalan, Haider Farhan

Archives of Civil Engineering

|

2020

|

Vol. 66, nr 4

61--78

EN

This paper includes the behaviour of RC column, using the steel strength data employed by Rafi et al. (2014). Eccentric short columns are studied for this purpose, both tension and compression controlled sections, are analysed considering the current design practice of Pakistan. Three cross sections were analysed using different steel percentages against load-moment interaction and the strength analyses. Concrete strength is also varied in this analysis. The load moment interaction diagrams were observed in major and minor axes and strength analysis is made for compression controlled and tension controlled sections. In this analysis it is observed that a section designed as a tension controlled is giving brittle failure at certain limit which should be avoided. Considering this scenario, several random cross sections are analysed, strength reduction factors for eccentric and pure axial columns are computed. Conclusions are made on behalf of this analysis for different types of column design.

13

Funkcja agregująca w przestrzennej analizie wielokryterialnej procesów przyrodniczych

Jaroszewicz Joanna, Rędzińska Katarzyna

Roczniki Geomatyki

|

2019

|

T. 17, z. 1(84)

41--57

PL

Wytyczne dla decyzji planistycznych powinny wykorzystywać analizy uwarunkowań przyrodniczych wykonywanych w opracowaniu ekofizjograficznym. Kluczowym etapem transparentnej analizy jest synteza wyników, pozwalająca na przejście od analizy danych do formułowania wniosków. Przy wykorzystaniu analiz wielokryterialnych etap ten związany jest z właściwym doborem funkcji agregującej. Najczęściej stosowanym podejściem jest liniowa suma ważona. Jednak zastosowanie liniowej, addytywnej funkcji agregującej nie zawsze jest właściwe. Nie pozwala na uwzględnienie interakcji między kryteriami. W artykule omówiono własności wybranych funkcji agregujących oraz opracowano analizę wielokryterialną możliwości infiltracji wód opadowych do gruntu. Badania przeprowadzono na obszarze miasta Starachowice. Wyniki potwierdziły rozważania teoretyczne. Zastosowanie funkcji agregującej, uwzględniającej interakcje między kryteriami, dostarczyło bardziej wiarygodne wyniki niż zastosowanie liniowej sumy ważonej.

EN

Planning decisions should be based on analyses of natural conditions performed as eco-physiographic studies. The key step in the transparent analysis is the synthesis of results, allowing the transition from data analysis to formulation of conclusions. When using multi-criteria analyses, this stage is related to the selection of the proper aggregation function. The most commonly used approach is a linear weighted sum. However, the use of an additive aggregation function is not always appropriate. It does not allow taking into account the interaction between criteria. The paper discusses the properties of selected aggregation functions. The multi-criteria analysis of possibilities of the rainwater infiltration into the ground was developed. Research works have been carried out in the area of the city of Starachowice. The results confirmed theoretical considerations. The use of an aggregate function that considers interactions between criteria provided more reliable results than the use of a linear weighted sum.

14

Analiza interakcji w układach hybrydowych MIDC

Polewaczyk Mateusz, Robak Sylwester

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

|

2019

|

R. 95, nr 11

223--227

PL

Celem niniejszego artykułu było opracowanie modelu symulacyjnego układu HMIDC (Hybrid Multi-Infeed HVDC) oraz analiza interakcji układów HVDC różnej topologii (LCC oraz VSC). W ramach pracy przeprowadzono badania symulacyjne, z zakresu stanów nieustalonych wywołanych zwarciami, w oparciu o układ testowy HMIDC. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, że układy VSC mogą zarówno korzystnie, jak i niekorzystnie wpływać na pracę sąsiadującego układu LCC, w zależności od rodzaju zakłócenia.

EN

The goal of this article was to develop a simulation model of the HMIDC system (Hybrid Multi-Infeed HVDC) and study of the interaction between HVDC systems with different topologies (LCC and VSC). As part of the work, simulation tests were conducted in the field of transient states caused by short-circuits, based on the HMIDC test system. Based on the conducted tests, it was found that VSC systems can both favorably and adversely affect the operation of the neighboring LCC system, depending on the type of disturbance.

15

Numerical prediction of propeller-hull interaction characteristics using RANS method

Tu Tran Ngoc, Luu Do Duc, Ha Nguyen Thi Hai, Quynh Nguyen Thi Thu, Vu Nguyen Minh

Polish Maritime Research

|

2019

|

nr 2

163--172

EN

The paper presents the results of computational evaluation of the hull-propeller interaction coefficients, also referred to propulsive coefficients, based on the unsteady RANS flow model. To obtain the propulsive coefficients, the ship resistance, the open-water characteristics of the propeller, and the flow past the hull with working propeller were computed. For numerical evaluation of propeller open-water characteristics, the rotating reference frame approach was used, while for self-propulsion simulation, the rigid body motion method was applied. The rotating propeller was modelled with the sliding mesh technique. The dynamic sinkage and trim of the vessel were considered. The free surface effects were included by employing the volume of fluid method (VOF) for multi-phase flows. The self-propulsion point was obtained by performing two runs at constant speed with different revolutions. The well-known Japan Bulk Carrier (JBC) test cases were used to verify and validate the accuracy of the case studies. The solver used in the study was the commercial package Star-CCM+ from SIEMENS.

16

Application of in-line ATR FTIR spectroscopy in the denvelopment of coating materials

Kędzierski Michał, Ofat-Kawalec Izabela, Bończa-Tomaszewski Zbigniew

Farby i Lakiery

|

2019

|

nr 3

6--14

EN

Selected examples of using in-line ATR FTIR technique to control the synthesis of coating materials and analyze the interactions of coating components and functional additives will be presented. React IR™ system (Mettler Toledo), composed of portable ATR FTR spectrometer, fiber conduit probe tipped with diamond sensor and software Processing the acquired spectroscopic data, was successfully applied for monitoring of real-time conversion of reactants during the addition of dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) and maleic acid, emulsion polymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, synthesis of polyester resin for powder coatings by transesterification and study on the interaction of isophorone diisocyanate with hydrotalcite nanofiller.

PL

Zaprezentowane zostaną wybrane przykłady zastosowania techniki ATR FTIR in-line do kontroli syntezy materiałów powłokowych i analizy wzajemnego oddziaływania składników wyrobów lakierowych i dodatków funkcjonalnych. System React IR™ (Mettler Toledo), składający się z przenośnego spektrometru ATR FTIR, sondy światłowodowej zakończonej czujnikiem diamentowym i oprogramowania przetwarzającego uzyskane dane spektroskopowe, z powodzeniem zastosowano do monitorowania konwersji reagentów w czasie rzeczywistym podczas dodawania dicyklopentadienu (DCPD) i kwasu maleinowego, polimeryzacji emulsyjnej oktametylocyklotetrasiloksanu, syntezy żywicy poliestrowej do farb proszkowych przez transestryfikację i badania wzajemnego oddziaływania diizocyjanianu izoforonu z nanowypełniaczem w postaci hydrotalcytu.

17

Role of EDDS and ZnO-nanoparticles in wheat exposed to TiO2Ag-nanoparticles

Doğaroğlu Zeynep G.

Archives of Environmental Protection

|

2019

|

Vol. 45, no. 4

78--83

EN

Nanotechnology is a manipulation of nature that has emerged through the use of basic sciences, material science and engineering at the nano-scale. The interaction between biological environment and nanoparticles -nanoparticles or nanoparticles-organic materials is not yet well-understood. The toxic effects of nanoparticles on plants were investigated and it was proved that they caused morphological and physiological changes in plants. This study aimed to determine the effects of TiO2Ag nanoparticles alone, co-application of ZnO nanoparticles -TiO2Ag nanoparticles, and co-application of EDDS-TiO2Ag nanoparticles on seed germination, seedling vigor, radicle and plumule elongation of two different wheat species. In the experimental stage, ten seeds were placed in petri-dishes with a double layer of fi lter paper which was used as an inert material. Then 5 mL of TiO2Ag, ZnO+TiO2Ag, and EDDS+TiO2Ag suspensions were added to every petri dish. Results showed that the maximum SVI was determined at the concentration of 50 mg·L-1 TiO2Ag±EDDS for bread wheat and the minimum SVI was observed at 100 mg·L-1 TiO2Ag nanoparticles concentration for durum wheat. The effect of both nanoparticles -nanoparticles interaction and the other chemicals-nanoparticles interaction on the ecosystems should be evaluated.

18

Models of traction stray currents interaction with the earth return circuits

Budnik K., Machczyński W., Szymenderski J.

Poznan University of Technology Academic Journals. Electrical Engineering

|

2018

|

No. 93

227--239

EN

The paper presents methods for analyzing the impact of stray currents generated by DC electric traction on nearby earth-return circuits (pipelines). Various simulation models were developed and compared. First the current and potential of the rail were determined using two models. A model with distributed parameters and a model with lumped parameters consisting of chain-connected two-ports of the π type, for which the potential values in the nodes and currents in the branches were determined using the node potential method. The results obtained were used to further analyze the interaction between the railway rail and the pipeline. The pipeline model is presented in the form of a chain connection of π type two-ports. To determine the impact of stray currents on the pipeline, an analysis of the electric field in its vicinity was carried out. For this purpose, two methods have been developed. First, the analysis of the distribution of the scalar potential in the ground for a rail section of finite length was performed. Second method required taking into account the mutual conductivity of the two circuits (rail and pipeline), which in connection with the knowledge of the leakage current from the rail made it possible to determine the potential of the tested pipeline (using controlled voltage sources). The paper presents the implementation of methods and a comparison of the results obtained. The usefulness and applicability of the developed models for the analysis of the impact of stray currents from DC electric traction on earth-return circuits were also assessed.

19

Ecoenergetic cutting techniques

Zaborowski T., Shvartsburg L., Ivanova N., Ryabov S.

Management and Production Engineering Review

|

2018

|

Vol. 9, No. 4

70--75

EN

The article discusses the relationship between energy quality technologies cutting and their environmental friendliness. Based on the energy analysis shows that energy consumption in the individual technological process is connected with the cutting power and power loss, which form the environmental indicators of the cutting process and reduce its energy efficiency. In addition, it is shown that at implementation of technological processes on the equipment, electrical systems are AC systems the implementation of the cutting process occurs when excessive consumption of currents. The article presents the results of studies on the energy efficiency of cutting processes, definition of the complex influence of cutting processes on the environment and humans, the formation of ways of improving environmental and energy performance quality of these processes.

20

The influence of gender, dominant lower limb and type of target on the velocity of taekwon-do front kick

Wąsik J., Ortenburger D., Góra T., Shan G., Mosler D., Wodarski P., Michnik R. A.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

|

2018

|

Vol. 20, nr 2

133--138

EN

Purpose: The current study aimed to quantify the main influences and the interactions (joint effects) of gender, leg and type of target on the biomechanics of front kick quality. Through the quantification, we tried to identify the relevant factors related to the kick accuracy and maximum velocity for coaching practice. Methods: A ten-camera NIR VICON MX40 motion capture system (250 Hz) was used to determine the kicking foot maximum velocity from two well-trained subject groups (8 males and 6 females). Each subject performed both left and right front kicks in a lateral standing position into the air (without a physical target), to a board, to a table tennis ball and to a training shield. The target were set on a height corresponding to a height of solar plexus of each participant. Results: The results showed that all the three factors (gender, leg and type of target) have significant influences on kicking speed ( p < 0.001) and significant interaction (joint effect) was only found between gender and target ( p < 0.001). Further analysis revealed that the males’ kicking maximum velocity was affected more by board, while females’ one was affected by the size of the target. Conclusions: The results would seem to suggest that, for males, kick-to-a-board may be the more effective method for increasing kick quality, compared to other type of target. For females, kick-to-a-small-ball appears to be effective method for increasing kick maximum velocity.