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1
Content available remote Simulation of pipeline random response to stray currents effects produced by D.C. traction system
Szymenderski J., Machczyński W.
Technical Transactions
|
2018
|
Vol. 115, iss. 10
157--170
EN
The paper presents a method of the simulation of the pipeline potential shift produced by D.C. traction stray currents which are stochastic in character. The calculation model presented is based on the deterministic model used in the earth-return circuit theory combined with the non-deterministic approach based on the Monte Carlo procedure. The model of the equivalent rail with current energization and the concept of superposition allow one to consider more complicated D.C. railway systems using a segmental approximation of the complex railway route and taking into account a number of substations and loads at any location. A locomotive position and a load current are assumed to be independent random variables in the non-deterministic approach. Using simulation program developed random characteristics of a pipeline response e.g. maximum, minimum, median and mean values can be obtained. Hence the pipeline regions more exposed to corrosion risk can be determined.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono metodę symulacji potencjału rurociągu generowanego przez prądy błądzące o losowym kierunku przepływu i wartości. Przedstawiony model zrealizowano w oparciu o metodę deterministyczną w połączeniu z procedurą Monte Carlo. Model zastępczy szyn wykorzystuje zasilanie prądowe oraz zasadę superpozycji. Pozwala to rozważać złożone układy z zastosowaniem segmentowej aproksymacji trasy kolejowej i uwzględnieniu wielu podstacji i pojazdów w dowolnej lokalizacji. Zakłada się, że pozycja lokomotywy i prąd obciążenia są niezależnymi zmiennymi losowymi w podejściu niedeterministycznym. Wykorzystując zaprezentowaną metodę przedstawiono charakterystyki odpowiedzi rurociągu, tj. minimalne, maksymalne, medianę i wartości średnie potencjału. Na tej podstawie można wyznaczyć rejony rurociągów zagrożone korozją elektrochemiczną.
2
Content available Models of traction stray currents interaction with the earth return circuits
Budnik K., Machczyński W., Szymenderski J.
Poznan University of Technology Academic Journals. Electrical Engineering
|
2018
|
No. 93
227--239
EN
The paper presents methods for analyzing the impact of stray currents generated by DC electric traction on nearby earth-return circuits (pipelines). Various simulation models were developed and compared. First the current and potential of the rail were determined using two models. A model with distributed parameters and a model with lumped parameters consisting of chain-connected two-ports of the π type, for which the potential values in the nodes and currents in the branches were determined using the node potential method. The results obtained were used to further analyze the interaction between the railway rail and the pipeline. The pipeline model is presented in the form of a chain connection of π type two-ports. To determine the impact of stray currents on the pipeline, an analysis of the electric field in its vicinity was carried out. For this purpose, two methods have been developed. First, the analysis of the distribution of the scalar potential in the ground for a rail section of finite length was performed. Second method required taking into account the mutual conductivity of the two circuits (rail and pipeline), which in connection with the knowledge of the leakage current from the rail made it possible to determine the potential of the tested pipeline (using controlled voltage sources). The paper presents the implementation of methods and a comparison of the results obtained. The usefulness and applicability of the developed models for the analysis of the impact of stray currents from DC electric traction on earth-return circuits were also assessed.
3
Content available Polarization phenomenon in underground pipeline generated by stochastic stray currents from D.C. traction
Budnik K., Machczyński W., Szymenderski J.
Poznan University of Technology Academic Journals. Electrical Engineering
|
2017
|
No. 89
111--122
EN
D.C electrified traction systems are a potential source of stray currents. The important problem, technically, is to evaluate the harmful effects (electrolytic corrosion) that an electrified railway has on nearby earth–return circuits (e.g. pipelines). This phenomenon is stochastic and may aggravate electrochemical corrosion in different places depending on the position of the vehicle, the load current, soil parameters, etc. The electric circuit approach, based on the complete field method of solution of the transmission–line problem (the earth–return circuit theory), to model stray currents interference on extended structures is presented. The electrode kinetics (polarization phenomenon) is taken into account in the model developed. Random algorithm allows to explore the phenomenon of polarization for different cases, which allows for generalization of the conclusions regarding the risk of corrosion in the studied systems.
4
Potential of the electric flow field produced in the earth by stray currents from D.C. traction of complex geometry
Budnik K., Machczyński W., Szymenderski J.
Poznan University of Technology Academic Journals. Electrical Engineering
|
2016
|
No. 85
29--40
EN
The paper presents a method of the 3D simulation of the primary scalar potential of the electric flow field produced in the earth by d.c. traction stray currents. In the method the equivalent rail is considered as an earth return circuit. The models of the equivalent rail with current energization and the concept of superposition allow one to consider more complicated d.c. railway systems using a segmental approximation of the complex railway route and taking into account a number of substations and loads at any location. It is assumed in the paper that the system considered is linear, that the earth is homogeneous medium of finite conductivity and that the effects of currents in nearby underground metal installations on the potential generated in the earth by track currents (primary earth potential) can be disregarded. An extensive parametric analysis to examine the roles of various factors, which affect the primary earth potential caused by stray currents, may be performed using simulation program developed. The technical application of the method presented, which can be useful at design stage e.g. of metal structures buried in the stray currents area, is illustrated by examples of computer simulation.
5
Content available Immunity of fixed installation to electrostatic discharge
Typańska D., Szymenderski J.
Poznan University of Technology Academic Journals. Electrical Engineering
|
2016
|
No. 85
107--116
EN
The article discusses the issues of immunity of fixed installations intelligent building to electrostatic discharge (ESD). The first chapter details with the characteristics of static electricity and presents the test methods of immunity discharge defined by the PN-EN 61000-4-2 - Testing and measurement techniques - Electrostatic discharge immunity test. Next chapter presents the installation of intelligent building. Its components are discussed and test of immunity to electrostatic discharge of this installation, taking into account the adaptation of Standard requirements is presented.
6
Content available remote Stochastic stray currents effects on earth return circuits (underground pipelines)
Machczyński W., Szymenderski J.
Ochrona przed Korozją
|
2016
|
nr 8
273--278
EN
The paper presents a method of the simulation of the pipeline potential shift produced by d.c. traction stray currents which are stochastic in character, meaning that the current as well as the flow direction change at random. The key problem in the evaluation of a foreign structure response to the stray currents interference consist in the determination of the potential shift of the structure with respect to the adjacent (local) earth. To predict the potential shift due to the stray current influence, calculation methods/tools can be used, especially at design stage of new traction lines or pipelines. The calculation model presented is based on the deterministic model used in the earth-return circuit theory combined with the non-deterministic approach based on the Monte Carlo procedure, in which a locomotive position and a load current are assumed to be independent random variables. Using simulation program developed random characteristics of a pipeline response e.g. maximum, minimum, median and mean values can be obtained. Hence the pipeline regions more exposed to corrosion risk can be determined. The technical application of the method presented is illustrated by examples of computer simulation.
PL
W pracy zaprezentowano metodę symulacji potencjału wzbudzonego wzdłuż obwodu ziemnopowrotnego (rurociągu) prądami błądzącymi o charakterze stochastycznym, upływającymi z szyn trakcji prądu stałego, o losowo zmiennym natężeniu i kierunku. Kluczowy problem w ocenie odpowiedzi rurociągu podlegającego oddziaływaniu, polega na określeniu jego potencjału względem ziemi bliskiej. Zastosowanie w tym celu metod/narzędzi symulacyjnych przydatne jest zwłaszcza na etapie projektowania tras nowych zelektryfikowanych linii kolejowych lub/oraz podziemnych rurociągów. Symulacje prezentowane w pracy bazują na stosowanych w teorii obwodów ziemnopowrotnych modelach deterministycznych w połączeniu z modelem niedeterministycznym wykorzystującym metodę Monte Carlo, w której niezależnymi zmiennymi losowymi są prąd oraz lokalizacja elektrowozu. Opracowany program symulacyjny pozwala na wyznaczenie losowej odpowiedzi t.j. wartości maksymalnej, minimalnej, średniej oraz mediany potencjału rurociągu względem ziemi bliskiej. Umożliwia to oszacowanie lokalizacji stref rurociągu narażonych na korozję elektrolityczną. Zastosowanie opracowanej metody zilustrowano przykładowymi symulacjami.
7
Content available Electrical effects of stray currents from d.c. traction of complex geometry
Budnik K., Machczyński W., Szymenderski J.
Computer Applications in Electrical Engineering
|
2016
|
Vol. 14
39--52
EN
The paper presents a method of the simulation of electrical effects of stray currents from d.c. tracrion of complex geometry. In the method the equivalent rail is considered as an earth return circuit. The models of the equivalent rail with current energization and the concept of superposition allow one to consider more complicated d.c. railway systems using a segmental approximation of the complex railway route and taking into account a number of substations and loads at any location. It is assumed in the paper that the system considered is linear, that the earth is homogeneous medium of finite conductivity and that the effects of currents in nearby underground metal installations on the potential generated in the earth by track currents (primary earth potential) can be disregarded. An extensive parametric analysis to examine the roles of various factors, which affect the primary earth potential caused by stray currents, may be performed using simulation program developed. The technical application of the method presented, which can be useful at design stage e.g. of metal structures buried in the stray currents area, is illustrated by examples of computer simulation.
8
Content available Wykorzystanie systemów informacji geograficznej do wspomagania analizy rozpływu prądów błądzących pochodzenia trakcyjnego
Szymenderski J., Machczyński W.
Poznan University of Technology Academic Journals. Electrical Engineering
|
2015
|
No. 82
93--100
PL
W pracy opisano możliwość wykorzystania systemów informacji geograficznej do wspomagania złożonych algorytmów obliczeniowych. W pierwszej części przedstawiono charakterystykę algorytmów numerycznych pod względem złożoności obliczeniowej oraz środków potrzebnych do ich realizacji i sposobu przedstawienia wyników. Kolejna część niniejszego artykułu poświęcona jest systemom informacji geograficznej. Scharakteryzowano ich podstawowe własności oraz przedstawiono przykładowy system oparty na internetowej bazie danych OpenStreetMap. Kolejną część stanowi omówienie oprogramowania komunikującego się z systemem OpenStreetMap w celu uzyskania danych umożliwiających wykonywanie obliczeń rozpływu prądów błądzących w rzeczywistych układach trakcyjnych. Pracę kończą podsumowanie i wnioski.
EN
The paper discusses the possibility of using geographic information systems to support complex algorithms. The first part presents the characteristics of numerical algorithms in terms of computational complexity and resources required for their implementation and presentation of results. The next part of this article is devoted to geographic information systems. Their properties are discussed and an example of a system based on the online database is presented. Another part is a discussion of the software communicates with OpenStreetMap system in order to obtain data that allow calculations of stray currents propagation in real d.c. traction systems. The article ends with summary and conclusions.
9
Content available Simulation of stray currents generated by DC electric traction
Budnik K., Machczyński W., Szymenderski J.
Poznan University of Technology Academic Journals. Electrical Engineering
|
2015
|
No. 82
67--76
EN
The paper presents two methods of the 3D simulation of the primary scalar potential of the electric flow field produced in the earth by d.c. traction stray currents. In the first method the equivalent rail is considered as an earth return circuit with distributed parameters, whereas in the second method the rail is treated as a circuit with lumped parameters. It is assumed in the paper that the system considered is linear, that the earth is homogeneous medium of finite conductivity and that the effects of currents in nearby underground metal installations on the potential generated in the earth by track currents (primary earth potential) can be disregarded. An extensive parametric analysis to examine the roles of various factors, which affect the primary earth potential caused by stray currents, may be performed using simulation program developed. The technical application of the method presented, which can be useful at design stage e.g. of metal structures buried in the stray currents
10
Content available Management of hybrid renewable energy source in smart building
Szymenderski J., Typańska D.
Poznan University of Technology Academic Journals. Electrical Engineering
|
2015
|
No. 81
191-196
EN
The paper presents how to manage renewable energy hybrid structure. The first section provides an example of a source hybrid PV/T panel and describes its construction and use. The next section shown the use of KNX installations for thermal management in rooms, presents examples of system configurations and work of the individual elements. The next part is devote to the presentation of the SCADA system and its use as a management software of hybrid sources. In the last part is present an example of model to simulate the operation of the entire system, its properties and describe their control structure.
11
Content available Management of hybrid renewable energy source in smart building with use SCADA system
Szymenderski J., Typańska D.
Computer Applications in Electrical Engineering
|
2015
|
Vol. 13
433--442
EN
The paper presents issues concerning the problems of energy management in buildings equipped with building automation systems and renewable energy from different sources. The first part discusses the issues of energy demand in buildings and the problems associated with its volatility during the circadian cycle and also provides an example of a source hybrid PV/T panel, describes its construction and use. Next part is the presentation of building automation systems and management systems. On this basis, it proposed to use the SCADA system and its connection with the installation of building automation as the supervisory software production and energy consumption in a detached house. In conclusion, it demonstrated the advantages of the presented solution, rated the possibility of implementation and benefits to users.
12
Content available Contribution to studies on calculation of D.C. stray currents
Budnik K., Machczyński W., Szymenderski J.
Computer Applications in Electrical Engineering
|
2015
|
Vol. 13
28--41
EN
The paper presents two methods of the 3D simulation of the primary scalar potential of the electric flow field produced in the earth by d.c. traction stray currents. In the first method the equivalent rail is considered as an earth return circuit with distributed parameters, whereas in the second method the rail is treated as a circuit with lumped parameters. It is assumed in the paper that the system considered is linear, that the earth is a homogeneous medium of finite conductivity and that the effects of currents in nearby underground metal installations on the potential generated in the earth by track currents (primary earth potential) can be disregarded. An extensive parametric analysis to examine the roles of various factors, which affect the primary earth potential caused by stray currents, may be performed using simulation program developed. The technical application of the method presented, which can be useful at design stage e.g. of metal structures buried in the stray currents area, is illustrated by examples of computer simulation.
13
Content available Voltage induced by currents in power-line sagged conductors in nearby circuits of arbitrary configuration
Budnik K., Machczyński W., Szymenderski J.
Archives of Electrical Engineering
|
2015
|
Vol. 64, nr 2
227--236
EN
The study presents a calculation method of the voltage induced by power-line sagged conductor in an inductively coupled overhead circuit of arbitrary configuration isolated from ground. The method bases on the solution utilizing the magnetic vector potential for modeling 3D magnetic fields produced by sagging conductors of catenary electric power lines. It is assumed that the equation of the catenary exactly describes the line sag and the influence of currents induced in the earth on the distribution of power line magnetic field is neglected. The method derived is illustrated by exemplary calculations and the results obtained are partially compared with results computed by optional approach.
14
Content available remote Electric field induced by current in overhead conductor
Budnik K., Machczyński W., Szymenderski J.
Prace Naukowe Politechniki Śląskiej. Elektryka
|
2014
|
z. 1
35--42
EN
The paper presents a theoretical study of the calculation of electric field induced in vicinity of an overhead current carrying conductor. Exact method of the determination of the induced electric field bases on the Fourier transform technique, whereas a simplified method uses the concept of complex ground return plane. As an example the induced electric field under a power line conductor is calculated.
PL
Praca dotyczy metod dokładnej oraz uproszczonej wyznaczania natężenia indukowanego pola elektrycznego wokół napowietrznego przewodu z prądem. Metoda dokładna bazuje na przekształceniu Fouriera w celu rozwiązania równania Helmholtza dla potencjału wektorowego, natomiast uproszczona opiera się na metodzie odbić zwierciadlanych od płaszczyzny umieszczonej na głębokości opisanej funkcją zespoloną. Wykazano przydatność praktyczną metody uproszczonej
15
Content available Odbiornik radiowy sterowany komputerowo
Szymenderski J.
Poznan University of Technology Academic Journals. Electrical Engineering
|
2014
|
No. 80
55--62
PL
W pracy omówiono układ fizyczny odbiornika radiowego, którego zadaniem jest dopasowanie częstotliwości radiowych z zakresu od 0 do 30 MHz do możliwości przetworzenia ich na sygnał dyskretny przez przetwornik analogowo-cyfrowy będący standardowym wyposażeniem każdej karty dźwiękowej komputera klasy PC lub laptop. Przekształcenie częstotliwości pozwala na odbiór sygnałów radiowych modulowanych w różnych standardach przy pomocy komputera oraz odpowiedniej aplikacji przetwarzającej sygnały radiowe.
EN
The paper discusses the physical system radio receiver, whose task is to adjust radio frequencies range from 0 to 30 MHz for the possibility of processing them into discrete signal by the analog-digital converter which is standard equipment on every sound card of a PC or laptop. The transformation frequency allows the reception of radio signals modulated in various standards using a computer and the appropriate application processing radio signals.
16
Content available Komputerowe przetwarzanie sygnałów radiowych
Szymenderski J.
Poznan University of Technology Academic Journals. Electrical Engineering
|
2014
|
No. 80
121--129
PL
Praca dotyczy cyfrowego przetwarzania sygnałów o częstotliwościach radiowych. Opracowano i zrealizowano program komputerowy pozwalający na pracę z sygnałami radiowymi, tj. filtrację, demodulację oraz wzmocnienie. Zastosowanie komputera znacząco rozszerzyło możliwości systemu oraz zapewniło możliwość podglądu widma sygnału radiowego, na podstawie którego możliwa jest ocena rodzaju i jakości odbieranego sygnału. System posiada również możliwość sterowania zewnętrznym urządzeniem odbiorczym z wykorzystaniem transmisji szeregowej.
EN
This paper concerns digital signal processing for radio frequencies. Developed and implemented a computer program which allows to work with radio signals, such as filtration, demodulation and amplification. The use of the computer significantly expanded capabilities of the system and provided the opportunity to preview radio spectrum, on the basis of which it is possible to evaluate the nature and quality of the received signal. The system also has possible to control the external receiver device using serial transmission.
17
Content available Power line induced electric field and electromotive force in a nearby overhead circuit
Budnik K., Machczyński W., Szymenderski J.
Computer Applications in Electrical Engineering
|
2014
|
Vol. 12
45--56
EN
The study presents methods of the calculation of electric field induced in vicinity of an overhead current carrying conductor. Exact method of the determination of the induced electric field bases on the Fourier transform technique, whereas a simplified method uses the concept of complex ground return plane. Exact and simplified methods of the calculation of electromotive force (emf) induced in a loop located under an overhead power line conductor are also presented. The loop is treated as a rectangular loop (two-conductor closed loop) located near the power line horizontal to the earth surface. The exact method bases on the earth return circuit theory, whereas the simplified method allows one to calculate the induced emf under the assumption neglecting earth currents. The methods presented are illustrated by exemplary calculations.
18
Content available Computer set for processing radio signals
Szymenderski J.
Computer Applications in Electrical Engineering
|
2014
|
Vol. 12
386--398
EN
The work relates to digital signal processing of radio frequencies. Developed and implemented a computer program that allows to work with radio signals, ie. filtering, demodulation, strengthening and radio physical system whose task is to match the radio frequency range from 0 to 30 MHz for the possibility of processing them into discrete signal by the analog to digital which is standard equipment on every sound card of the PC. The use of the computer significantly expanded capabilities of the system and provided the ability to preview spectrum radio signal on the basis of which it is possible to assess the type and quality of the received signal.
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