Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Switching processes occurring In electrical networks 10-35 kV

Rahimli Ilham, Bakhtiyarov Aliashraf, Abdullayeva Gulshan, Rzayeva Sona

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

|

2024

|

R. 100, nr 8

156--159

EN

Due to the fact that high-voltage equipment solutions involve large capital investments, they are very important areas based on the scientific, technical and applied sectors. The most correct and accurate solution of these questions is always taken into account as an urgent problem. In many cases, along with scientific and technical problems in this direction, other problems also become relevant. The purpose of this work: as an example, the question was raised about the alteration of the neutral modes of 10-35 kV networks in order to increase power and maintain accuracy in the development of distribution systems. Research method: Such questions lead to a situation related to the replacement of the network, the operation system of machines and equipment, the introduction and manufacture of thousands of 10-35 kV transformers during reconstruction. And these issues become technical and economic problems of national importance, which are necessary for production and are considered important for solution. Results: The choice of one or another neutral grounding mode is extremely effective when it is necessary to operate the network for a long time with a single-phase ground fault. The need for long-term network maintenance in the event of such a failure arises only if backup is not available. At this time, the effective use of an arcing reactor is possible only in symmetrical networks that change without changing the configuration.

PL

Ze względu na to, że rozwiązania w zakresie urządzeń wysokiego napięcia wiążą się z dużymi inwestycjami kapitałowymi, są to bardzo ważne obszary oparte na sektorach naukowym, technicznym i stosowanym. Najbardziej poprawne i dokładne rozwiązanie tych pytań jest zawsze brane pod uwagę jako pilny problem. W wielu przypadkach wraz z problemami naukowymi i technicznymi w tym kierunku istotne stają się także inne problemy. Cel pracy: jako przykład postawiono pytanie o przebudowę trybów neutralnych sieci 10-35 kV w celu zwiększenia mocy i zachowania dokładności w rozwoju systemów dystrybucyjnych. Metoda badawcza: Takie pytania prowadzą do sytuacji związanej z wymianą sieci, systemu pracy maszyn i urządzeń, wprowadzeniem i produkcją tysięcy transformatorów 10-35 kV podczas przebudowy. Kwestie te stają się problemami technicznymi i ekonomicznymi o znaczeniu krajowym, niezbędnymi do produkcji i uważanymi za ważne do rozwiązania. Wyniki: Wybór jednego lub drugiego trybu uziemienia neutralnego jest niezwykle skuteczny, gdy konieczna jest długotrwała eksploatacja sieci z jednofazowym zwarciem doziemnym. Konieczność długoterminowej konserwacji sieci w przypadku takiej awarii pojawia się tylko w przypadku braku możliwości wykonania kopii zapasowej. W tej chwili efektywne wykorzystanie reaktora łukowego jest możliwe tylko w sieciach symetrycznych, które zmieniają się bez zmiany konfiguracji.

2

Lightweight hybrid cryptography algorithm for wireless body area sensor networks using cipher technique

Raziq Aizaz, Qureshi Kashif Naseer, Yar Asfand, Ghafoori Kayhan Zrar, Jeon Gwanggil

Computer Assisted Methods in Engineering and Science

|

2024

|

Vol. 31, no. 2

213--240

EN

Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are based on connected and dedicated sensor nodes for patient monitoring in the healthcare sector. The sensor nodes are implanted inside or outside the patient’s body for sensing the vital signs and transmitting the sensed data to the end devices for decision-making. These sensor nodes use advanced communication technologies for data communication. However, they have limited capabilities in terms of computation power, battery life, storage, and memory, and these constraints make networks more vulnerable to security breaches and routing challenges. Important and sensitive information is exchanged over an unsecured channel in the network. Several devices are involved in handling the data in WBANs, including sink nodes, coordinator, or gateway nodes. Many cryptographic schemes have been introduced to ensure security in WBANs by using traditional confidentiality and key-sharing strategies. However, these techniques are not suitable for limited resource-based sensor nodes. In this paper, we propose a Lightweight Hybrid Cryptography Algorithm (LWHCA) that uses cryptographicbased techniques for WBAN networks to improve network security, minimize network overhead and delay issues, and improve the healthcare monitoring processes. The proposed solution is evaluated in a simulation scenario and compared with state-of-the-art schemes in terms of energy consumption, and ciphertext size.

3

Polish container ports, new baltic hubs?

Serry A.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

|

2023

|

Vol. 17 No. 2

365--371

EN

Over the last decade, the Baltic ports have welcomed a remarkable growth, especially oil transportation and containerised flows. The regional container network is mainly made up of feeders services. Consequently, Baltic ports as nodes of a regional maritime network are integrated into a larger system. Indeed, the port development and the evolution of maritime traffic are symptomatic of economic and territorial mutations. In this context, the Polish ports, Gdansk and Gdynia, were originally mainly connected to the Polish hinterland and Central European market. They are now becoming new transhipment ports for the regional traffic. It is especially the case for Gdansk which recorded considerable and continued growth in container traffic during the last years. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the activity of the polish container ports and examine their role and position in the Baltic and European container network. This study is based on a literature review and mainly on the analysis of a statistical database as well as using Automatic Identification System data.

4

QIBMRMN: Design of a Q-Learning based Iterative sleep-scheduling & hybrid Bioinspired Multipath Routing model for Multimedia Networks

Doorwar Minaxi, Malathi P

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

|

2023

|

Vol. 69, No. 4

776--784

EN

Multimedia networks utilize low-power scalar nodes to modify wakeup cycles of high-performance multimedia nodes, which assists in optimizing the power-toperformance ratios. A wide variety of machine learning models are proposed by researchers to perform this task, and most of them are either highly complex, or showcase low-levels of efficiency when applied to large-scale networks. To overcome these issues, this text proposes design of a Q-learning based iterative sleep-scheduling and fuses these schedules with an efficient hybrid bioinspired multipath routing model for largescale multimedia network sets. The proposed model initially uses an iterative Q-Learning technique that analyzes energy consumption patterns of nodes, and incrementally modifies their sleep schedules. These sleep schedules are used by scalar nodes to efficiently wakeup multimedia nodes during adhoc communication requests. These communication requests are processed by a combination of Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) & Genetic Algorithm (GA) models, which assist in the identification of optimal paths. These paths are estimated via combined analysis of temporal throughput & packet delivery performance, with node-to-node distance & residual energy metrics. The GWO Model uses instantaneous node & network parameters, while the GA Model analyzes temporal metrics in order to identify optimal routing paths. Both these path sets are fused together via the Q-Learning mechanism, which assists in Iterative Adhoc Path Correction (IAPC), thereby improving the energy efficiency, while reducing communication delay via multipath analysis. Due to a fusion of these models, the proposed Q-Learning based Iterative sleep-scheduling & hybrid Bioinspired Multipath Routing model for Multimedia Networks (QIBMRMN) is able to reduce communication delay by 2.6%, reduce energy consumed during these communications by 14.0%, while improving throughput by 19.6% & packet delivery performance by 8.3% when compared with standard multimedia routing techniques.

5

Network optimality conditions

Osmolovskii Nikolai P., Qian Meizhi, Sokołowski Jan

Control and Cybernetics

|

2023

|

Vol. 52, No. 2

129--180

EN

Optimality conditions for optimal control problems arising in network modeling are discussed. We confine ourselves to the steady state network models. Therefore, we consider only control systems described by ordinary differential equations. First, we derive optimality conditions for the nonlinear problem for a single beam. These conditions are formulated in terms of the local Pontryagin maximum principle and the matrix Riccati equation. Then, the optimality conditions for the control problem for networks posed on an arbitrary planar graph are discussed. This problem has a set of independent variables xi varying within their intervals [0, li], associated with the corresponding beams at network edges. The lengths li of intervals are not specified and must be determined. So, the optimization problem is non-standard, it is a combination of control and design of networks. However, using a linear change of the independent variables, it can be reduced to a standard one, and we show this. Two simple numerical examples for the single-beam problem are considered.

6

Limits of stabilization of a networked hyperbolic system with a circle

Gugat Martin, Huang Xu, Wang Zhiqiang

Control and Cybernetics

|

2023

|

Vol. 52, No. 1

79--121

EN

This paper is devoted to the discussion of the exponential stability of a networked hyperbolic system with a circle. Our analysis extends an example by Bastin and Coron about the limits of boundary stabilizability of hyperbolic systems to the case of a networked system that is defined on a graph which contains a cycle. By spectral analysis, we prove that the system is stabilizable while the length of the arcs is sufficiently small. However, if the length of the arcs is too large, the system is not stabilizable. Our results are robust with respect to small perturbations of the arc lengths. Complementing our analysis, we provide numerical simulations that illustrate our findings.

7

An attempt at applying machine learning in diagnosing marine ship engine turbochargers

Adamkiewicz Andrzej, Nikończuk Piotr

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność

|

2022

|

Vol. 24, no. 4

795--804

EN

The article presents a diagnosis of turbochargers in the supercharging systems of marine engines in terms of maintenance decisions. The efficiency of turbocharger rotating machines was defined. The operating parameters of turbocharging systems used to monitor the correct operation and diagnose turbochargers were identified. A parametric diagnostic test was performed. Relationships between parameters for use in machine learning were selected. Their credibility was confirmed by the results of the parametric test of the turbocharger system and the main engine, verified by the coefficient of determination. A particularly good fit of the describing functions was confirmed. As determinants of the technical condition of a turbocharger, the relationship between the rotational speed of the engine shaft, the turbocharger rotor assembly and the charging air pressure was assumed. In the process of machine learning, relationships were created between the rotational speed of the engine shaft and the boost pressure, and the indicator of the need for maintenance. The accuracy of the maintenance decisions was confirmed by trends in changes in the efficiency of compressors.

8

NoPASARAN: a Novel Platform for Analysing Semi-Active elements in Routes Across a Network

Benhabbour Ilies, Dacier Marc

Applied Cybersecurity & Internet Governance

|

2022

|

Vol. 1, No. 1

1--25

EN

In this paper, we propose a novel, collaborative distributed platform to discover the presence, or analyse the configuration, of what we call semi-active elements. By doing so, we revisit the ideas initially proposed in [1, 2] with the Netalyzr tool and in [3] with Inmap-t. Our contributions lie in a simplified and more powerful design that enables the platform to be used for a variety of tasks, such as conformance verification, security testing, network configuration understanding, etc. The specifications, design and implementation choices of the platform are presented and discussed. Two use cases are revealed to illustrate how the platform can be used. We welcome any interest shown by others in deploying our tool in different environments, and encourage any subsequent collaboration in improving its expressiveness.

9

Network connectivity dynamic modelling

Eid Mohamed

Safety and Reliability of Systems and Processes

|

2021

|

Summer Safety and Reliability Seminar 2021

117--127

EN

The chapter presents an approach based on basic notions issued from the graph theory and from the system reliability theory. The approach seeks to describe the transitions in the connectivity state of non-directional graphs induced by systemic losses of nodes and edges. Each component loss (node or edge) represents a transition and results in a connectivity degradation. Some of the transitions are classified as non-critical while others are critical. Degradations are measured using the notion of topological graph diameter issued from the graph theory. The critical transition notion is issued from the system reliability theory. The approach determines the degraded graph diameter corresponding to each possible transition and subsequently the criticality of the transition. The criticality threshold is determined by the highest acceptable connectivity order which is a function of the degraded graph diameter. A network with 9 nodes and 15 edges is used as an academic study case to illustrate the applicability of the approach. Nodes are supposed to be identical, as well as the edges. All network components (nodes and edges) are mutually independent. These precedent hypotheses are intended to evacuate all sources of numerical useless complexity. As our main objective is to highlight the original characteristic of the proposed approach.

10

Optimization model the pipe diameter in the drinking water distribution network using multi-objective genetic algorithm

Sulianto, Setiono Ernawan, Yasa I. Wayan

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2021

|

no. 48

55--64

EN

Under conditions of gravity flow, the performance of a distribution pipe network for drinking water supply can be measured by investment cost and the difference in real and target pressures at each node to ensure fairness of the service. Therefore, the objective function for the optimization in the design of a complex gravity flow pipe network is a multi-purpose equation system set up to minimize the above-mentioned two parameters. This article presents a new model as an alternative solution to solving the optimization equation system by combining the Newton–Raphson and genetic algorithm (GA) methods into a single unit so that the resulting model can work effectively. The Newton–Raphson method is used to solve the hydraulic equation system in pipelines and the GA is used to find the optimal pipe diameter combination in a network. Among application models in a complex pipe network consisting of 12 elements and 10 nodes, this model is able to show satisfactory performance. Considering variations in the value of the weighting factor in the objective function, opti-mal conditions can be achieved at the investment cost factor (ω1) = 0.75 and the relative energy equalization factor at the service node (ω2) = 0.25. With relevant GA input parameters, optimal conditions are achieved at the best fitness value of 1.016 which is equivalent to the investment cost of USD 56.67 thous. with an average relative energy deviation of 1.925 m.

11

Designing Walking Pathways for a Tourist Resort with the Theory of Six Value Aggregation Paths

Kowalczyk Anna Maria

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

|

2021

|

Vol. 15, no. 3

23--38

EN

The study examines the possibility of applying the selected components of the theory of six value aggregation paths in designing walking pathways. Based on spatial data collected using a landscape assessment method on the aesthetic values of the landscape of the place under analysis, a model was developed of the network of links of the landscape aesthetic value using a minimum increase in this value. The authors designed scenarios for the optimal routes of walking pathways. The conducted study leads to the conclusion that the minimum value increase path may create a good basis for designing walking pathways. Not only is this manifested in the varied route of the pathway, but also in it being designed in such a way that the landscape’s aesthetic value increases beyond an assumed level of aesthetic value. In addition, the use of hexagonal basic fields enables the design of various route lengths and the optimization of time by adapting the model to a specific group of recipients.

12

An Algorithm for Choosing, Ordering a New Criteria of a Bi-Objective Flow Problem

Belkacem Salima Nait

Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences

|

2021

|

Vol. 46, No. 1

11--26

EN

In this paper, we propose an algorithm which is based on many things: the notions well-known of the simplex network method, Ford Fulkerson’s algorithm and our new idea, which is << the gain cycles >>, applied on a bi-objective minimum cost flow problem. This algorithm permits us to have a good order of many criteria in a rapid and an efficient way; because this classification permits us to structure the optimal area, in which we can choose the best action among the others which exist in the objective space. From this one, we distinguish, that the resolution of this problem comes to find an under set of good actions, among which the decider can select an action of best compromise, or make a decision, in the case where reference indications of the deciders may change. A didactic example is done to illustrate our algorithm.

13

Prowadzenie eksploatacji w warunkach zagrożenia osuwiskowego w KWB „Bełchatów"

Czarnecki Leopold

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy i Ochrona Środowiska w Górnictwie

|

2021

|

nr 11

3--9

PL

Artykuł jest podsumowaniem działań KWB „Bełchatów" mających na celu rozpoznawanie, kategoryzację i monitorowanie zagrożeń osuwiskowych, a także wypracowanie zasad postępowania w przypadku ich wystąpienia. Przedstawiono w nim zasady kategoryzacji zagrożeń osuwiskowych, kryteria oceny stanu zagrożenia oraz zasady ich stosowania w toku prowadzonej eksploatacji. Zwraca się w nim uwagę na wagę prowadzenia prac geologicznych mających na celu odtworzenie historii procesów kształtujących złoże, celowość prowadzenia monitoringu odkształceń powierzchniowych i wgłębnych oraz na konieczność opracowania procedur postępowania w przypadku wystąpienia zagrożenia. Opisuje się też sytuacje, w których tylko dzięki prawidłowej realizacji wszystkich działań niezbędnych do rozpoznania zagrożenia, wiedzy i doświadczeniu załogi górniczej oraz ścisłej współpracy z ośrodkami naukowymi wyeksploatowano węgiel z najgłębszych partii złoża.

EN

The deposit of „Bełchatów" Brown Coal Mine is situated in Kleszczów tectonic ditch. As documented, a block of chalk rocks with a volume of approx. 118 million m3 shifted towards N, within the Neogene sediments at a distance of approx. 200 m, in its southern edge. The area was classified as a landslide hazard area XV/S. Due to the increasing risk of the development of some uncontrolled landslide process, works were undertaken there in order to recompress and relieve the southern solid slope, and to enable coal mining below ordinate -84 MSI . The works were carried out in two stages, in the range of ordinates -46/-6S MSL. (stage I) and -55/-84 MSL. (stage II). The highest values of the increase in the velocity of movement (259-770 mm/d) were obtained in stage II. After the work completion, the speed dropped to the value of 33-83 mm/d. The total values of horizontal movements against the slope amounted from 11,190 cm for ledge 4-55 MSI., to 4201 cm for ledge -65 MSL. In the case of ledges from +55 to -38 MSL, subsidence from 5934 to 2422 cm was observed, while a cumulative rising of 1629 cm was recorded in the case of ledge -65 MSL. These data point to a large "energy expenditure" of the body of the southern slope caused by mining works. Coal was pushed to a height of over 20 m (F ig. 4), and the phenomenon of its displacement was found along the fault, in the distance of 180 m from the foot of the south slope at ordinate -84 MSL (Fig. 5). A progressive behaviour of the rock mass has been observed so far, i.e. after the end of mining, the speeds of horizontal movements were above the value before its commencement. As a result of the works carried out, the intended effect was obtained, i.e. relief and regressive behaviour of the rock mass. This made it possible to carry out mining works below ordinate -84 MSL.

14

Decision making in choosing a network organizational structure in integrated construction projects

Trach Roman, Połoński Mieczysław, Hrytsiuk Petro

Archives of Civil Engineering

|

2021

|

Vol. 67, nr 2

195--208

EN

Recent research has shown that the increase in a number of participants of construction project elevated the cost and duration of construction. The use of integrated project delivery and the formation of a network organization structure can significantly reduce the costs, as the activities of the participants become more coherent and coordinated. The optimization of decisions is essential for the efficiency of a negotiation process, which in turn depends on the organizational structure. The article specifies three basic types of network organizational structure that can be applied in a construction project: focal (F1), dynamic (F2), multifocal (F3). In this study, a direct assessment of possible effectiveness of each of the three types of network organizational structures was carried out using a vector decision model. For each of the above-mentioned types of organizational structures, the potential effectiveness of negotiating act f0 and the total potential effectiveness F0 was calculated. The results of the study show that the most effective type of network organizational structure is the multifocal collective decisions in which a project manager has several “assistants”.

PL

W warunkach nowoczesnej działalności gospodarczej znacznie wzrosła liczba uczestników przedsięwzięć budowlanych. Ich wzrost prowadzi do zwiększenia przepływów informacyjnych i pogorszenia komunikacji, co z kolei może skutkować wyższymi kosztami oraz dłuższym czasem realizacji budowy. Wykorzystanie nowoczesnych metod zarządzania projektami pozwala zaprojektować taką strukturę organizacyjną, dzięki której działania uczestników stają się bardziej spójne i skoordynowane, co w konsekwencji prowadzi do zmniejszenia liczby błędów i kolizji oraz zmniejsza koszt i czas realizacji projektu. Zaproponowana metoda wyboru struktury organizacyjnej oparta jest na założeniu, że członkowie zespołu największą ilość decyzje podejmują wspólnie i/lub w uzgodnieniu. Ponieważ wszyscy uczestnicy są zainteresowani efektywną realizacją całego przedsięwzięcia, większość decyzji będzie podejmowana na podstawie tych samych lub podobnych kryteriów. W artykule przeprowadzono bezpośrednią ocenę potencjalnej wydajności trzech wybranych rodzajów sieciowej struktury organizacyjnej (SSO) przy użyciu wektorowego modelu decyzyjnego. Przyjęto następujące rodzaje sieciowej struktury organizacyjnej (SSO), które mogą być stosowane przy realizacji przedsięwzięć budowlanych: focalna (F1), dynamiczna (F2), multyfokalna (F3). Wykonanie oceny potencjalnej wydajności SSO pozwala na wskazanie optymalnej struktury organizacyjnej. Kryterium optymalności reprezentuje maksymalną efektywność wykorzystania łączy informacyjnych między uczestnikami przedsięwzięcia. Dla każdego z analizowanych rodzajów SSO obliczono potencjalną skuteczność aktu negocjacyjnego f0 i całkowitą potencjalną efektywność F0. Wyniki badań teoretycznych i obliczeń empirycznych pokazują, że najefektywniejszym rodzajem sieciowej struktury organizacyjnej SSO jest sieć multyfokalna, w której kierownik projektu ma kilku asystentów. Dalsze badania skoncentrują się na praktycznej weryfikacji proponowanego modelu na rzeczywistych strukturach zarządzania przedsięwzięciami budowlanymi.

15

The unsustainability of public-sector organizational networks: a case study of voluntary court networks

Banasik Przemysław, Odlanicka-Poczobutt Monika, Morawska Sylwia

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2020

|

z. 148

41--53

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the problem of sustainability of public-sector organizational networks on the example of common courts and what it implies for further research. Methodology: The study used qualitative research tools in the form of structured interviews. Interviews were conducted with 36 presidents and directors of common courts. After conducting and transcribing each interview, their content was analyzed to capture data related to network durability. Based on the proposed methodology, 5 elements of network sustainability were distinguished: goal continuity, reliability, communication, network capability, fairness. Findings: It was found that the judiciary has the potential to take advantage of network cooperation mechanisms, which may involve different relationships and interactions. However, after the pilot project, voluntary court networks formed during the implementation of the project gradually dissolved, ceased to exist. The identification of the elements of network was an additional outcome of the analysis of the results of a pilot study PWP Edukacja w dziedzinie zarządzania czasem i kosztami postępowań – case management. Originality/value: Research on the networking of public organizations, and in particular common courts, is still a cognitive gap. The results of research carried out for the purposes of the article are trying to fill this gap. within the study, the causes of failures in maintaining network relationships in common orchards were identified.

16

Historyczne uwarunkowania tworzenia systemów kolejowych na świecie (5). Obsługa dalekobieżna przed epoką dominacji kolei dużych prędkości

Wesołowski Jacek

TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego

|

2020

|

R. 27, nr 5-6

12--15

PL

Artykuł stanowi zarys kształtowania się podstawowych elementów sieci przewozów dalekobieżnych na świecie. Omówione zostały zagadnienia związane z kategoryzacją pociągów pośpiesznych, wprowadzenia wagonów sypialnych, modernizację taboru, przyśpieszenie przejazdu m.in. dzięki trakcji spalinowej, powojenne sieci międzynarodowe TEE i EC, wreszcie ruch liniowo-równoodstępowy wprowadzony przede wszystkim w niektórych systemach krajowych.

EN

The subsequent text in the historical series is the outline of formation od basic elements of long-distance service. Included were: the institution of an express train, sleeping coaches, the technical progress in passenger rolling stock, speed increase i.a. thanks to diesel traction, post-war TEE and EC networks, rigid route-and-headway systems introduced mainly on national scale in some countries. What has been shown is e.g. that introduction of a fast train was usually, though not always, a process, that a sleeping coach, being an American specialty, also made quite an early appearance in Europe, that late steam traction on wide plains could have been faster than diesel and that train travel with time tends to gain more egalitarian forms.

17

Dynamika kształtowania więzi sieciowych w łańcuchu dostaw. Perspektywa triadyczna

Świerczek Artur

Gospodarka Materiałowa i Logistyka

|

2020

|

nr 10

2--11

PL

Jedną z istotnych przesłanek kształtowania powiązań sieciowych w łańcuchu dostaw jest koncentracja podmiotów (tzw. uczestników głównych) na kluczowych kompetencjach i zlecanie pozostałych usług podmiotom trzecim (usługodawcom). W rezultacie między ogniwami łańcucha dostaw dochodzi do nawiązania relacji wielokrotnych, z kilkoma podmiotami jednocześnie. W literaturze przedmiotu do zilustrowania relacji sieciowych w łańcuchu dostaw wykorzystuje się koncepcję triady. Niemniej obraz ten ma na ogół charakter statyczny, nie ukazuje bowiem rzeczywistej dynamiki formowania takiej relacji w świetle teorii kapitału społecznego, w centrum której znajduje się struktura triadyczna. Celem artykułu jest rozpoznanie i omówienie etapów dynamiki wyłaniania powiązań sieciowych w łańcuchu dostaw za pomocą przechodniej triady sfery usług. Triada przechodnia obejmuje trzy podmioty (dostawcę, odbiorcę oraz usługodawcę), które nawiązują między sobą trzy powiązania diadyczne.

EN

One of the key prerequisites for establishing the network connections in a supply chain is the focus of primary members on core competencies and outsourcing remaining services to the service providers. As a result, the multiple relationships with several actors are established. In the literature, to illustrate the network relationships in a supply chain, the concept of transitive triads has been often employed. Nonetheless, this framework is rather static, as it does not derive the real dynamics of forming the network relationship in the light of the social capital theory for which the concept of triad is a key issue. The paper aims to reveal and describe the stages of forming the network relationships in a supply chain with the use of transitive service triad. The transitive triad encompasses three actors that establish the dyadic relationships between one another. As a result, the transitive triad is formed by three dyadic arrangements.

18

Safety and security of Baltic Sea area critical infrastructure networks : integrated management system

Kołowrocki Krzysztof, Soszyńska-Budny Joanna

Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association

|

2019

|

Vol. 10, No. 1

79--98

EN

The Baltic Sea basin is analyzed and Baltic Sea main geographical and climatological parameters are presented. The Baltic Sea environmental impacts of human activity and the ways of their consequences protection are discussed. The set of critical infrastructure networks at Baltic Sea and its seaside is identified and critical infrastructures and their operation environment methodology is introduced. The integrated management system of safety and security of Baltic Sea area critical infrastructure networks is proposed as a new research project continuing HAZAD project subjects and its core aims and description are presented. The project research team conception is created and partner cooperation added values are addressed. Seven main steps of project implementation are suggested. Moreover, the appropriate and wide references are given.

19

Smart mining communication systems

Stankiewicz Krzysztof

Journal of Machine Construction and Maintenance - Problemy Eksploatacji

|

2019

|

no. 2

105--111

EN

Polish industry stands at the threshold of the 4th Industrial Revolution, whose core is data collected from manufacturing and exploitation processes. The number of the devices that are capable of communication increases exponentially. These facts imply a constant evolution of automated systems, intelligent data analysis, and methods for their reliable and efficient transmission. The current rapid development of communication technologies mainly focuses at the transmission of digital data. Digital data is most often sent within separated hardware segments of business management structures, for the control and monitoring of machines, devices, and processes. At the lowest levels, fieldbuses prevail, from which data is aggregated and transmitted, often by Ethernet protocols, to the level of enterprise branch servers. Then branches connect to the central structures using encrypted tunnels created within the Internet. The whole structure is exposed to a number of threats related to the presence of typical failures, disruptions, as well as actions leading to the data mismatch or transmission failures. A similar state of needs and threats in the field of acquisition and transmission of digital data occurs in Polish mining. The problem of the complexity of communication structures, including sensory networks and battery-powered wireless sensors, becomes a part of mining technology and the processing of raw materials. Development processes of sensory networks are mainly focused on its reliability, followed by performance. For this reason, as well as bearing in mind the reduction of the costs of building the communication infrastructure, networks with mesh topology develop, which are characterized by high transmission reliability due to its multi-redundant structure. This article describes the development of one of the latest communication protocols SSKIR, intended for use in mesh networks.

PL

Polski przemysł stoi u progu 4 Rewolucji Przemysłowej, której trzon stanowią dane pochodzące z procesów wytwórczych i eksploatacyjnych. Liczba urządzeń zdolnych do komunikacji rośnie wykładniczo. Fakty te implikują stałą ewolucję systemów zautomatyzowanej, inteligentnej analizy danych i metod ich niezawodnej oraz wydajnej transmisji. Obecny, gwałtowny rozwój technik komunikacyjnych dotyczy przede wszystkim transmisji danych cyfrowych. Dane cyfrowe przesyłane są najczęściej w ramach wyraźnie wyróżnionych segmentów sprzętowych struktur kierowania przedsiębiorstwem, sterowania i monitorowania maszyn, urządzeń oraz procesów. Na najniższych poziomach dominują magistrale polowe, z których dane są agregowane i przesyłane, często protokołami ethernetowymi, na poziom serwerów oddziałów przedsiębiorstwa. Następnie oddziały łączą się ze strukturami centralnymi za pomocą szyfrowanych tuneli tworzonych w ramach sieci Internet. Struktura ta narażona jest na szereg zagrożeń związanych z obecnością typowych awarii, zakłóceń, jak i celowych działań prowadzących do zawłaszczenia danych lub unieruchomienia transmisji. Podobny stan potrzeb i zagrożeń w zakresie akwizycji i transmisji danych cyfrowych sygnalizuje polskie górnictwo. W ramach procesów wydobywczych i przeróbczych surowców skalnych coraz częściej napotyka się na problem złożonych struktur komunikacyjnych, w tym sieci sensorycznych obejmujących czujniki bezprzewodowe zasilane bateryjnie. W ramach sieci sensorycznych główny nacisk kładziony jest na jej niezawodność, a w dalszej kolejności na wydajność. Z tego powodu, oraz mając na uwadze redukcję kosztów budowy infrastruktury komunikacyjnej, rozwija się sieci o topologii kratownicowej (ang. mesh), charakteryzujące się wysoką niezawodnością transmisji dzięki strukturze multiredundantnej. W niniejszym artykule opisano rozwój jednego z najnowszych protokołów komunikacyjnych SSKIR, przeznaczonego do zastosowań w sieciach kratownicowych.

20

Topological properties of four-layered neural networks

Javaid M., Abbas M., Liu Jia-Bao, Teh W. C., Cao Jinde

Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research

|

2019

|

Vol. 9, No. 2

111--122

EN

A topological property or index of a network is a numeric number which characterises the whole structure of the underlying network. It is used to predict the certain changes in the bio, chemical and physical activities of the networks. The 4-layered probabilistic neural networks are more general than the 3-layered probabilistic neural networks. Javaid and Cao [Neural Comput. and Applic., DOI 10.1007/s00521-017-2972-1] and Liu et al. [Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research, 8(2018), 225-266] studied the certain degree and distance based topological indices (TI’s) of the 3-layered probabilistic neural networks. In this paper, we extend this study to the 4-layered probabilistic neural networks and compute the certain degree-based TI’s. In the end, a comparison between all the computed indices is included and it is also proved that the TI’s of the 4-layered probabilistic neural networks are better being strictly greater than the 3-layered probabilistic neural networks.